How to be a good pathogen
... A. What are antibodies (also called immunoglobulins or Igs)? What do they bind to? What kinds of protection do they provide? Where can you find them? How are they made? How long does it take to make a “substantial amount” of antibody in a primary response? B. How do you avoid antibodies? 1. IgA prot ...
... A. What are antibodies (also called immunoglobulins or Igs)? What do they bind to? What kinds of protection do they provide? Where can you find them? How are they made? How long does it take to make a “substantial amount” of antibody in a primary response? B. How do you avoid antibodies? 1. IgA prot ...
The Immune System- Dr Masoud Sirati Nir
... to the corresponding terms and definitions they designate. Term Definition 1. ______ thymus A. protein that NK cells use to kill invading cells 2. ______ tonsil B. substance that induces sensitivity or an immune response 3. ______ lymph node C. cells that make up about 80% of lymphocytes, the “T” de ...
... to the corresponding terms and definitions they designate. Term Definition 1. ______ thymus A. protein that NK cells use to kill invading cells 2. ______ tonsil B. substance that induces sensitivity or an immune response 3. ______ lymph node C. cells that make up about 80% of lymphocytes, the “T” de ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Atypical Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
... T cell Independent Antigens B-1 cells Activated by repeating CHO epitopes that provide crosslinking to induce antigen uptake and activation. Antigen specific immune response Lower affinity, lower numbers, no memory. Primarily IgM. ...
... T cell Independent Antigens B-1 cells Activated by repeating CHO epitopes that provide crosslinking to induce antigen uptake and activation. Antigen specific immune response Lower affinity, lower numbers, no memory. Primarily IgM. ...
Blood Groups and Immunogenetics
... Recognition that blood types have relatively simple inheritance patterns led to their use in paternity cases, forensics, and similar "identity" cases. Blood typing relies on antigen-antibody reactions and thus requires some understanding of our immune system. "Acquired immunity" refers to the fact t ...
... Recognition that blood types have relatively simple inheritance patterns led to their use in paternity cases, forensics, and similar "identity" cases. Blood typing relies on antigen-antibody reactions and thus requires some understanding of our immune system. "Acquired immunity" refers to the fact t ...
Document
... (Treg) • Development requires recognition of self antigen during T cell maturation • Reside in peripheral tissues to prevent harmful reactions against self ...
... (Treg) • Development requires recognition of self antigen during T cell maturation • Reside in peripheral tissues to prevent harmful reactions against self ...
Immune Response
... immunity destroys pathogen-infected body cells (and cancer cells). Humoral immunity destroys free pathogens in the body fluids. The two systems are completely dependent on macrophages and helper T-cells to initiate their responses. Both systems need to be activated for an effective response to the i ...
... immunity destroys pathogen-infected body cells (and cancer cells). Humoral immunity destroys free pathogens in the body fluids. The two systems are completely dependent on macrophages and helper T-cells to initiate their responses. Both systems need to be activated for an effective response to the i ...
Specific Immunity - Austin Community College
... • Found on all nucleated cells • In humans – Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is equivalent to the MHC • Classes of MHC: – Class I – all nucleated cells – Class II – macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells ...
... • Found on all nucleated cells • In humans – Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is equivalent to the MHC • Classes of MHC: – Class I – all nucleated cells – Class II – macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells ...
Hypersensitivity-contact dermatitis
... • Some diseases results from a person’s immune response which causes tissue damage and disordered function rather than immunity ...
... • Some diseases results from a person’s immune response which causes tissue damage and disordered function rather than immunity ...
Activated B cells
... • Innate and adaptive immunity • Types of adaptive immunity • Properties and phases of adaptive immune response • Central and peripheral lymphoid organs • Lymphocyte recirculation ...
... • Innate and adaptive immunity • Types of adaptive immunity • Properties and phases of adaptive immune response • Central and peripheral lymphoid organs • Lymphocyte recirculation ...
Chapter 51
... • 3 kinds of defending leukocytes involved • Macrophages – Kill microorganisms through phagocytosis – Monocytes mature into macrophages ...
... • 3 kinds of defending leukocytes involved • Macrophages – Kill microorganisms through phagocytosis – Monocytes mature into macrophages ...
