Immunology study guide
... • Germ theory of disease – A theory by Pasteur and Koch saying diseases are caused by pathogen ...
... • Germ theory of disease – A theory by Pasteur and Koch saying diseases are caused by pathogen ...
Modeling the Immune System
... adaptive immune responses. Compare innate and adaptive immune responses in terms of immune recognition. Describe which arm of the adaptive immune response is required to protect against extracellular pathogens, in terms of lymphocytes, antigen recognition strategy and defense mechanisms. ...
... adaptive immune responses. Compare innate and adaptive immune responses in terms of immune recognition. Describe which arm of the adaptive immune response is required to protect against extracellular pathogens, in terms of lymphocytes, antigen recognition strategy and defense mechanisms. ...
TAT-mediated gp96 transduction to APCs enhances gp96
... Fusion of HBV-specific antigens to the N-terminal domain of gp96 gene could improve the potency of HBV DNA vaccines PT-NT(gp96) DNA vaccine significantly decreased the percentage of regulatory CD4+ Tb cells. This effect could also contribute to further enhancement of PT-specific immune responses ...
... Fusion of HBV-specific antigens to the N-terminal domain of gp96 gene could improve the potency of HBV DNA vaccines PT-NT(gp96) DNA vaccine significantly decreased the percentage of regulatory CD4+ Tb cells. This effect could also contribute to further enhancement of PT-specific immune responses ...
PFIZER’S CENTERS FOR THERAPEUTIC INNOVATION (CTI) CTI:
... interested in novel approaches to treat a variety of diseases associated with immune dysregulation, including proposals describing intervention points to drive the development of immunological tolerance and de novo generation and/or functional enhancement of T regulatory cells ...
... interested in novel approaches to treat a variety of diseases associated with immune dysregulation, including proposals describing intervention points to drive the development of immunological tolerance and de novo generation and/or functional enhancement of T regulatory cells ...
T-cell development in thymus
... positive selection, in the cortex. DP cells interact with self-antigens in the context of major histocompatabilty complex (MHC) class I or class II molecules. Those cells that engage antigen/MHC with an appropriate affinity survive, whereas those cells that interact with a weaker affinity die by apo ...
... positive selection, in the cortex. DP cells interact with self-antigens in the context of major histocompatabilty complex (MHC) class I or class II molecules. Those cells that engage antigen/MHC with an appropriate affinity survive, whereas those cells that interact with a weaker affinity die by apo ...
Hypersensitivity
... How is a Type I hypersensitive response different from a normal humoral response? • The plasma cell lineage of the B cell that exogenously processed the allergen secretes IgE, not any of the other isotypes. ...
... How is a Type I hypersensitive response different from a normal humoral response? • The plasma cell lineage of the B cell that exogenously processed the allergen secretes IgE, not any of the other isotypes. ...
05 M301 Host Def NS 2011 - Cal State LA
... Neutrophils - first cell arrive at infected site and predominant cell found during initial stage of infection In latter stages of infection monocytes predominate ...
... Neutrophils - first cell arrive at infected site and predominant cell found during initial stage of infection In latter stages of infection monocytes predominate ...
Immune System
... IgM – a pentamer; first to arrive on scene, so indicates current infection; cannot cross placenta (?) IgG – most abundant IgA – made by mucous membrane cells; milk IgD – found on B cells; do not cross into placenta (?) IgE – attach to mast cells & basophils; stimulate release of histamine in allergi ...
... IgM – a pentamer; first to arrive on scene, so indicates current infection; cannot cross placenta (?) IgG – most abundant IgA – made by mucous membrane cells; milk IgD – found on B cells; do not cross into placenta (?) IgE – attach to mast cells & basophils; stimulate release of histamine in allergi ...
Innate Immune Defects - Immune Deficiency Foundation
... two cell types that require “training” or education to learn not to attack our own cells and to become more efficient for eliminating invading germs. In contrast to the innate immune system, adaptive immune responses recognize microbes by specific receptors found on T- and B-cells. The advantages of ...
... two cell types that require “training” or education to learn not to attack our own cells and to become more efficient for eliminating invading germs. In contrast to the innate immune system, adaptive immune responses recognize microbes by specific receptors found on T- and B-cells. The advantages of ...
19 Physiology of leukocytes
... Stay period of eosinophils in the blood is very short. Especially many of these cells in the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and urinary organs. Number eosinophils is subject to fluctuations during the day: the day of eosinophils approximately 20% less, and in the n ...
