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Cellular Biology
Cellular Biology

... Glycoproteins on the surface of all human cells (except RBCs)  Also referred to as human leukocyte antigens (HLAs)  Dendritic cells – antigen presenting leukocyte found in mucosa and lymphoid tissues that initiate a primary immune response. ...
BIOL260
BIOL260

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nonspecific defense

...  Activate B plasma cells with receptor  Cytotoxic T cells (recognize Class I MHC) ...
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... killer cells attack foreign cells and infected cells of the body (puncture membranes of target cells) ...
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Lymphatic System

... particular T cell programmed to react with the antigen becomes activated – Macrophages phagocytize the antigen – Macrophages present it to the T cell ...
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The Characterization of Myeloid Cell Subsets in Innate and Adaptive

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84. Which of the following describes an adjuvant correctly? A An

... 87. In which of the following situations might a fetus be at risk from Rhesus antibodies produced by the mother? ...
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Immunity and Vaccinations

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1.8mb ppt - UCLA.edu

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... Recognizes the γ/δ T-cell receptor (TCR). This receptor complex consists of two disulfide-linked glycoproteins, a γ chain (45-60 kDa) and a δ subunit (40-60 kDa). γ/δ TCR is expressed in less than 10% of human peripheral T cells. The physiological significance of γ/δ+ T cells is still unknown. There ...
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... The Clonal Selection Theory of Antibody Formation: • Great number of antigens can be fought (mouse can form antibodies against 10 million different antigens!). • Each person has a large # of B lymphocytes, each only able to synthesize one type of antibody (on its surface). • When an antigen is intr ...
The Immune Response - Point Pleasant Beach School District
The Immune Response - Point Pleasant Beach School District

... The Clonal Selection Theory of Antibody Formation: • Great number of antigens can be fought (mouse can form antibodies against 10 million different antigens!). • Each person has a large # of B lymphocytes, each only able to synthesize one type of antibody (on its surface). • When an antigen is intr ...
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Polyclonal B cell response



Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
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