NUR127 Unit 1 Lecture 2 Immunology
... Cytolysis: Perforin protein is injected into the cell to cause it to “explode”. Granzymes: Cause the cell to self-destruct. Found in the spleen, red bone marrow, & lymph nodes. ...
... Cytolysis: Perforin protein is injected into the cell to cause it to “explode”. Granzymes: Cause the cell to self-destruct. Found in the spleen, red bone marrow, & lymph nodes. ...
tib3handout_me
... Group of approx. 30 serum proteins, main function is control of inflammation but also mediate phagocytosis and interact with antibodies – antibodies label, complement destroys Complement activation is a cascade reaction Inactive until becomes activated and cleaved by proteases 2 pathways: Classical ...
... Group of approx. 30 serum proteins, main function is control of inflammation but also mediate phagocytosis and interact with antibodies – antibodies label, complement destroys Complement activation is a cascade reaction Inactive until becomes activated and cleaved by proteases 2 pathways: Classical ...
Corporate Overview - Northwest Biotherapeutics
... DCVax-Direct Phase I/II Trial Design • 60-patient Proof of Concept “All Comers” Phase I/II Trial for all inoperable solid tumor cancers Phase I stage: 36 patients – safety, feasibility, dose-finding (Colon, breast cancer with brain metastases, liver, pancreas, melanoma & other/misc.) Phase II s ...
... DCVax-Direct Phase I/II Trial Design • 60-patient Proof of Concept “All Comers” Phase I/II Trial for all inoperable solid tumor cancers Phase I stage: 36 patients – safety, feasibility, dose-finding (Colon, breast cancer with brain metastases, liver, pancreas, melanoma & other/misc.) Phase II s ...
Leukemia
... Smoking and tobacco use Being exposed to large amounts of radiation Being exposed to certain chemicals in the workplace Past chemotherapy or radiation for another cancer. (This is rare, and not all chemotherapies raise your leukemia risk.) ...
... Smoking and tobacco use Being exposed to large amounts of radiation Being exposed to certain chemicals in the workplace Past chemotherapy or radiation for another cancer. (This is rare, and not all chemotherapies raise your leukemia risk.) ...
anatomy of the immune system
... body’s own cells that have become infected by viruses • they also attack potential cancer cells, often before they form tumors • they bind to cells using an antibody “bridge”, then kill it by secreting a chemical (perforin) that makes holes in the cell membrane of the target cell. With enough holes, ...
... body’s own cells that have become infected by viruses • they also attack potential cancer cells, often before they form tumors • they bind to cells using an antibody “bridge”, then kill it by secreting a chemical (perforin) that makes holes in the cell membrane of the target cell. With enough holes, ...
(b) activate the adaptive immune response
... A pathologic process consisting of a dynamic complex of histologically apparent cytologic changes, cellular infiltration, and mediator release that occurs in the affected blood vessels and adjacent tissues in response to an injury or abnormal stimulation caused by a physical, chemical, or biologic a ...
... A pathologic process consisting of a dynamic complex of histologically apparent cytologic changes, cellular infiltration, and mediator release that occurs in the affected blood vessels and adjacent tissues in response to an injury or abnormal stimulation caused by a physical, chemical, or biologic a ...
File - Pennington AP Biology
... Occasionally the reactions of the immune system are harmful: Instead of producing a desirable result, such as immunity to disease, the immune system may over-react, react to the wrong ...
... Occasionally the reactions of the immune system are harmful: Instead of producing a desirable result, such as immunity to disease, the immune system may over-react, react to the wrong ...
1. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response
... • activated CTLs express a protein called Fas-ligand when they encounter a cell presenting an MHC class I-peptide complex that binds their T cell receptor • Fas-ligand sets off a series of events that result in the destruction of the infected cell’s DNA and its proteins (i.e., cell death!) ...
... • activated CTLs express a protein called Fas-ligand when they encounter a cell presenting an MHC class I-peptide complex that binds their T cell receptor • Fas-ligand sets off a series of events that result in the destruction of the infected cell’s DNA and its proteins (i.e., cell death!) ...
Cytokines
... IgE, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils TH2 stimulation under the influence of IL-4 (mast cells and other APC stimulated by parasite) TH2 stimulate B cells with BCR-specific parasite antigens isotype switching under the influence of IL-4 to IgE IgE bind to FceRI on mast cells and basoph ...
... IgE, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils TH2 stimulation under the influence of IL-4 (mast cells and other APC stimulated by parasite) TH2 stimulate B cells with BCR-specific parasite antigens isotype switching under the influence of IL-4 to IgE IgE bind to FceRI on mast cells and basoph ...
