Toll-like receptors and immune regulation: their direct and indirect
... Toll-like receptor modulation on regulatory CD4+ CD25+ T cells TLR expression on T cells TLR expression has been detected in many types of immune cells, including different subsets of DCs, T cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages, monocytes and epithelial cells (Table 2).22,41,42 ...
... Toll-like receptor modulation on regulatory CD4+ CD25+ T cells TLR expression on T cells TLR expression has been detected in many types of immune cells, including different subsets of DCs, T cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, macrophages, monocytes and epithelial cells (Table 2).22,41,42 ...
PARADOXICAL EFFECTS OF IMMUNE CELLS ON THE INFLAMMATION
... my degree. I would also like to thank other members of the Blennerhassett lab, especially Dr. Pierre-Yves Gougeon and Kurtis Miller for their guidance and support. And lastly, I would like express my gratitude to my family and friends. To my parents, thank you for your love and constant words of enc ...
... my degree. I would also like to thank other members of the Blennerhassett lab, especially Dr. Pierre-Yves Gougeon and Kurtis Miller for their guidance and support. And lastly, I would like express my gratitude to my family and friends. To my parents, thank you for your love and constant words of enc ...
Analysis of Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Support of Dengue
... the major determinant of its role in immunity and also tend to reinforce cell polarization. The profile of ...
... the major determinant of its role in immunity and also tend to reinforce cell polarization. The profile of ...
Regulatory T-lymphocytes in asthma REVIEW A.J.M. van Oosterhout* and N. Bloksma
... ABSTRACT: T-helper cell type (Th)2 lymphocytes play an important role in the initiation, progression and persistence of allergic diseases, including asthma. However, little is known about immunoregulatory mechanisms that determine susceptibility to, severity of, or persistence of asthma. The concept ...
... ABSTRACT: T-helper cell type (Th)2 lymphocytes play an important role in the initiation, progression and persistence of allergic diseases, including asthma. However, little is known about immunoregulatory mechanisms that determine susceptibility to, severity of, or persistence of asthma. The concept ...
2016 Detailed Program
... 3035: A mucosal-derived systemic IgM B-cell 4212: Targeting Regulators of Natural Killer 3776: Regulation of immune response genes 3230: Neutrophils mediate potent and rapid Associations of T cell Antigen Specificity and leading to the dendritic cell subtypes memory response in non-immunized mice Ce ...
... 3035: A mucosal-derived systemic IgM B-cell 4212: Targeting Regulators of Natural Killer 3776: Regulation of immune response genes 3230: Neutrophils mediate potent and rapid Associations of T cell Antigen Specificity and leading to the dendritic cell subtypes memory response in non-immunized mice Ce ...
MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE RESPONSES IN CNIDARIANS
... the mobilization of molecules to places where the infection is produced, and c) activating effector molecules through intracellular signaling transduction cascades. According to their location, at least three classes of predicted PRRs have been identified in cnidarians: membrane (mPRRs), soluble (sP ...
... the mobilization of molecules to places where the infection is produced, and c) activating effector molecules through intracellular signaling transduction cascades. According to their location, at least three classes of predicted PRRs have been identified in cnidarians: membrane (mPRRs), soluble (sP ...
Homeostasis and function of T cells in healthy - UvA-DARE
... CD4+ T cells play a critical role in forming adaptive immune responses against various pathogens 1-3. Furthermore, they are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergic responses 4;5. CD4+ T cells consist of several different T helper (Th) lineages, including ...
... CD4+ T cells play a critical role in forming adaptive immune responses against various pathogens 1-3. Furthermore, they are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergic responses 4;5. CD4+ T cells consist of several different T helper (Th) lineages, including ...
Role of the Immune Response during Neuro
... tumor necrosis factor ␣, with interleukin 6 also having a proposed role (17). Additionally, microglia cells are activated, and macrophages are recruited during HSV infection of the nervous system (18). The immune response to tumors has been studied in detail, and much is dependent on the model and t ...
... tumor necrosis factor ␣, with interleukin 6 also having a proposed role (17). Additionally, microglia cells are activated, and macrophages are recruited during HSV infection of the nervous system (18). The immune response to tumors has been studied in detail, and much is dependent on the model and t ...
Phenotypic Markers Distinguished by Their Cytokine Profiles and T
... only primed virus-specific T cells were activated to produce cytokines under these in vitro conditions (data not shown and see Ref. 4). More detailed analyses of cytokine production by day 8 and memory T cells are shown in Fig. 2. As shown previously (26), IFN-g production by day 8 T cells began wit ...
