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Backup of 43
Backup of 43

... A. Activation of T cells T cells respond only to antigenic epitopes displayed on the surfaces of the body’s own cells The presence of a T cell surface molecule called CD4 enhances the interactions between the cells and antigen presenting cells (APC) The MHC-antigen complex displayed on the infected ...
Differences Between Acute and Chronic Inflammation
Differences Between Acute and Chronic Inflammation

... injury i. Circulate as monocytes and reach site of b. Followed by released of cytokines that injury within 24 – 48 hrs and transform promotes vasodilation leads to warmness ii. Activatd by numerous cytokines from the and redness of injured area injured site 2. Increased capillary permeability b. T a ...
Engineered Human Cells: SAY NO TO SEPSIS
Engineered Human Cells: SAY NO TO SEPSIS

... High mortality rate ~40%  No novel advances since 1980s Associated mainly with gram-negative bacteremia Dysregulated release of chemokines (including cytokines) Additional injury due to endotoxins:  Coagulation cascade  Complement cascade  Vessel injury  Release of prostaglandins Eventually lea ...
10 General anatomy of immune system
10 General anatomy of immune system

... body’s own cells that have become infected by viruses • they also attack potential cancer cells, often before they form tumors • they bind to cells using an antibody “bridge”, then kill it by secreting a chemical (perforin) that makes holes in the cell membrane of the target cell. With enough holes, ...
Document
Document

... immune system and leave a child more susceptible to other diseases. Based upon your knowledge of the mechanisms of the immune system, explain why this fear is unfounded. ...
Beat The Flu with These Essential Vitamins
Beat The Flu with These Essential Vitamins

... The immune system can be weakened by all kinds of stressors, including diseases or chronic conditions, invading organisms, poor diet or nutrient absorption issues, side-effects of medications, general organ health, and ageing. It is a proven fact that there is a link between healthy eating and acade ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... Unlike the other cells, TH cells only recognize antigen that is properly presented with MHC by other cells These specialized cells are called antigen presenting cells They include macrophages, B cells, fibroblasts & dendritic cells ...
specific
specific

... In class, we discussed three ways that B cells can be activated and clonally selected. Understand how each of these results in the production of both plasma cells and memory cells. ...
Immune system powerpoint immune_system
Immune system powerpoint immune_system

... The Role of Antibodies in Immunity ...
ImmunoGuard™
ImmunoGuard™

... The immune system is composed of complex and highly specialized groups of cells, tissues and organs located throughout the body. In order to maintain good health, this system is called upon every day to defend us against a variety of potentially harmful substances such as microorganisms as well as t ...
Disseminated ldiopathic Myositis in Young Marshall Farms Ferrets
Disseminated ldiopathic Myositis in Young Marshall Farms Ferrets

... age, and no known cause has been our four patients had elevated ALT found. Other tissues can also be af- suggestingliver damage (hepatitis). fected, but the inflammation seems Surprisingly, although this disease to focus especially on muscles. In causes extensive muscle inflamour practice/ we have s ...
Innate Immunity - microbiology and immunology on-line
Innate Immunity - microbiology and immunology on-line

... malignant cells  identified by the presence of CD56 & CD16 and absence of CD3  activated by IL2 and IFN-γ to become LAK cells ...
Acquired Immunity
Acquired Immunity

... * The acquired immune response is more specialized than innate immune response * The acquired immune response involves a combination of two mechanisms : 1) Humoral immune response 2) cell mediated immune response * They interact with one another to destroy foreign body (microorganisms, infected cell ...
Immunology
Immunology

... ◦ Antibody-a substance produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a foreign antigen that will combine with and control the antigen, thus preventing infection ◦ Immunity-a long term condition of protection from infection or disease ...
Cell-mediated Immunity
Cell-mediated Immunity

... NK Cell mediated Cytotoxicity ...
Glomerular diseases
Glomerular diseases

... AB binds to the epitope and can stimulate cell damage by a number of effector mechanisms: - AB + complement  opsonization  phagocytosis, extracellular release of toxic molecules  antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) - Activation of complement  membrane attack complex - Activation ...
MC-vragen: 23 - Di-Et-Tri
MC-vragen: 23 - Di-Et-Tri

... 17. A negative stranded RNA virus needs to encapsidate its RNA polymerase to: [ ] start viral genome replication immediately after infection of a host cell [ ] start viral genome transcription immediately after infection of a host cell [ ] start viral genome translation immediately after infection o ...
MC-vragen: 23 - Di-Et-Tri
MC-vragen: 23 - Di-Et-Tri

... 17. A negative stranded RNA virus needs to encapsidate its RNA polymerase to: [ ] start viral genome replication immediately after infection of a host cell [ ] start viral genome transcription immediately after infection of a host cell [ ] start viral genome translation immediately after infection o ...
What`s so great about a little Cell?
What`s so great about a little Cell?

... life. In the eukaryotic vertebrate cell these functions are performed by various organelles within the cell. The cell membrane plays a role in the dynamic process of molecular movement in and out of the cell. At this level of organization we clearly see connections between the structure of the cell ...
presentation - Harlem Children Society
presentation - Harlem Children Society

... antibodies labeled with 188-Re (Rhenium) in hopes of increasing the survival rate of the illness. ...
Basic Immunology
Basic Immunology

Cell Mediated Immunity
Cell Mediated Immunity

... 4. B-cells/antibodies recognize circulating antibodies. T-cells require antigen to be 3.Three dimensional structures presented by MHC-molecules 5. All energy of antigen-antibody focus on foreign are remarkably similar antigens whereas a substantial fraction of the energy of the TCR-peptide-MHC is di ...
No Slide Title - Cal State LA
No Slide Title - Cal State LA

... T independent antigens are usually in the form of a repeating subunit like a polysaccharide, lipid, or nucleic acid. Binding by this type of antigen somehow provides both signals that are required for B cell stimulation (by causing extensive cross-linking the surface antibodies?) The outcome from th ...
Rh NEGATIVE PREGNANCY
Rh NEGATIVE PREGNANCY

... the production of immune antibodies in an individual in response to an antigen derived from another individual of the same species provided first one lacks the antigen. This occurs in two stages Sensitisation Immunisation In ABO - blood groups naturally occurring anti-A, anti-B antibodies are presen ...
Presentation 3 Innate Immunity
Presentation 3 Innate Immunity

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Cancer immunotherapy



Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.
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