• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Autoimmunity
Autoimmunity

... The actual damage in lupus is done by the accumulation of immune complex, the combination of antibody and antigen Macrophages usually clean up the mess, but because the alien cells are the body’s own, the supply is essentially unlimited, and eventually the macrophages can’t eat fast enough to ...
Blood Cells Flashcards
Blood Cells Flashcards

... infections, and during these conditions, their numbers increase. 12. What are MONOCYTES called when they leave the circulation and enter the tissues? 13. Which WBCs phagocytize bacteria? 14. Do monocytes and neutrophils kill viruses? 15. What WBC kills viruses? 16. What WBC acts against a specific f ...
Type III Hypersensitivity - Dow University of Health Sciences
Type III Hypersensitivity - Dow University of Health Sciences

... complex with skin proteins and this complex is then internalized by antigen presenting cells, processed and presented with Class II MHC molecules which are recognized by appropriate TH1 cells and which are now “sensitized” to pentadecacatechol Subsequent exposure to pentadecacatechol will activate t ...
Document
Document

... a. Lymphatic system is a parallel system to the blood system. Leakge of plasma from capillaries is taken up by lymphatic capillaries and becomes lymph. Ag and immune cells are in lymph. Muscle contraction moves lymph in only one direction. The afferent lymphatic vessel leads to the lymph node and th ...
Immune Troops! Move In! - Super Teacher Worksheets
Immune Troops! Move In! - Super Teacher Worksheets

... jobs is to gobble up and digest antigens. They are always swimming around in your blood stream, always on the lookout for antigens. And when they see one, GULP! Lymphocytes are also white blood cells and the main types are B cells, T helper cells, and T killer cells. Many antigens can be very sneaky ...
basic immunology - School of Physical Sciences
basic immunology - School of Physical Sciences

Classifying Nature
Classifying Nature

... envelope, ER, Golgi, Lysosomes and Vesicles, these organelles all work together to make protein sorting and protein secretion possible. ...
Maintenance of immunological memory: a role for CD5 + B cells?
Maintenance of immunological memory: a role for CD5 + B cells?

... select virgin resting B cells or pre-B cells, which daily emerge in adult bone marrow (see Fig. 1, arrow 6). In contrast to anti-idiotypic CD5 + B cells, which are operative in the development of repertoires during ontogeny 41,42, anti-idiotypic memory-retaining CD5 + B cells will select for specif ...
5th seminar - lymphoid organs, lymphocyte
5th seminar - lymphoid organs, lymphocyte

Chapter 19 Disorders Associated with the Immune System
Chapter 19 Disorders Associated with the Immune System

... The cornea and brain are examples of privileged sites; antibodies do not circulate to these regions. Privileged tissue, such as pig heart valves, is not antigenic and does not stimulate an immune response. A development that promises to transform transplantation medicine is the use of stem cells. Th ...
Document
Document

... a. Lymphatic system is a parallel system to the blood system. Leakage of plasma from capillaries is taken up by lymphatic capillaries and becomes lymph. Ag and immune cells are in lymph. Muscle contraction moves lymph in only one direction. The afferent lymphatic vessel leads to the lymph node and t ...
Exam 3 Review
Exam 3 Review

... Gluconeogenesis – synthesis of glucose from lactic acid and noncarbohydrates Glycogenolysis – breakdown of glycogen to glucose Half life – the time required for a hormone’s blood level to decrease by half Homeostasis – The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions, usuall ...
Chapter 9: Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies
Chapter 9: Immunity Mediated by B Cells and Antibodies

Immune Response to Infectious Diseases Objective Questions 1
Immune Response to Infectious Diseases Objective Questions 1

... Immune Response to Infectious Diseases Objective Questions 1. What are the major groups of pathogens? Provide examples of diseases caused by each of the groups. 2. In general, why are infectious diseases such a huge problem world wide? 3. What is the basic structure of a virus? 4. Explain the viral ...
T cells - edl.io
T cells - edl.io

... Fluid and salts enter susceptible cells through the membrane attack complex. fluids and salts ...
Mechanosensing in T Lymphocyte Activation Edward Judokusumo, Erdem Tabdanov, Sudha Kumari,
Mechanosensing in T Lymphocyte Activation Edward Judokusumo, Erdem Tabdanov, Sudha Kumari,

... Cells have the remarkable ability to respond to the mechanical rigidity of the extracellular environment. This has been explored predominantly in anchorage-dependent cells and the specific context of integrin- and cadherin-based adhesion. As a complementary system, we demonstrate here mechanosensing ...
Development of Mouse Hybridomas by Fusion of Myeloma Cells
Development of Mouse Hybridomas by Fusion of Myeloma Cells

... and bone marrow and we found a higher yield of antigen specific antibody producing hybridoma lines when the lymph nodes were used. ...
Composition of Blood
Composition of Blood

... People with Type A blood make antibodies to Type B RBCs, but not to Type A Type B blood has antibodies to Type A RBCs but not to Type B Type AB blood doesn’t have antibodies to A or B Type O has antibodies to both Type A & B If different blood types are mixed, antibodies will cause mixture to agglut ...
Multiple Choice:
Multiple Choice:

Tumor antigens
Tumor antigens

diffusion
diffusion

... Vesicle Transport Vesicles allow for transportation of large molecules or large numbers of molecules  Exocytosis: vesicle moves to the cell surface and fuses with the plasma membrane spilling its contents out of the cell  Endocytosis: a vesicle forms as an indentation on the plasma membrane and e ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... • belongs to basic homeostatic mechanisms of organism • Its function is maintaining the integrity of organism by recognition of harmful from harmless, and by this way it protects organism against injurious matter of external and internal origin. ...
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hypersensitivity Reactions

... It is responsible for mediating immune reaction in case of;  Defence against variety of intracellular persistent or non-degradable antigens, such as tubercle bacilli.  pathogens, including mycobacteria, fungi, and certain parasites,  It may also be involved in transplant rejection.  Tumour immun ...
of cells
of cells

2000 - Wsfcs
2000 - Wsfcs

... b. Describe the events that occur during period II following a second exposure to the same antigen. c. Explain how infection by the AIDS virus (HIV) affects the function of both T and B lymphocytes. ...
< 1 ... 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 ... 611 >

Polyclonal B cell response



Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report