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Slide 1
Slide 1

... normal and necessary proteins. If one of these genes &, therefore, proteins is mutated, it can become an oncogene (and cause cancer). How? When a protooncogene becomes activated, it will now modify & activate the next proto-oncogene in the sequence. All downstream proteins now become activated and c ...
File - Sheffield Peer Teaching Society
File - Sheffield Peer Teaching Society

... Cellular component ...
Maryland Company Concocts Cancer-fighting Kit
Maryland Company Concocts Cancer-fighting Kit

... growth factor present in about 80 percent of breast cancer patients, according to the company. If a patient tests positive for GP88, doctors will be able to make better decisions about treatment, explained Michael Keefe, vice president of business development for A&G. The finding may be particularly ...
Specific Host Defense IMMUNOLOGY
Specific Host Defense IMMUNOLOGY

... • L chain located at the top of the Y • The tops of both H & L are the Antigenbinding sites (Fab) - Bivalent in which a.a. sequences are variable (VH, VL) • The sequences of the rest: Constant (Fc) ...
A1984SW52500002
A1984SW52500002

... the publication of this paper, the presence of surface Ig has been the defining characteristic of B cells. Although not often cited in this regard, the paper also raised the possibility for the first time that T cell receptors for antigen may not be classical antibody molecules. This began a prolong ...
To the principal Azra naheed Medical college Lahore
To the principal Azra naheed Medical college Lahore

... . Exogenous Ags ( Dust, pollens, foods, drugs, Microbes, chemicals) . Immune response due to Ag & Ab interaction . Examples ( Skin rash, Asthma, SLE, Hemolytic anemia, Transplant rejection) ...
final exam of medical immunology
final exam of medical immunology

... 20. All of the following are true about delayed-type hypersensitivity except… A. is mediated by T lymphocytes. B. includes contact sensitivity. C. includes the tuberculin reaction. D. includes Farmer’s lung. 21. Live vaccines are dangerous to the following people except… A. a pregnant woman. B. Tee ...
press release
press release

... immunogenic. Dendritic cells (DC) are key mediators in determining the strength of the immune response to an antigen. Immutep's first two technologies provide solutions to the problem of insufficient immunogenicity by dramatically increasing the efficiency of DC as antigen presenting cells. Immutep' ...
The Immune system
The Immune system

... Secondary Immune Response ...
Monoclonal antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies

... ADCC is the least understood of the three mechanisms, it is mediated by either NK cells or CTL. The action of ADCC is dependant on the recognition of the objective cell by antibodies attached on the surface of the effector cell (terminally differentiated leukocyte). This process is part of the adapt ...
Emotional Behaviors
Emotional Behaviors

... • Patrol blood and other body fluids for invaders • Identifies antigens on intruders and signal attack from immune system – Macrophage • Surrounds intruder, digests it, and exposes its antigens on its own surface ...
- SGTB Khalsa College
- SGTB Khalsa College

... cells, substances and processes involved in endogenous or cytosolic pathway of antigen presentation Understanding of the cells, substances... .... and processes involved in exogenous or endocytic pathway of antigen presentation. Summary of chapter and linkage with concepts learnt earlier ...
Lecture exam #2 review guide: covered chapters 17, 22, 23
Lecture exam #2 review guide: covered chapters 17, 22, 23

... APC (antigen presenting cells) - Dendritic cells and some macrophages. Type II MHC displays antigen to activate T cells. T-cells must be activated by APCs along with cytokines (safety) ▫ Plot out the “training” of a T-cell. Where does this occur? How must antigen be presented? What tests must a T-ce ...
PFIZER’S CENTERS FOR THERAPEUTIC INNOVATION (CTI) CTI:
PFIZER’S CENTERS FOR THERAPEUTIC INNOVATION (CTI) CTI:

... either harness the immune system for tumor eradication or, conversely, targeted therapies to provide selective immunosuppression or immunoregulation for autoimmune diseases ...
1. dia
1. dia

... granulomas…. They are called Aschoff bodies. However only 3% of all patients with untreated Streptococcal pharingytis develop rheumatic fever. Likely that genetic fctors contribute to the development of the disease !!! ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... – Hydrocholric acid from the stomach aids in digestion, but also kills many microorganisms found in food that could cause disease. ...
What causes an immune response and increase of
What causes an immune response and increase of

... • Viruses are nonliving particles of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat. They can only survive & reproduce in a host, change over time and attach to only 1 specific type of cell/receptor ...
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy

... Chmiel KD, Suan D, Liddle C, et al. Resolution of severe ipilimumab-induced hepatitis after antithymocyte globulin therapy. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:e237. Naidoo J, Wang X, Woo KM, et al. Pneumonitis in patients treated with anti-programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 therapy. J Clin Oncol 2016. ...
North America`s first tool users?
North America`s first tool users?

... system by developing a stroma — a shell of connective tissue enmeshed with white blood cells that suppress the immune response. Robert Vonderheide at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and his team now report a way to reverse this immune suppression. The authors studied ...
the body`s defenses
the body`s defenses

... The cells of the immune system can distinguish between different kinds of pathogens. The immune system cells react to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted to that pathogen ...
Name Student ID Oct 29,2015 Choose the BEST alternative. What
Name Student ID Oct 29,2015 Choose the BEST alternative. What

... c. Using the same J chain elements d. All of the above are true e. None of the above are true 8. Polyclonal stimulation of T cells can be accomplished with a. Anti-CD3 antibody b. Endotoxin c. Anti-idiotypic antibody d. Anti CD4 antibody e. Anti-CD8 antibody 9. Viral immunity in some cases (e.g. inf ...
International Business Times - UC Davis Biomedical Engineering
International Business Times - UC Davis Biomedical Engineering

... Currently, HIV testing is done with a process called flow cytometry. It involves counting the number of cells that have receptors for CD4, a protein involved in immune function that HIV uses to get into a patient's T-cells. The machines necessary to do these tests are usually tens of thousands of do ...
The immune response against dying tumor cells: avoid
The immune response against dying tumor cells: avoid

... elimination of the mutated cells. Second, the immune system recognizes transformed cells, based on the tumor-specific expression of abnormal (mutated or ectopic) molecules, as well as on the abnormal behavior of (pre-)neoplastic cells that respond to oncogenic stress. This implies that, in addition ...
Antibody response
Antibody response

The Lymphatic/Immune System
The Lymphatic/Immune System

... bone marrow. This spongy tissue is found in the center shafts of certain long, flat bones of the body. The cells most relevant for understanding vaccines are the lymphocytes, are close to one trillion. The two major classes of lymphocytes are B cells, which grow to maturity in the bone marrow, and T ...
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Cancer immunotherapy



Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.
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