09 Antibodies
... If an antibody molecule is treated with a proteolytic enzyme such as papain, peptide bonds in the "hinge" region are broken, producing two identical Fab fragments, which carry the antigen-binding sites, and one Fc fragment, which is involved in placenta! transfer, complement fixation, attachment si ...
... If an antibody molecule is treated with a proteolytic enzyme such as papain, peptide bonds in the "hinge" region are broken, producing two identical Fab fragments, which carry the antigen-binding sites, and one Fc fragment, which is involved in placenta! transfer, complement fixation, attachment si ...
Dendritic cells
... they are self or ‘non-self’. • Apoptosis, the ‘non-dangerous’ death of self cells may prevent autoimmunity when old or surplus cells are disposed of. • Suggests that tolerance is the default pathway of the immune system on encountering antigens. • Explains why immunisations require adjuvants to stim ...
... they are self or ‘non-self’. • Apoptosis, the ‘non-dangerous’ death of self cells may prevent autoimmunity when old or surplus cells are disposed of. • Suggests that tolerance is the default pathway of the immune system on encountering antigens. • Explains why immunisations require adjuvants to stim ...
No Slide Title
... One of the first steps in the generation of the immune response is the recognition by T lymphocytes of peptide fragments (antigens) derived from foreign pathogens that are presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). This event is mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), that transduces ...
... One of the first steps in the generation of the immune response is the recognition by T lymphocytes of peptide fragments (antigens) derived from foreign pathogens that are presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). This event is mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), that transduces ...
Lesson 1 Nutrition, Diet & CHD
... They carry receptors for the pathogen and speed up The immune response if the body is infected by the Same pathogen again. T-helper Cells These cells are messengers, and they stimulate B cells to develop ...
... They carry receptors for the pathogen and speed up The immune response if the body is infected by the Same pathogen again. T-helper Cells These cells are messengers, and they stimulate B cells to develop ...
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... Func:on in Spaceflight and Aging on ISS • Due to comorbidies found in the aging popula:on, it is difficult to understand the specific cause of immune loss in the elderly. • Many of the same hallmarks ...
... Func:on in Spaceflight and Aging on ISS • Due to comorbidies found in the aging popula:on, it is difficult to understand the specific cause of immune loss in the elderly. • Many of the same hallmarks ...
AP Biology: Immune System WebQuest
... Low pH that inhibits or stops bacterial or fungal growth Chemicals that disrupt viruses Normal bacterial flora that crowd out pathogenic bacteria. This is a nonspecific defense. What is an “antigen”? An antigen is an invader. How was the name “antigen” derived? Carefully draw an antibody and its ant ...
... Low pH that inhibits or stops bacterial or fungal growth Chemicals that disrupt viruses Normal bacterial flora that crowd out pathogenic bacteria. This is a nonspecific defense. What is an “antigen”? An antigen is an invader. How was the name “antigen” derived? Carefully draw an antibody and its ant ...
Level 2 ZOOL 21014 Immunity
... • Secrete specific antibodies to circulation, these antibodies circulate in the blood & lymph & reach the site of invasion. • Once the antigen-antibody complex is formed, antibody activates complement enzymes for attack ...
... • Secrete specific antibodies to circulation, these antibodies circulate in the blood & lymph & reach the site of invasion. • Once the antigen-antibody complex is formed, antibody activates complement enzymes for attack ...
CHAPTER 24
... •Helper T cells: (many roles) - help activate cytotoxic T cells & macrophages - help stimulate B cells to make antibodies - interact w/other WBCs that function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) these cells present a foreign antigen to the helper T cell ...
... •Helper T cells: (many roles) - help activate cytotoxic T cells & macrophages - help stimulate B cells to make antibodies - interact w/other WBCs that function as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) these cells present a foreign antigen to the helper T cell ...
General Pathology of Neoplasia - Wk 1-2
... 6. Define tumour grade and indicate the features of malignant tumours that are used in grading (differentiation, mitotic activity, pleomorphism, invasive pattern, and immune response) Low-grade tumors are well differentiated. High-grade once tend to be anaplastic (see below). Grading is numerical: ...
... 6. Define tumour grade and indicate the features of malignant tumours that are used in grading (differentiation, mitotic activity, pleomorphism, invasive pattern, and immune response) Low-grade tumors are well differentiated. High-grade once tend to be anaplastic (see below). Grading is numerical: ...
The Immune System
... DNA) into cytoplasm. The information on the nucleic acid is incorporated into the cell’s DNA. Normal cellular mechanisms then produce viral structural components. Multiple new viral particles are produced & released from the cell (sometimes killing the cell) ...
... DNA) into cytoplasm. The information on the nucleic acid is incorporated into the cell’s DNA. Normal cellular mechanisms then produce viral structural components. Multiple new viral particles are produced & released from the cell (sometimes killing the cell) ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.