Characterization of thymic hyperplasia associated with autoimmune
... muscle weakness caused by a defective transmission of nerve impulses to muscles. The defect is mediated by autoantibodies against components of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) on the postsynaptic membrane of striated skeletal muscles. Autoimmune MG must be distinguished from congenital MG, which ex ...
... muscle weakness caused by a defective transmission of nerve impulses to muscles. The defect is mediated by autoantibodies against components of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) on the postsynaptic membrane of striated skeletal muscles. Autoimmune MG must be distinguished from congenital MG, which ex ...
Mammary Gland Involution: Events, Regulation and
... Serotonin (5-HT) is a biogenic monoamine synthesized locally by MECs in the mouse, bovine and human mammary glands (Figure 4A) [13, 14]. It has classically been studied as a neurotransmitter, and its synthesis is catalyzed by two separate genes, one of which is exclusively neuronal [tryptophan hydro ...
... Serotonin (5-HT) is a biogenic monoamine synthesized locally by MECs in the mouse, bovine and human mammary glands (Figure 4A) [13, 14]. It has classically been studied as a neurotransmitter, and its synthesis is catalyzed by two separate genes, one of which is exclusively neuronal [tryptophan hydro ...
FUNCTIONAL AMINO ACIDS AND INTESTINAL IMMUNE
... effect of glutamine (4.4%) on intestinal barrier function in E. coli infected piglets and found that glutamine attenuated catabolism, suppressed inflammation and cytokine release, and maintained tight junction protein expression and epithelial barrier function [24]. Similarly, Yi et al. [25] found t ...
... effect of glutamine (4.4%) on intestinal barrier function in E. coli infected piglets and found that glutamine attenuated catabolism, suppressed inflammation and cytokine release, and maintained tight junction protein expression and epithelial barrier function [24]. Similarly, Yi et al. [25] found t ...
A-type CpG ODN with higher binding affinity to LvToll1 could
... antiviral immunity has also been reported in Pacific white shrimp L. vannamei, which is similar to the IFN system in mammals (Wang et al., 2013; Li et al., 2015). In shrimp L. vannamei, the LvVago4 gene is considered to be a cytokine functionally similar to IFN, which could restricts virus infection ...
... antiviral immunity has also been reported in Pacific white shrimp L. vannamei, which is similar to the IFN system in mammals (Wang et al., 2013; Li et al., 2015). In shrimp L. vannamei, the LvVago4 gene is considered to be a cytokine functionally similar to IFN, which could restricts virus infection ...
Biological Inventions
... carry out the invention. For example, if a large amount of trials and errors or complicated experimentation are needed to find a way of carrying out the invention beyond the reasonable extent that can be expected from a person skilled in the art who is supposed to have ordinary skill, the detailed ...
... carry out the invention. For example, if a large amount of trials and errors or complicated experimentation are needed to find a way of carrying out the invention beyond the reasonable extent that can be expected from a person skilled in the art who is supposed to have ordinary skill, the detailed ...
Probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus and
... Coaggregation abilities of L. acidophilus LAFTI L10, L. paracasei LAFTI L26, B. lactis LAFTI B94, B. lactis Bb12, B. infantis ASCC 1912 and L. acidophilus ASCC 2400. Effect of A) L. acidophilus L10 and B) L. paracasei L26 on immunoglobulin (Ig)-A producing cells in the small intestine of mice. Effec ...
... Coaggregation abilities of L. acidophilus LAFTI L10, L. paracasei LAFTI L26, B. lactis LAFTI B94, B. lactis Bb12, B. infantis ASCC 1912 and L. acidophilus ASCC 2400. Effect of A) L. acidophilus L10 and B) L. paracasei L26 on immunoglobulin (Ig)-A producing cells in the small intestine of mice. Effec ...
Biological Inventions
... A process for producing a monoclonal antibody should be described by stating means for obtaining or producing immunogen, a method for immunization, a process for selectively obtaining antibody producing cells, or means for identification of the monoclonal antibody, etc. (vi) Deposit of microorganism ...
... A process for producing a monoclonal antibody should be described by stating means for obtaining or producing immunogen, a method for immunization, a process for selectively obtaining antibody producing cells, or means for identification of the monoclonal antibody, etc. (vi) Deposit of microorganism ...
Thiol-Reactive Metal Compounds Inhibit NF
... IKK␣ and IKK by directly phosphorylating them or by acting as regulatory and scaffold proteins that control enzyme activity or aid association of various IKK components (18 –21). Gold compounds, comprised of elemental Au(I) and a sulfurcontaining ligand, have been used for the treatment of RA, indu ...