Self tolerance
... wrist, ankles, elbows, and knees) in a bilaterally symmetric pattern), but can affect multiple tissues (blood vessels, skin, heart, lungs, and muscles) ...
... wrist, ankles, elbows, and knees) in a bilaterally symmetric pattern), but can affect multiple tissues (blood vessels, skin, heart, lungs, and muscles) ...
Immune System and Vaccines
... added to enhance the effect and can help create a more balanced immune response. Killed vaccines come in bottles and don’t need to be mixed with a diluent to be reconstituted. Modified live ...
... added to enhance the effect and can help create a more balanced immune response. Killed vaccines come in bottles and don’t need to be mixed with a diluent to be reconstituted. Modified live ...
Dendritic cells
... Some implications of the danger hypothesis • There is no window for tolerance induction in neonates • Neonatal T cells are not intrinsically tolerant but the neonatal environment predisposes to tolerance • Antigens induce tolerance or immunity depending upon the ability of the immune system to sens ...
... Some implications of the danger hypothesis • There is no window for tolerance induction in neonates • Neonatal T cells are not intrinsically tolerant but the neonatal environment predisposes to tolerance • Antigens induce tolerance or immunity depending upon the ability of the immune system to sens ...
Fifty years of B lymphocytes
... syndrome, a disorder linked to the X chromosome, developed rampant herpes viral lesions associated with defective immunity. Yet these people had high levels of antibodies. By contrast, boys with the inherited immunodeficiency X-linked agammaglobulinaemia could control such viral infections even thou ...
... syndrome, a disorder linked to the X chromosome, developed rampant herpes viral lesions associated with defective immunity. Yet these people had high levels of antibodies. By contrast, boys with the inherited immunodeficiency X-linked agammaglobulinaemia could control such viral infections even thou ...
Autoimmune Conditions - Nutritious And Delicious
... response to self, including genetics, age and environment. In particular, viruses, bacteria (like H. Pylori) and other infectious pathogens are thought to trigger or propagating self-reactive immune responses. Examples include: Norovirus that is implicated in Crohn’s Disease / Giardia in CFS, MS or ...
... response to self, including genetics, age and environment. In particular, viruses, bacteria (like H. Pylori) and other infectious pathogens are thought to trigger or propagating self-reactive immune responses. Examples include: Norovirus that is implicated in Crohn’s Disease / Giardia in CFS, MS or ...
IMMUNO-Immunology Instant
... Name of condition, disease, or immunodeficiency: Atopic dermatitis (AD) Is this a genetic or acquired deficiency? If genetic, is it a dominant or recessive mutation? There is probably a genetic link as patients with AD have increased serum levels of IgE and are deficient in a cell-mediated TH1 respo ...
... Name of condition, disease, or immunodeficiency: Atopic dermatitis (AD) Is this a genetic or acquired deficiency? If genetic, is it a dominant or recessive mutation? There is probably a genetic link as patients with AD have increased serum levels of IgE and are deficient in a cell-mediated TH1 respo ...
03-Chapter
... Most common is western blot First step is electrophoresis of antigen (SDS-PAGE) Second is transfer of antigen from gel to solid phase, such as ...
... Most common is western blot First step is electrophoresis of antigen (SDS-PAGE) Second is transfer of antigen from gel to solid phase, such as ...
Document
... recognise antigen in a complex with either type 1 or 2 MHC. The APC in this case are macrophages which secrete IL-1, which stimulates the proliferation of further CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells secrete IL-2 and IF gamma, further inducing the release of other Type 1 cytokines, thus mediating the immune r ...
... recognise antigen in a complex with either type 1 or 2 MHC. The APC in this case are macrophages which secrete IL-1, which stimulates the proliferation of further CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells secrete IL-2 and IF gamma, further inducing the release of other Type 1 cytokines, thus mediating the immune r ...
NOD-Like Receptors
... That can detect bacterial and viral ligands NOD detects PGN of several bacteria Inflammatory response & Cell Death (IPAF/NAIP) RIG-1/MDA-5 detects dsRNA of virus Modulation of IFN signalling to control virus ...
... That can detect bacterial and viral ligands NOD detects PGN of several bacteria Inflammatory response & Cell Death (IPAF/NAIP) RIG-1/MDA-5 detects dsRNA of virus Modulation of IFN signalling to control virus ...
Immune system
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.