... only primed virus-specific T cells were activated to produce cytokines under these in vitro conditions (data not shown and see Ref. 4). More detailed analyses of cytokine production by day 8 and memory T cells are shown in Fig. 2. As shown previously (26), IFN-g production by day 8 T cells began wit ...
Allergy: An Overview
... by Sell et al., 1996 Immunopathologic responses into the following 7 categories: Inactivation/activation antibody reactions Cytotoxic or cytolytic antibody reactions Immune-complex reactions Allergic reactions T-cell cytotoxic reactions Delayed hypersensitivity reactions Granulomatous ...
... by Sell et al., 1996 Immunopathologic responses into the following 7 categories: Inactivation/activation antibody reactions Cytotoxic or cytolytic antibody reactions Immune-complex reactions Allergic reactions T-cell cytotoxic reactions Delayed hypersensitivity reactions Granulomatous ...
Brochure Licensing Profile
... The present invention is a new head-to-tail-cyclized hexapeptide containing the isoAsp-Gly-Arg (isoDGR) motif that, after chemical conjugation to human serum albumin (HSA), recognizes αvβ3 with very good selectivity, binds to tumor vessels, inhibits tumor growth and works as an efficient ligand for ...
... The present invention is a new head-to-tail-cyclized hexapeptide containing the isoAsp-Gly-Arg (isoDGR) motif that, after chemical conjugation to human serum albumin (HSA), recognizes αvβ3 with very good selectivity, binds to tumor vessels, inhibits tumor growth and works as an efficient ligand for ...
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... intracellular bacteria per infected cell as robust parameters to determine the effect of anti-flagella antibodies on bacterial uptake. Opsonisation with specific antibodies that target S. Typhimurium flagella resulted in a higher percentage of infected cells (Figure 1A), as compared to the non-speci ...
... intracellular bacteria per infected cell as robust parameters to determine the effect of anti-flagella antibodies on bacterial uptake. Opsonisation with specific antibodies that target S. Typhimurium flagella resulted in a higher percentage of infected cells (Figure 1A), as compared to the non-speci ...
Antibody Engineering and Therapeutics 2016
... immune system. These immune-receptor repertoires are extremely diverse, and comprise multiple cellular subsets. Initially, “na€ıve” B-cell and T-cell subsets are generated in the bone marrow and thymus, respectively, by the recombination of “germline” V, D and J gene segments, yielding VDJ recombina ...
... immune system. These immune-receptor repertoires are extremely diverse, and comprise multiple cellular subsets. Initially, “na€ıve” B-cell and T-cell subsets are generated in the bone marrow and thymus, respectively, by the recombination of “germline” V, D and J gene segments, yielding VDJ recombina ...
CD4 § T-Cells from Mice Immunized to
... It has long been recognized that mice vaccinated to w e a k l y i m m u nogenic M C 2 sarcomas can develop specific resistance to subsequent challenge with the same sarcoma (1). This i m m u n e protection requires both CD4 § and CD8 § T effector cells (2). D e v e l o p m e n t of crossprotectivity ...
... It has long been recognized that mice vaccinated to w e a k l y i m m u nogenic M C 2 sarcomas can develop specific resistance to subsequent challenge with the same sarcoma (1). This i m m u n e protection requires both CD4 § and CD8 § T effector cells (2). D e v e l o p m e n t of crossprotectivity ...
Linking immune defenses and life history at the
... and granulocytes ingest pathogens, produce reactive oxygen species and produce cytokines that recruit additional white blood cells and help organize induced immune responses. NK cells recognize and destroy infected or abnormal host cells. Complement proteins form complexes that lyse pathogens, or ta ...
... and granulocytes ingest pathogens, produce reactive oxygen species and produce cytokines that recruit additional white blood cells and help organize induced immune responses. NK cells recognize and destroy infected or abnormal host cells. Complement proteins form complexes that lyse pathogens, or ta ...
CD8 T cell activation predominate early immune
... [1-3]. Mice lacking critical components of innate immunity, such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 and the TLR signaling protein MyD88, develop less atherosclerosis, indicating the involvement of pro-atherogenic endogenous TLR ligands [4-6]. The role of adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis is ...
... [1-3]. Mice lacking critical components of innate immunity, such as the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 and the TLR signaling protein MyD88, develop less atherosclerosis, indicating the involvement of pro-atherogenic endogenous TLR ligands [4-6]. The role of adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis is ...
clinical management of immuno- suppression in sportsmen
... line of immunological defense and are viewed as indiscriminately attacking pathogens, while the adaptive responses (which typically follow those of the innate) tend to target specific pathogens and have an antigen-specific memory of such pathogens [23]. Figure 1 gives a schematic overview of the gen ...