... IKK␣ and IKK by directly phosphorylating them or by acting as regulatory and scaffold proteins that control enzyme activity or aid association of various IKK components (18 –21). Gold compounds, comprised of elemental Au(I) and a sulfurcontaining ligand, have been used for the treatment of RA, indu ...
Food Allergies: The Basics
... allergic sensitization vs tolerance in the intestine. Tolerance can be mediated by antigen presentation by dendritic cells, which interact with C-type lectin receptors54; dendritic cell–bound IgE can down-regulate allergic inflammation at mucosal sites.55 Children with an egg allergy were reported to ...
... allergic sensitization vs tolerance in the intestine. Tolerance can be mediated by antigen presentation by dendritic cells, which interact with C-type lectin receptors54; dendritic cell–bound IgE can down-regulate allergic inflammation at mucosal sites.55 Children with an egg allergy were reported to ...
View PDF - OMICS International
... tissues, whereas TEM8 is highly expressed on macrophages, endothelial cells and tumor cells [16]. A furin-like protease [17] cleaves 20 kDa from PA83 to yield PA63, thus activating it. The PA63 forms a heptamer [18] to expose binding sites for three edema factor (EF) or lethal factor (LF), both A to ...
... tissues, whereas TEM8 is highly expressed on macrophages, endothelial cells and tumor cells [16]. A furin-like protease [17] cleaves 20 kDa from PA83 to yield PA63, thus activating it. The PA63 forms a heptamer [18] to expose binding sites for three edema factor (EF) or lethal factor (LF), both A to ...
Multiple Functions of the New Cytokine
... The TSLP forms can be produced by a number of cell types, including epithelial and dendritic cells (DCs). lfTSLP can activate mast cells, DCs, and T cells through binding to the lfTSLP receptor (TSLPR) and has a pro-inflammatory function. In contrast, sfTSLP inhibits cytokine secretion of DCs, but t ...
... The TSLP forms can be produced by a number of cell types, including epithelial and dendritic cells (DCs). lfTSLP can activate mast cells, DCs, and T cells through binding to the lfTSLP receptor (TSLPR) and has a pro-inflammatory function. In contrast, sfTSLP inhibits cytokine secretion of DCs, but t ...
VitaminDWiki
... • Addi0onally, 1,25D3 ac0vates the Th2 an0body producing lymphocytes, that through ac0ve feedback signaling turn down the Th1 lymphocytes balancing the response. • All arms of the immune system, Th1, Th2 and Th17, may be up‐regulated if vitamin D deficiency is present The paradoxical effects o ...
... • Addi0onally, 1,25D3 ac0vates the Th2 an0body producing lymphocytes, that through ac0ve feedback signaling turn down the Th1 lymphocytes balancing the response. • All arms of the immune system, Th1, Th2 and Th17, may be up‐regulated if vitamin D deficiency is present The paradoxical effects o ...
Ketamine and Peripheral Inflammation
... inflammatory stimulus. Second, its regulatory action is more pronounced when this drug is administered before the inflammatory challenge [36]. This is of particular interest knowing that ketamine is mostly given at the induction of anesthesia before surgery. Early experimental studies have mainly fo ...
... inflammatory stimulus. Second, its regulatory action is more pronounced when this drug is administered before the inflammatory challenge [36]. This is of particular interest knowing that ketamine is mostly given at the induction of anesthesia before surgery. Early experimental studies have mainly fo ...
CXCL10 Inhibits Viral Replication Through Recruitment of Natural
... Abstract—Coxsackievirus (CV)B3 is the primary cause of viral myocarditis. We previously observed CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) upregulation in the myocardium early in infection. However, the impact of CXCL10 in CVB3-induced myocarditis is unknown. Using isolated primary mouse cardiomyocytes we de ...
... Abstract—Coxsackievirus (CV)B3 is the primary cause of viral myocarditis. We previously observed CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) upregulation in the myocardium early in infection. However, the impact of CXCL10 in CVB3-induced myocarditis is unknown. Using isolated primary mouse cardiomyocytes we de ...
LMP1 signaling can replace CD40 signaling in B cells in vivo and
... Figure 1. Generation of a transgenic mouse line conditionally expressing CD40/LMP1. (A) Schematic representation of the chimeric protein CD40/LMP1. The N-terminal 215 amino acids (aa’s) of CD40 (receptor binding and transmembrane domain) were fused to the COOH-terminal 200 aa’s of LMP1 (cytoplasmic ...
