Protective Anti-Helicobacter Immunity Is Induced with Aluminum
... the idea that contribution of Th1-mediated responses, the response associated with H. pylori–related gastric pathology, are required to induce immunity [4]. This suggestion was based on immunoglobulin (Ig) G subclass analysis only; no direct measurement of cytokine profiles was performed [4, 5]. Bec ...
... the idea that contribution of Th1-mediated responses, the response associated with H. pylori–related gastric pathology, are required to induce immunity [4]. This suggestion was based on immunoglobulin (Ig) G subclass analysis only; no direct measurement of cytokine profiles was performed [4, 5]. Bec ...
Chapter 16
... opposed to selection within individuals). Both HIV and the centre-pole change with time in each individual during these selection processes, as does the population of helper T cell V regions. The point of convergence in space shape for HIV and the centre-pole is likely to depend very strongly on the ...
... opposed to selection within individuals). Both HIV and the centre-pole change with time in each individual during these selection processes, as does the population of helper T cell V regions. The point of convergence in space shape for HIV and the centre-pole is likely to depend very strongly on the ...
Chapter 16
... opposed to selection within individuals). Both HIV and the centre-pole change with time in each individual during these selection processes, as does the population of helper T cell V regions. The point of convergence in space shape for HIV and the centre-pole is likely to depend very strongly on the ...
... opposed to selection within individuals). Both HIV and the centre-pole change with time in each individual during these selection processes, as does the population of helper T cell V regions. The point of convergence in space shape for HIV and the centre-pole is likely to depend very strongly on the ...
Length of the Circulating T Cell Pool Cytomegalovirus Infection
... and, as a consequence, the mean telomere length of the Ag-primed T cell population is shorter than that of the naive subset (11, 12). During a primary viral infection, virus-specific naive T cells are activated and go through a number of divisions, forming a large pool of virus-specific, highly cyto ...
... and, as a consequence, the mean telomere length of the Ag-primed T cell population is shorter than that of the naive subset (11, 12). During a primary viral infection, virus-specific naive T cells are activated and go through a number of divisions, forming a large pool of virus-specific, highly cyto ...
Lactobacilli- and Staphylococcus aureus mediated
... The human gastro-intestinal tract is in direct contact with the external environment. It continuously encounters dietary products, environmental antigens, pathogens and commensal microbes. Given the huge antigenic load, a balance needs to be maintained between immunogenic and tolerogenic immune resp ...
... The human gastro-intestinal tract is in direct contact with the external environment. It continuously encounters dietary products, environmental antigens, pathogens and commensal microbes. Given the huge antigenic load, a balance needs to be maintained between immunogenic and tolerogenic immune resp ...
Francois Abboud-EBMarch2015SR-revised for web
... on the immune system with pro-inflammatory morbid cardiovascular consequences. 2. Vagus nerve activity provides a protective anti-inflammatory effect mediated by a7-nicotinic cholinergic receptors. 3. In a genetic model of hypertension (SHR), the anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine on innate immune ...
... on the immune system with pro-inflammatory morbid cardiovascular consequences. 2. Vagus nerve activity provides a protective anti-inflammatory effect mediated by a7-nicotinic cholinergic receptors. 3. In a genetic model of hypertension (SHR), the anti-inflammatory effect of nicotine on innate immune ...
Multiple Mechanisms of Immune Suppression by B
... and found that those cells derived from SLE patients had both a reduced ability to produce IL-10 and a reduced suppression of T-cell cytokine production, although it is not clear if this defect is a cause or a consequence of SLE (44). In work from another group, human IL-10– producing B cells were f ...
... and found that those cells derived from SLE patients had both a reduced ability to produce IL-10 and a reduced suppression of T-cell cytokine production, although it is not clear if this defect is a cause or a consequence of SLE (44). In work from another group, human IL-10– producing B cells were f ...
