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The body`s response to infection File
The body`s response to infection File

Host Defenses I: Nonspecific Defenses
Host Defenses I: Nonspecific Defenses

... Describe the role of normal microbiota in innate resistance. Classify phagocytic cells, and describe the roles of granulocytes and monocytes. Define and explain phagocyte and phagocytosis. Explain the different stages of inflammation. Describe the cause and effects of fever. Describe the activativat ...
T cells
T cells

... TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. ...
antigens????
antigens????

... – participate in the humoral immune response – Acts on extracellular pathogens (pathogens in body fluids) Attack pathogens OUTSIDE body cells!!!! – secrete antibodies into the blood and lymph to mark pathogen for destruction ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

...  Secretions from the skin give the skin a pH between 3 and 5, which is acidic enough to prevent colonization of many microbes.  Also include proteins such as lysozyme, an enzyme that digests the cell walls of many bacteria. ...
Immune System 2 Non-Specific External and Internal Defenses(1)
Immune System 2 Non-Specific External and Internal Defenses(1)

antigen, acute phase response 2014
antigen, acute phase response 2014

... Granulocytes NK cells (complement system) B and T lymphocytes INNATE IMMUNITY ...
Chapter 43 Student Guided Notes
Chapter 43 Student Guided Notes

... o In the trachea, __________________________________________ cells sweep out mucus with its trapped pathogens. o _____________________________________ in tears, saliva, mucous secretions, and tears kill bacteria that enter the upper respiratory tract or the openings around the _________________. o _ ...
Ms. S Lymphatic Notes File
Ms. S Lymphatic Notes File

... puncturing their membranes (lysis) ...
File
File

... secrete cytokines to activate phagocytes, T cells and B cells destroy infected cells by apoptosis phagocytes which capture the pathogen and display fragments of the antigen on their surface production of a clone of Helper T cell Lymphocytes that move to the site of ...
Disease Resistance in Cattle - Utah State University Extension
Disease Resistance in Cattle - Utah State University Extension

... very adverse conditions. The cow’s body stores the essential nutrients (water, energy, protein, minerals and vitamins) so normal functions continue even in the event of a moderate period of deficiency or starvation. The rumen microorganisms can digest a wide variety of plant materials and the cow th ...
Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host
Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Nonspecific and Specific Immunity
Nonspecific and Specific Immunity

MaX VRL - Xymogen
MaX VRL - Xymogen

... microorganisms. The active “soldiers” that maintain immune system activity include specialized white blood cells, lymphocytes, phagocytes, killer T-cells, antibodies, interferon, and lactoferrin. The first barrier against unfriendly invasions is the skin. Mucus secretions, including tears, gastric a ...
The Human Immune System: Basics and then some…
The Human Immune System: Basics and then some…

... engulfs pathogens and cellular later as well). debris, and then proceeds to digest it, this process is known as Phagocytosis. ...
Immunity - fixurscore
Immunity - fixurscore

... • Reasons for the success of the vaccine included: - The variola virus did not mutate and change its antigens. - It was made from a live harmless strain of a similar virus - Infected people were easy to identify. - Smallpox does not infect animals. - It could be freeze-dried & kept for 6 months aidi ...
Course of Immunology
Course of Immunology

... - Three absences are tolerated, more frequent absences must be based on official certificate and written thesis ...
Differences Between Acute and Chronic Inflammation
Differences Between Acute and Chronic Inflammation

... a. Macrophages injury i. Circulate as monocytes and reach site of b. Followed by released of cytokines that injury within 24 – 48 hrs and transform promotes vasodilation leads to warmness ii. Activatd by numerous cytokines from the and redness of injured area injured site 2. Increased capillary perm ...
Innate vs Adaptive Immunity
Innate vs Adaptive Immunity

... pathogens on 2nd or later exposure ...
Ch 12 - Lymphatic System
Ch 12 - Lymphatic System

... – foreign proteins, nucleic acids, large carbohydrates, pollen grains, microorganisms ...
C23L3 PPT - Destiny High School
C23L3 PPT - Destiny High School

... When the immune system recognizes a particular pathogen, it activates specific defenses in an attempt to prevent this type of infection from ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

Millie.Hughes-Fulford@ucsf.edu
[email protected]

... Func:on  in  Spaceflight  and  Aging  on  ISS   •  Due  to  comorbidies  found  in  the  aging  popula:on,  it   is  difficult  to  understand  the  specific  cause  of  immune   loss  in  the  elderly.   •  Many  of  the  same  hallmarks ...
The Generation of Diversity (GOD): How to Ensure
The Generation of Diversity (GOD): How to Ensure

... 1. T cells with the ability to bind to self MHC molecules expressed by cortical thymic epithelial cells are retained. This is known as positive selection. Those that do not bind, die. Thus, T cells having a TCR that recognizes self MHC survive. 2. T cells with the ability to bind with high affinity ...
Bacterial Interactions with Host
Bacterial Interactions with Host

... – First line defense – Second line defense ...
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Immune system



The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.
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