... line of immunological defense and are viewed as indiscriminately attacking pathogens, while the adaptive responses (which typically follow those of the innate) tend to target specific pathogens and have an antigen-specific memory of such pathogens [23]. Figure 1 gives a schematic overview of the gen ...
Role of NKT cells in the digestive system. IV. The role of canonical
... As noted above, there is inherent ambiguity in the term “NKT cell.” However, since the development of CD1d tetramers loaded with ␣-galactosylceramide (␣GalCer), it has been possible to unequivocally identify the iNKT cell subpopulation (33). As summarized in Fig. 1, ␣GalCer is a synthetic GSL compou ...
... As noted above, there is inherent ambiguity in the term “NKT cell.” However, since the development of CD1d tetramers loaded with ␣-galactosylceramide (␣GalCer), it has been possible to unequivocally identify the iNKT cell subpopulation (33). As summarized in Fig. 1, ␣GalCer is a synthetic GSL compou ...
Complex Correlates of Protection After Vaccination
... with serum and mucosal antibody [21, 22]. In mice, a live vaccine against the H5N1 virus was protective only if antibody was elicited in the lungs [23]. Th1 cell frequency correlated with serologic response to an H5N1 vaccine, but protection was not measured [24]. It is also well established that cy ...
... with serum and mucosal antibody [21, 22]. In mice, a live vaccine against the H5N1 virus was protective only if antibody was elicited in the lungs [23]. Th1 cell frequency correlated with serologic response to an H5N1 vaccine, but protection was not measured [24]. It is also well established that cy ...
The Trojan exosome hypothesis - Gene
... It is well established that humans and other mammals combat many enveloped viruses by (i) the selective proliferation of B cells that secrete neutralizing antibodies (primarily IgGs) able to block Env-mediated entry and (ii) the selective proliferation of virus-reactive T cell clones that detect and ...
... It is well established that humans and other mammals combat many enveloped viruses by (i) the selective proliferation of B cells that secrete neutralizing antibodies (primarily IgGs) able to block Env-mediated entry and (ii) the selective proliferation of virus-reactive T cell clones that detect and ...
Class II MHC
... The human MHC is located on chromosome 6.The MHC complex contains a number of genes that control several antigens, most of which influence allograft rejection. These antigens (and their genes) can be divided into three major classes :class I ,class II and class III . The class I and class II antigen ...
... The human MHC is located on chromosome 6.The MHC complex contains a number of genes that control several antigens, most of which influence allograft rejection. These antigens (and their genes) can be divided into three major classes :class I ,class II and class III . The class I and class II antigen ...
Protozoan Parasite Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors from a
... Cells of the macrophage lineage exposed to these microbial components synthesize high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-12 and TNF-␣, two mediators that appear to be important for the initiation of IFN-␥ synthesis by NK cells (8). Recognition of bacterial glycolipids by IFN-␥-expose ...
... Cells of the macrophage lineage exposed to these microbial components synthesize high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-12 and TNF-␣, two mediators that appear to be important for the initiation of IFN-␥ synthesis by NK cells (8). Recognition of bacterial glycolipids by IFN-␥-expose ...
T Cell Co-inhibitory Receptors-Functions and Signalling Mechanisms
... The two major types of lymphocytes, B cells and T cells, are the main mediators of the adaptive immune response. T lymphocytes differentiate in the thymus and migrate to secondary lymphoid organs such as the lymph nodes and spleen. Here, the T lymphocytes play a prominent role to sense, monitor and ...
... The two major types of lymphocytes, B cells and T cells, are the main mediators of the adaptive immune response. T lymphocytes differentiate in the thymus and migrate to secondary lymphoid organs such as the lymph nodes and spleen. Here, the T lymphocytes play a prominent role to sense, monitor and ...
The challenges of modelling antibody repertoire dynamics in HIV
... The mechanisms of B-cell selection in germinal centres are becoming increasingly understood in murine model systems in which the immune system is exposed to a single known antigen. Recent work by Gitlin et al. [6] has experimentally demonstrated that the length of time a B cell spends replicating an ...
... The mechanisms of B-cell selection in germinal centres are becoming increasingly understood in murine model systems in which the immune system is exposed to a single known antigen. Recent work by Gitlin et al. [6] has experimentally demonstrated that the length of time a B cell spends replicating an ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.