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European Respiratory Society Annual Congress 2013
European Respiratory Society Annual Congress 2013

... Body: Virus-induced exacerbations of asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis (CF) have recently been linked to an impaired innate immune response in epithelial cells. The impaired response to viral infection is characterized by reduced interferon production and increased viral replication. However, the und ...
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... vasopressin (AVP) both are chains of amino acids also called peptides Indirect control occurs in the anterior pituitary—messages stop at the median eminence and release releasing factors examples: GH and GHRH; FSH and FSHRH; they are also peptides (hormones in body) ...
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From the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical
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radioimmunoassay - OldForensics 2012-2013

... •Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a very sentive technique to measure amounts of antigen by the use of antibodies. •The RIA technique requires very specific and special equpitment, but to this day remains one of the cheapest methods of performing the test. •Lately it has been replaced by the ELISA method w ...
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Polyclonal B cell response



Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.
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