MHC molecules, antigen presentation
... The antigen presentation process is not selective. It presents peptides from any protein in the cell (self/non-self), regardless whether it is derived from a pathogen or not. Based on the displayed peptides T cells will decide whether there is any danger or infection of the antigen presenting cell. ...
... The antigen presentation process is not selective. It presents peptides from any protein in the cell (self/non-self), regardless whether it is derived from a pathogen or not. Based on the displayed peptides T cells will decide whether there is any danger or infection of the antigen presenting cell. ...
G:\CLASSES\BI 205\Biol205_S10\exams\Final_S10.wpd
... (6 points) The citric acid cycle generates NADH+H+ and FADH2, which are then used in the process of oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP. If the citric acid cycle (which does not use oxygen) and oxphos are separate processes, as they are, then why is it that the citric acid cycle stops almost immed ...
... (6 points) The citric acid cycle generates NADH+H+ and FADH2, which are then used in the process of oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP. If the citric acid cycle (which does not use oxygen) and oxphos are separate processes, as they are, then why is it that the citric acid cycle stops almost immed ...
immune formula
... cancerous cells. Conversely, when the immune system is suppressed the body’s ability to prevent illness is hindered. This can create a variety of health problems, ranging from allergies and infections to cancer. When a foreign substance is identified by the immune system an immune response is trigger ...
... cancerous cells. Conversely, when the immune system is suppressed the body’s ability to prevent illness is hindered. This can create a variety of health problems, ranging from allergies and infections to cancer. When a foreign substance is identified by the immune system an immune response is trigger ...
gp allergy 310713
... Allergy – a hypersensitivity reaction Type I – IgE mediated Type II – immune complex – antigen membrane bound Type III – immune complex – antigen “circulating” Type IV – cell (T) mediated ...
... Allergy – a hypersensitivity reaction Type I – IgE mediated Type II – immune complex – antigen membrane bound Type III – immune complex – antigen “circulating” Type IV – cell (T) mediated ...
Blood
... – Remove bacteria and dead cells from circulatory fluid – Can get swollen when you are fighting an infection ...
... – Remove bacteria and dead cells from circulatory fluid – Can get swollen when you are fighting an infection ...
Document
... • Capture antigens and take them to the “correct” anatomic site – Antigens are concentrated in peripheral lymphoid organs, through which naïve lymphocytes circulate ...
... • Capture antigens and take them to the “correct” anatomic site – Antigens are concentrated in peripheral lymphoid organs, through which naïve lymphocytes circulate ...
The hygiene hypothesis revisited
... necessity of interaction with microorganisms stems from the be transformed into an autoimmune or allergic process under usefulness of microbial activities per se rather than immune changed conditions, although the specific mechanisms of this stimulation [1]. For example, the normal intestinal microf ...
... necessity of interaction with microorganisms stems from the be transformed into an autoimmune or allergic process under usefulness of microbial activities per se rather than immune changed conditions, although the specific mechanisms of this stimulation [1]. For example, the normal intestinal microf ...
Intended Learner Outcomes
... 2.1.19 Identify the four ABO blood types with their antigen and antibody components. 2.1.20 Explain the importance of typing and cross-matching blood samples from the donor and the recipient before a transfusion is performed. 2.1.21 List the matches of donor and recipient ABO blood types that would ...
... 2.1.19 Identify the four ABO blood types with their antigen and antibody components. 2.1.20 Explain the importance of typing and cross-matching blood samples from the donor and the recipient before a transfusion is performed. 2.1.21 List the matches of donor and recipient ABO blood types that would ...
Document
... The epitope polypeptide sequence of HLADBR1 (or DBR4) is similar to that of EBV and E-coli ...
... The epitope polypeptide sequence of HLADBR1 (or DBR4) is similar to that of EBV and E-coli ...
Cell Structure
... make their own food and therefore must live in or on other organisms FYI: one of the oldest and most ...
... make their own food and therefore must live in or on other organisms FYI: one of the oldest and most ...
Androgen Receptor Localization in the Haplochromis burtoni
... eggs. This will let us observe if the yolk (IgY) antibody has a greater (more selective) binding affinity than the serum primary Ab that we have been using thus far. Let’s keep our fingers crossed…… ...
... eggs. This will let us observe if the yolk (IgY) antibody has a greater (more selective) binding affinity than the serum primary Ab that we have been using thus far. Let’s keep our fingers crossed…… ...
POWERPOINT JEOPARDY
... A macrophage comes in contact with a pathogen and consumes it, breaking it into pieces, and presenting the antigen while releasing interleukin 1. IL1 attracts Helper T cells that receive the antigen and then call in other immune cells using IL2. B and T lymphocytes respond to IL2 and become programm ...
... A macrophage comes in contact with a pathogen and consumes it, breaking it into pieces, and presenting the antigen while releasing interleukin 1. IL1 attracts Helper T cells that receive the antigen and then call in other immune cells using IL2. B and T lymphocytes respond to IL2 and become programm ...