... Figure 1. Generation of a transgenic mouse line conditionally expressing CD40/LMP1. (A) Schematic representation of the chimeric protein CD40/LMP1. The N-terminal 215 amino acids (aa’s) of CD40 (receptor binding and transmembrane domain) were fused to the COOH-terminal 200 aa’s of LMP1 (cytoplasmic ...
Antimicrobial peptides in lung transplant recipients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome
... Their release is stimulated by inflammatory cytokines and microbial products and they act directly as endogenous antibiotics against a range of microorganisms [14–16]. The AMPs also modulate inflammation and immunity and influence repair processes. They have chemotactic activity for neutrophils, eos ...
... Their release is stimulated by inflammatory cytokines and microbial products and they act directly as endogenous antibiotics against a range of microorganisms [14–16]. The AMPs also modulate inflammation and immunity and influence repair processes. They have chemotactic activity for neutrophils, eos ...
Humoral and cellular immune responses to Helicobacter
... findings have emphasized the importance of the adherence factors for the induction of gastric inflammation, ulcer disease, and also gastric adenocarcinoma. It has been found that bacterial colonization densities are of great importance for the degree of mucosal inflammation and damage, (10, 56, 151) ...
... findings have emphasized the importance of the adherence factors for the induction of gastric inflammation, ulcer disease, and also gastric adenocarcinoma. It has been found that bacterial colonization densities are of great importance for the degree of mucosal inflammation and damage, (10, 56, 151) ...
Is lipid signaling through cannabinoid 2 receptors part of a protective
... [10,40–43]. While there is considerable evidence suggesting that targeting TRPV1 receptors has strong therapeutic rational in pain and multiple other disorders [44,45], and recent studies provide support for anandamide being a potential physiological agonist in the brain at these receptors [46–48], ...
... [10,40–43]. While there is considerable evidence suggesting that targeting TRPV1 receptors has strong therapeutic rational in pain and multiple other disorders [44,45], and recent studies provide support for anandamide being a potential physiological agonist in the brain at these receptors [46–48], ...
Title: A longitudinal study of BCG vaccination: dynamics
... In comparison with pre vaccination time point (T0), IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-13 responses to PPD increased after BCG vaccination at 5 months of age (p<0.001 for ...
... In comparison with pre vaccination time point (T0), IFN-γ, IL-5 and IL-13 responses to PPD increased after BCG vaccination at 5 months of age (p<0.001 for ...
The Role of Complement in Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in
... underlying the loss of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma, I have examined the role of complement in retinal ganglion cell loss. Complement is a network of cross-reacting serine proteases which form part of the humoral immune system and are primarily responsible for clearance of apoptotic cells and ...
... underlying the loss of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma, I have examined the role of complement in retinal ganglion cell loss. Complement is a network of cross-reacting serine proteases which form part of the humoral immune system and are primarily responsible for clearance of apoptotic cells and ...
the role of intestinal epithelial cells and the regulation
... The mammalian intestine harbors an estimated 100 trillion microorganisms, which normally maintain a mutually beneficial relationship with the host. The intestinal epithelium consists of a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that provides a physical barrier as well as innate immune def ...
... The mammalian intestine harbors an estimated 100 trillion microorganisms, which normally maintain a mutually beneficial relationship with the host. The intestinal epithelium consists of a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that provides a physical barrier as well as innate immune def ...
Print - Circulation Research
... in DCs and promote DC activation, causing DCs to express co-stimulatory molecules, produce cytokines and stimulate T cell proliferation.7 We performed additional studies using flow cytometry to detect intracellular isoketal-protein adducts in sham-operated and renal denervation mice. As we previousl ...
... in DCs and promote DC activation, causing DCs to express co-stimulatory molecules, produce cytokines and stimulate T cell proliferation.7 We performed additional studies using flow cytometry to detect intracellular isoketal-protein adducts in sham-operated and renal denervation mice. As we previousl ...
Linköping University Post Print Induction of apoptosis in human neutrophils by
... PMNs requires Mtb-cell contact but not phagocytosis of Mtb, we explored if certain surfaceexpressed bacterial determinants were involved in the apoptosis induced by this pathogen. Since purified 19 kDa lipoprotein from Mtb can activate and prime human PMNs [18], we investigated whether a lspA-/- Mtb ...
... PMNs requires Mtb-cell contact but not phagocytosis of Mtb, we explored if certain surfaceexpressed bacterial determinants were involved in the apoptosis induced by this pathogen. Since purified 19 kDa lipoprotein from Mtb can activate and prime human PMNs [18], we investigated whether a lspA-/- Mtb ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.