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17 Unit 1 - Cloudfront.net
17 Unit 1 - Cloudfront.net

... • Slower, specific & has a memory Lymphocytes: T-cells & B-cells ...
Chapter 16
Chapter 16

... Cells – The basic unit of structure of all living things Most cells contain cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles & a nucleus. Tissue – a group of similar cells that perform a similar function Organ – Different tissues that all work together performing a specific job Examples: Heart, liver, brai ...
Chapter 16 Healthy Body Systems
Chapter 16 Healthy Body Systems

... Cells – The basic unit of structure of all living things Most cells contain cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles & a nucleus. Tissue – a group of similar cells that perform a similar function Organ – Different tissues that all work together performing a specific job Examples: Heart, liver, brai ...
Stress and the immune system
Stress and the immune system

...  They give antigens to other cells in the immune system to destroy them (B and T cells). ...
Name - Ltcconline.net
Name - Ltcconline.net

... 15. Which of the following is a correct statement about the cells of the human retina? A) Cone cells can detect color, but rod cells cannot. B) Cone cells are more sensitive to light than rod cells are. C) Cone cells, but not rod cells, have a visual pigment. D) Rod cells are most highly concentrat ...
The answers to the fill in the blanks can be found here
The answers to the fill in the blanks can be found here

Infectious Diseases
Infectious Diseases

Course of Immunology
Course of Immunology

... - in the digital form (doc form preffered) - has to be sent to: [email protected] ...
Chapter 8 Immune Organs
Chapter 8 Immune Organs

... The first line of defense against foreign antigen. The site of immune response. Participate in delayed hypresensitivity. ...
Biology 232
Biology 232

... normal bacterial fauna – inhibits bad microbes 2) phagocytes neutrophils and monocytes in blood macrophages – in tissues (derived from monocytes) 3) immunological surveillance – seeking out and destroying abnormal cells natural killer cells (nonspecific lymphocytes) wander throughout body and recogn ...
A1982PC81600001
A1982PC81600001

... that the spleen has all the necessary immunologic machinery), but transferred thymus cells plus antigen were inert. “The important experiment involved pure serendipity. We felt that the transferred thymus cells might be either too immature or too ‘sluggish’ to respond, so we gave the recipients thym ...
幻灯片 1
幻灯片 1

... TI-1 antigen: also named B cell mitogen 1. Contains B cell mitogen and repeated B epitopes 2. Can induce immature and mature B cell-mediate immune response 3. In high concentrations, can induce polyclonal B-cell activation 4. In lower concentrations, only the BCR-binding TI-1 antigens can activate ...
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... In addition, systemic effects of TNF and IL-1 may begin to be seen, including fever and increased synthesis of acute-phase reactants. ...
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Ch 6 Med Term and Ch 15 BS Lymphatic_ImmuneSystems

... – B Cells: most effective against viruses and bacteria that are circulating in the blood ...
Helping the Fight from Within: Immunotherapy in
Helping the Fight from Within: Immunotherapy in

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... • Helper T-cells have receptors for recognizing antigens. If they are presented with an antigen, they release cytokines to stimulate B-cell division. • The helper T-cell is the key cell to signal an immune response. If helper T-cells are disabled, as they are in people with AIDS, the immune system w ...
Nature of the Immune System The Immune Response
Nature of the Immune System The Immune Response

... antibody binding can be likened to a "lock and key". Antibodies of different degrees of specificity may be produced in the immune response to a given antigen.  "Poor fit" of an antigen with an antibody is in response to the antigen reacting with an antibody produced in response to an entirely diffe ...
Chapter 24
Chapter 24

... The adaptive immune response counters specific invaders Our immune system responds to foreign molecules called antigens, which elicit the adaptive immune response. The adaptive immune system is found only in the vertebrates, reacts to specific pathogens, and “remembers” an invader. Infection or vacc ...
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... life. In the eukaryotic vertebrate cell these functions are performed by various organelles within the cell. The cell membrane plays a role in the dynamic process of molecular movement in and out of the cell. At this level of organization we clearly see connections between the structure of the cell ...
Yannick Morias Human African trypanosomias (HAT), also
Yannick Morias Human African trypanosomias (HAT), also

... unicellular flagellated protozoan parasites belonging to the Trypanosoma genus. These parasites can also infect cattle and cause Nagana. During the whole course of infection, these parasites stay extracellular, exposing them to immune attacks by antibodies and microbicidal compounds released by myel ...
RH Factor
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... – If type A, will have anti-B antibodies that will attack – If type B, will have anti-A antibodies that will attack ...
Cancer Bioinformatics
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... compounds that are exposed selectively to light where they become toxic to targeted ...
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... Antigens & Antigenic Determinants (epitopes) ...
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MCDB 1030

... c) pneumonic plague – spread by coughing 5. What is a Type III secretion system? How does it contribute to virulence? A Type III secretion system is a protein complex that allows proteins to be injected from a bacterium through the membrane of a host cell. It contributes to virulence by manipulating ...
The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses

...  Humoral immunity = antibody-mediated immunity  Provided by antibodies present in body fluids  Cellular immunity = cell-mediated immunity  Targets virus-infected cells, cancer cells, and cells of foreign grafts  Antigens (nonself)  Any substance capable of exciting the immune system and provok ...
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Cancer immunotherapy



Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.
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