Blood Cell Worksheet
... 16. Name this WBC. 17. How many granules are visible in the cytoplasm of this cell? 18. When would you expect the # of these WBCs in the plasma to rise? 19. What % of circulating WBCs do these cells comprise? ...
... 16. Name this WBC. 17. How many granules are visible in the cytoplasm of this cell? 18. When would you expect the # of these WBCs in the plasma to rise? 19. What % of circulating WBCs do these cells comprise? ...
Anatomy of the Brain (seizures)
... The drug had been developed by Laboratoires Rhone-Poulenc in 1950 but they sold the rights in 1952 to Smith-Kline & French (today's GlaxoSmithKline). The drug was being sold as an antiemetic when its other use was noted. Smith-Kline was quick to encourage clinical trials and in 1954 the drug was app ...
... The drug had been developed by Laboratoires Rhone-Poulenc in 1950 but they sold the rights in 1952 to Smith-Kline & French (today's GlaxoSmithKline). The drug was being sold as an antiemetic when its other use was noted. Smith-Kline was quick to encourage clinical trials and in 1954 the drug was app ...
Autoimmune diseases
... CD4+ helper T cells specific for nucleosomal antigens also escape tolerance and contribute to the production of high-affinity pathogenic autoantibodies. The autoantibodies in SLE show characteristics of T cell-dependent antibodies produced in germinal centers, and increased numbers of follicular hel ...
... CD4+ helper T cells specific for nucleosomal antigens also escape tolerance and contribute to the production of high-affinity pathogenic autoantibodies. The autoantibodies in SLE show characteristics of T cell-dependent antibodies produced in germinal centers, and increased numbers of follicular hel ...
Cell membrane worksheet
... Cell membranes are not rigid like an eggshell. Rather; they are fluid like a soap bubble. The fluidity of the cell membranes is caused by lipids, which form the foundation of membranes. The lipids form a barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell. This selective perme ...
... Cell membranes are not rigid like an eggshell. Rather; they are fluid like a soap bubble. The fluidity of the cell membranes is caused by lipids, which form the foundation of membranes. The lipids form a barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell. This selective perme ...
1. dia
... Patients are unable to transform IgM to IgG, IgA and IgE. Therefore there are decreased IgG and IgA levels with normal or increased IgM levels. ...
... Patients are unable to transform IgM to IgG, IgA and IgE. Therefore there are decreased IgG and IgA levels with normal or increased IgM levels. ...
Detecting and responding
... exposed to red light the enzyme is able to catalyse a number of reactions within the cell, leading to altered transcription of genes in the nucleus, or activation of proteins already in the cell ...
... exposed to red light the enzyme is able to catalyse a number of reactions within the cell, leading to altered transcription of genes in the nucleus, or activation of proteins already in the cell ...
Document
... In the process of going from G0 and entering into the cell cycle and proliferation, you have many things occur. You have changes in gene transcription, changes in the synthesis of proteins, so these are very early events that prepare the cell to enter G1 and progress to the cycle cell. The second im ...
... In the process of going from G0 and entering into the cell cycle and proliferation, you have many things occur. You have changes in gene transcription, changes in the synthesis of proteins, so these are very early events that prepare the cell to enter G1 and progress to the cycle cell. The second im ...
Nerve activates contraction
... • Interferon limits cell-to-cell spread of viruses, helping to control viral infection. • Because they are nonspecific, interferons produced in response to one virus may confer short-term resistance to unrelated viruses. • One type of interferon activates phagocytes. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Educati ...
... • Interferon limits cell-to-cell spread of viruses, helping to control viral infection. • Because they are nonspecific, interferons produced in response to one virus may confer short-term resistance to unrelated viruses. • One type of interferon activates phagocytes. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Educati ...
40. Lymphatics System
... A B cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen This antigen/antibody complex is taken up by the B cell and processed by proteolysis into peptides (small pieces) As the activated B cell then begins to divide (“clonal expansion”), its offspring secrete ...
... A B cell identifies pathogens when antibodies on its surface bind to a specific foreign antigen This antigen/antibody complex is taken up by the B cell and processed by proteolysis into peptides (small pieces) As the activated B cell then begins to divide (“clonal expansion”), its offspring secrete ...
MICR 130 Chapter 16
... Interfere with viral multiplication Effective against many different types of viruses Protect uninfected cells by causing them to produce “antiviral proteins” (AVP) Enzymes that inhibit synthesis of viral particles Effective for short time only High levels toxic to heart, liver, kidneys, ...
... Interfere with viral multiplication Effective against many different types of viruses Protect uninfected cells by causing them to produce “antiviral proteins” (AVP) Enzymes that inhibit synthesis of viral particles Effective for short time only High levels toxic to heart, liver, kidneys, ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.