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PDF - International Journal of Medical Sciences
PDF - International Journal of Medical Sciences

... host-pathogen co-evolution. Human T-cell epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) were evolutionarily hyperconserved and thus it was deduced that M. tuberculosis lacks antigenic variation and immune evasion. However, in our previous studies, proteins MPT64, PstS1, Rv0309 and Rv2945c ...
What`s New in Sports Nutrition?
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Review PowerPoint
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... The immune system (immun/o) is there to protect the entire body from a variety of harmful substances such as bacteria, viruses, toxins, malignant cells, etc. Unlike other body systems the immune system is not contained within a single set of organs or vessels. The immune system depends on structures ...
A generalized quantitative antibody homeostasis model
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... body, reaching various tissues and organs via the blood and the lymphatics. B cells are defined by their  ability to rearrange the genetic loci coding the surface immunoglobulin (Ig) of the B‐cell antigen receptor  (BCR) complex and by their ability to secrete antibodies in later stages of their dev ...
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Chapter 10 Lymphatic and Immune Systems Chapter Objectives

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tumors of neuroectodermal origin? antibody therapy: a possible
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... Larousserie, F., P. Charlot, E. Bardel, J. Froger, R. A. Kastelein, and O. Devergne. 2006. Differential effects of IL-27 on human B cell subsets. J. Immunol.176: 5890 –5897. At the bottom of Figure 1, the legends of the two graphs for “CD38 separation” are reversed: “IgD⫺CD38⫹ GC B cells” should be ...
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GVMA Paper – June 2004 Meeting

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Slides - View the full AIDS 2016 programme

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Open Information Day 2011
Open Information Day 2011

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Tried and tested: From smallpox to measles
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Appendices Sample - Essentials Education

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Polyclonal B cell response



Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
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