Differential In Situ Cytokine Profiles of Langerhans
... Fig 2. Identification of cellular origin of cytokines in LCH biopsies. Double immunohistochemical labeling was used to determine cytokine profiles of T cells and LCH cells in frozen sections of LCH biopsies. IL-1a (red) is not produced by CD31 T cells (blue), as shown by the absence of intermediate ...
... Fig 2. Identification of cellular origin of cytokines in LCH biopsies. Double immunohistochemical labeling was used to determine cytokine profiles of T cells and LCH cells in frozen sections of LCH biopsies. IL-1a (red) is not produced by CD31 T cells (blue), as shown by the absence of intermediate ...
Stains - Dr Magrann
... to survive, some bacteria have the ability to eliminate all their cytoplasm and condense all their essential DNA and organelles into a highly resistant structure called a spore, which is metabolically inactive. When the environment improves, they can re-establish themselves. Only sterilization can k ...
... to survive, some bacteria have the ability to eliminate all their cytoplasm and condense all their essential DNA and organelles into a highly resistant structure called a spore, which is metabolically inactive. When the environment improves, they can re-establish themselves. Only sterilization can k ...
Polarization of T Lymphocytes is Regulated by Mesenchymal Stem Cells in NZBWF1 and BALB/c Mice
... shift towards an increase in Th1 cells, which is in line with the report by Deng [35]. TNF-α is a potential proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine that plays an important role in inflammatory and immune responses. It is unclear as to whether the role of TNF-α as a mediator of inflammation is ...
... shift towards an increase in Th1 cells, which is in line with the report by Deng [35]. TNF-α is a potential proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine that plays an important role in inflammatory and immune responses. It is unclear as to whether the role of TNF-α as a mediator of inflammation is ...
Role of Estrogen nuclear receptor (ER) in T helper cells
... the lymphocytes of adaptive immune response provide versatile form of defense and retain the immunological memory to mount the faster response on next encounter of pathogens. The lymphocyte population of adaptive immune system is mostly made up of Thymus derived Lymphocytes (T-lymphocytes), Bone mar ...
... the lymphocytes of adaptive immune response provide versatile form of defense and retain the immunological memory to mount the faster response on next encounter of pathogens. The lymphocyte population of adaptive immune system is mostly made up of Thymus derived Lymphocytes (T-lymphocytes), Bone mar ...
... The condition of being immune, immunity, is protection from unwanted biological invasion that causes infection or disease. The immune system in vertebrates is composed of two highly interrelated components; innate and adaptive, which are mutually required for the resolution of most infections. The c ...
transplantation - Shandong University
... • Main antigens of grafts rejection • Cause fast and strong rejection • Difference of HLA types is the main cause of human grafts rejection ...
... • Main antigens of grafts rejection • Cause fast and strong rejection • Difference of HLA types is the main cause of human grafts rejection ...
Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren
... between CD4+ T cells and B cells in the secondary lymphoid tissues [6]. T-B cell interaction results in B cell activation via ligation of co-stimulatory molecules expressed on surfaces of activated T cells, such as CD40L and cytokines produced by them [7, 8]. Subsequent to this interaction, naïve B ...
... between CD4+ T cells and B cells in the secondary lymphoid tissues [6]. T-B cell interaction results in B cell activation via ligation of co-stimulatory molecules expressed on surfaces of activated T cells, such as CD40L and cytokines produced by them [7, 8]. Subsequent to this interaction, naïve B ...
Immunotherapy for prostate cancer: the next step?
... and injection site reactions.14 It is not yet clear at which stage of disease PROSTVAC-VF will be most effective; the results of studies evaluating its use in non-metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer are awaited. Another viral vaccine in early development uses adenovirus type 5 vectors to de ...
... and injection site reactions.14 It is not yet clear at which stage of disease PROSTVAC-VF will be most effective; the results of studies evaluating its use in non-metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer are awaited. Another viral vaccine in early development uses adenovirus type 5 vectors to de ...
The nervous system and innate immunity: The neuropeptide
... Very recently, however, several peptides, recognized initially for their neural or neuroendocrine signaling functions have been shown to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. This discovery signals the possibility that the nervous system, through utilization of these peptides, has the capacity to d ...
... Very recently, however, several peptides, recognized initially for their neural or neuroendocrine signaling functions have been shown to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. This discovery signals the possibility that the nervous system, through utilization of these peptides, has the capacity to d ...
The Regulatory Role of Invariant NKT Cells in Tumor Immunity
... iNKT cells in cancer patients to encourage stronger anticancer immune responses. ...
... iNKT cells in cancer patients to encourage stronger anticancer immune responses. ...
A novel adenosine A receptor antagonist optimized for high potency
... environment and restored cytokine production even in the presence of high concentrations of A2A agonists. Furthermore, our compound was able to potently increase CD8 T cell cytotoxicity in a cytotoxicity assay with CD8 T cells as effectors and cancer cells as targets. These results suggest that iTeo ...
... environment and restored cytokine production even in the presence of high concentrations of A2A agonists. Furthermore, our compound was able to potently increase CD8 T cell cytotoxicity in a cytotoxicity assay with CD8 T cells as effectors and cancer cells as targets. These results suggest that iTeo ...
A regulatory dendritic cell signature correlates with the clinical
... Key words: Biomarker, dendritic cell, efficacy, proteomics, sublingual immunotherapy, tolerance ...
... Key words: Biomarker, dendritic cell, efficacy, proteomics, sublingual immunotherapy, tolerance ...