... Stay period of eosinophils in the blood is very short. Especially many of these cells in the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and urinary organs. Number eosinophils is subject to fluctuations during the day: the day of eosinophils approximately 20% less, and in the n ...
Types of immune response
... by lymphoid system of the body. It characterizes by: a) specificity (valid for specific antigen); b) potentiation (strengthening at the second introduction of antigen); ...
... by lymphoid system of the body. It characterizes by: a) specificity (valid for specific antigen); b) potentiation (strengthening at the second introduction of antigen); ...
Harvard Summer Program Immunology Project Resource
... Differentiate between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, in terms of their general structures and degrees of complexity. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, and active transport). ...
... Differentiate between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, in terms of their general structures and degrees of complexity. Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, and active transport). ...
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint
... Bases of tumor immunity • The reaction of immunity is based on reaction to foreign antigen • Tumor must be recognised as foreign – endogennous antigen on the surface of self cells MHC I – Ts, Tc, NK • Alteration of cell antigens during tumorgenesis (lack of MHC I – desactivation of KIR, new antgien ...
... Bases of tumor immunity • The reaction of immunity is based on reaction to foreign antigen • Tumor must be recognised as foreign – endogennous antigen on the surface of self cells MHC I – Ts, Tc, NK • Alteration of cell antigens during tumorgenesis (lack of MHC I – desactivation of KIR, new antgien ...
Hypersensitivity Reactions
... complement activation – for eliminating cells presenting foreign antigens (which are usually, but not in this case, pathogens). There are two stages relating to the development of the complexes, firstly the complex forms when IgG and IgM antibodies are bound to an antigen, after this, the complexes c ...
... complement activation – for eliminating cells presenting foreign antigens (which are usually, but not in this case, pathogens). There are two stages relating to the development of the complexes, firstly the complex forms when IgG and IgM antibodies are bound to an antigen, after this, the complexes c ...
BIO SEMINAR PPT FINAL
... An Application of Immunological Memory: Vaccines Immunization – inoculation with antigenic proteins, pathogen fragments, or other molecular antigens Vaccination – inoculation with whole pathogens that have been modified so that they can’t cause disease *both initiate primary immune response (making ...
... An Application of Immunological Memory: Vaccines Immunization – inoculation with antigenic proteins, pathogen fragments, or other molecular antigens Vaccination – inoculation with whole pathogens that have been modified so that they can’t cause disease *both initiate primary immune response (making ...
Recurrent miscarriage – if a woman has experienced a sereise of at
... of at least three involuntary losses of seemingly normal pregnancies before the 29 th week of pregnancy. . The percentage of RM that may be attributed to known biological causes (e.g. genetic defects) is at most 50%, while the majority of the cases are as yet unexplained. No doubt, this condition is ...
... of at least three involuntary losses of seemingly normal pregnancies before the 29 th week of pregnancy. . The percentage of RM that may be attributed to known biological causes (e.g. genetic defects) is at most 50%, while the majority of the cases are as yet unexplained. No doubt, this condition is ...
Micro 532 Exam 96
... the selection process by which the immune system selects the clones making the highest affinity antibody. ...
... the selection process by which the immune system selects the clones making the highest affinity antibody. ...
Cell-mediated (T cells)
... • Two branches: innate/ nonspecific and adaptive/specific • In the innate system: mast cells, neutrophils and macrophages (engulf cytokines inflammation) • Within adaptive, two branches: humoral-mediated (B cells) and cell-mediated (T cells) • Macrophages have a role in both branches ...
... • Two branches: innate/ nonspecific and adaptive/specific • In the innate system: mast cells, neutrophils and macrophages (engulf cytokines inflammation) • Within adaptive, two branches: humoral-mediated (B cells) and cell-mediated (T cells) • Macrophages have a role in both branches ...
Hypersensitivities – 17/03/03
... Type I Hypersensitivity – Humoral – 2-30 mins (Abbas pp 202, Fig 11-1) These types of hypersensitivities are also called allergies. Individuals that develop such reactions are said to be “atopic”. It often follows inflammation and results in the production of IgE. This triggers release of mediators ...
... Type I Hypersensitivity – Humoral – 2-30 mins (Abbas pp 202, Fig 11-1) These types of hypersensitivities are also called allergies. Individuals that develop such reactions are said to be “atopic”. It often follows inflammation and results in the production of IgE. This triggers release of mediators ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.