Chapter Twenty Four
... consists of T- and B-lymphocytes and macrophages. • In the center of each cluster is a central artery. • The red pulp is associated with the venous supply. • Red pulp consists of splenic cords and splenic sinusoids that contain erythrocytes, platelets, macrophages, and some plasma cells. • Blood cel ...
... consists of T- and B-lymphocytes and macrophages. • In the center of each cluster is a central artery. • The red pulp is associated with the venous supply. • Red pulp consists of splenic cords and splenic sinusoids that contain erythrocytes, platelets, macrophages, and some plasma cells. • Blood cel ...
Autoimmunity and pulmonary hypertension: a perspective REVIEW
... risk is conferred on the basis of the HLA-DR-DQ genotype, fewer than 10% of susceptible individuals or 30–40% of identical twins of a patient with type 1 diabetes will develop the disease [35]. Environmental factors such as dietary or viral infections have been invoked as necessary ‘‘second hits’’ t ...
... risk is conferred on the basis of the HLA-DR-DQ genotype, fewer than 10% of susceptible individuals or 30–40% of identical twins of a patient with type 1 diabetes will develop the disease [35]. Environmental factors such as dietary or viral infections have been invoked as necessary ‘‘second hits’’ t ...
Modeling the effector - regulatory T cell cross
... Background: The relapsing-remitting dynamics is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Although current understanding of both cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is significant, how their activity generates this prototypic ...
... Background: The relapsing-remitting dynamics is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Although current understanding of both cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is significant, how their activity generates this prototypic ...
The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels and
... structures go on to form increasingly larger lymphatic vessels which form co-laterals and have lymph-angions (lymph hearts). The lymphatic system, once thought to be passive, is now known to be an active pumping system with active pumping segments with a function similar to that of peristalsis. Lymp ...
... structures go on to form increasingly larger lymphatic vessels which form co-laterals and have lymph-angions (lymph hearts). The lymphatic system, once thought to be passive, is now known to be an active pumping system with active pumping segments with a function similar to that of peristalsis. Lymp ...
Modeling the effector - regulatory T cell cross
... Background: The relapsing-remitting dynamics is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Although current understanding of both cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is significant, how their activity generates this prototypic ...
... Background: The relapsing-remitting dynamics is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Although current understanding of both cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is significant, how their activity generates this prototypic ...
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.46 No.1
... when recipients were 17 to 21 days old. The extent of photoreceptor rescue by subretinal transplants was determined by counting the maximum layers of surviving photoreceptor nuclei in histologic sections. Cellular immune response was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared to non- or sh ...
... when recipients were 17 to 21 days old. The extent of photoreceptor rescue by subretinal transplants was determined by counting the maximum layers of surviving photoreceptor nuclei in histologic sections. Cellular immune response was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared to non- or sh ...
Haptoglobin, inflammation and disease
... 2007). The Hp2-2 phenotype has consistently been observed to be a risk factor in inflammatory diseases (Delanghe et al., 1999; Levy, 2004; Papp et al., 2007), attributed to its compromised antioxidant role compared to the Hp2 allele. 3.1.2. Maintenance of reverse cholesterol transport Elevated levels ...
... 2007). The Hp2-2 phenotype has consistently been observed to be a risk factor in inflammatory diseases (Delanghe et al., 1999; Levy, 2004; Papp et al., 2007), attributed to its compromised antioxidant role compared to the Hp2 allele. 3.1.2. Maintenance of reverse cholesterol transport Elevated levels ...
Granule exocytosis mediates immune surveillance of senescent cells
... features including a stable cell cycle arrest and upregulation of the NK cell receptor ligands and adhesion molecules that could mediate their interaction with the NK cells.4 Senescent and growing (control) IMR-90 cells were co-cultured with YT cells for 12 h at 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 target cell to NK- ...
... features including a stable cell cycle arrest and upregulation of the NK cell receptor ligands and adhesion molecules that could mediate their interaction with the NK cells.4 Senescent and growing (control) IMR-90 cells were co-cultured with YT cells for 12 h at 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 target cell to NK- ...
Signaling pathways implicated in the cellular innate immune
... with innate immunity in insects fails to acknowledge the role played by the blood cells. Although invertebrate hemocytes are considered to be functionally similar to vertebrate macrophages, little has been done to document, as integral components of the insect innate immune system, such well known m ...
... with innate immunity in insects fails to acknowledge the role played by the blood cells. Although invertebrate hemocytes are considered to be functionally similar to vertebrate macrophages, little has been done to document, as integral components of the insect innate immune system, such well known m ...
Antibody-independent B cell effector functions in
... activators (aCD3)[58]. B cell-derived cytokines (LTa, TNFa and IL12) are critical for optimal T cell proliferation and differentiation into IFNg producing cells [15,58]. However, the requirement for these cytokines in antigen specific B-T interactions is not known. It is also unknown how B cells oper ...
... activators (aCD3)[58]. B cell-derived cytokines (LTa, TNFa and IL12) are critical for optimal T cell proliferation and differentiation into IFNg producing cells [15,58]. However, the requirement for these cytokines in antigen specific B-T interactions is not known. It is also unknown how B cells oper ...
PHENOTYPIC AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL BIOMARKERS IN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION Isabel Puig-Pey Comas
... Thesis registered in the doctoral program of Cell Biology and Pathology at the Cell Biology, Immunology and Neuroscience Department, Medical School, University of Barcelona, 2004-2006 ...
... Thesis registered in the doctoral program of Cell Biology and Pathology at the Cell Biology, Immunology and Neuroscience Department, Medical School, University of Barcelona, 2004-2006 ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.