Primary Immunodeficiency and Autoimmunity: Lessons From Human
... and endocrine tissues; the absence of central nervous system involvement may reflect immunological privilege. Congenital defects in C1q, C1r ⁄ s and C4 are strongly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and this pattern along with laboratory evidence suggests a major importance of clas ...
... and endocrine tissues; the absence of central nervous system involvement may reflect immunological privilege. Congenital defects in C1q, C1r ⁄ s and C4 are strongly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and this pattern along with laboratory evidence suggests a major importance of clas ...
Gene, environment, microbiome and mucosal immune tolerance in
... sites such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities [1416]. In addition, there are multiple subsites with unique immunological characteristics. As examples, the oral cavity has salivary glands as well as subgingival spaces; the respiratory tract can be divided into the nasopharynx (and even the middl ...
... sites such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities [1416]. In addition, there are multiple subsites with unique immunological characteristics. As examples, the oral cavity has salivary glands as well as subgingival spaces; the respiratory tract can be divided into the nasopharynx (and even the middl ...
Selection of rules
... eliminate different pathogens in different ways. To achieve this, the immune system constantly creates new types of responses. These are subject to selection processes that favor more successful responses (i.e., lymphocytes that bind to pathogens). A memory of successful responses to pathogens is ma ...
... eliminate different pathogens in different ways. To achieve this, the immune system constantly creates new types of responses. These are subject to selection processes that favor more successful responses (i.e., lymphocytes that bind to pathogens). A memory of successful responses to pathogens is ma ...
Current Topics in HIV-1 Vaccination Research
... other cocktail techniques, such as immune interference (Léourneau et al., 2007). Another potential problem is the inclusion of both variable and conserved regions. Viral responses to variable regions of the immunogen may draw attention away from more useful conserved ...
... other cocktail techniques, such as immune interference (Léourneau et al., 2007). Another potential problem is the inclusion of both variable and conserved regions. Viral responses to variable regions of the immunogen may draw attention away from more useful conserved ...
The intestinal barrier function and its involvement in digestive disease
... the maintenance of the intestinal barrier function. Finally, the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS), coordinate digestive functions and intestinal homeostasis maintenance via the release of neurotransmitters and, indirectly, via neuro-immune interactions. The ENS constitut ...
... the maintenance of the intestinal barrier function. Finally, the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS), coordinate digestive functions and intestinal homeostasis maintenance via the release of neurotransmitters and, indirectly, via neuro-immune interactions. The ENS constitut ...
Introduction to Immunoassays
... Producing antiserum • The process of making an antiserum begins by injecting a solution that contains the antigen of interest into an animal. This antigen of interest is sometimes called an immunogen, because it can stimulate an immune response. Over time, and in some cases with multiple injections ...
... Producing antiserum • The process of making an antiserum begins by injecting a solution that contains the antigen of interest into an animal. This antigen of interest is sometimes called an immunogen, because it can stimulate an immune response. Over time, and in some cases with multiple injections ...
Cellular-mediated and humoral immunity in children with autism
... activity of natural killer (NK) cells, increased monocyte activation, and a reduced number of CD4+ T cells11. In addition, a number of studies have reported abnormal antibody responses to brain and central nervous system proteins, skewed immunoglobulin (Ig) responses, such as decreased total serum I ...
... activity of natural killer (NK) cells, increased monocyte activation, and a reduced number of CD4+ T cells11. In addition, a number of studies have reported abnormal antibody responses to brain and central nervous system proteins, skewed immunoglobulin (Ig) responses, such as decreased total serum I ...
Chapter 4 Dendritic cells secrete and target MHC class II carrying
... have been demonstrated to elicit both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo and in vitro (11-13). Furthermore, exosomes isolated from tumor peptide-pulsed DC could eradicate certain previously established murine tumors (12). DC that are activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) secrete fewer exosomes ...
... have been demonstrated to elicit both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vivo and in vitro (11-13). Furthermore, exosomes isolated from tumor peptide-pulsed DC could eradicate certain previously established murine tumors (12). DC that are activated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) secrete fewer exosomes ...
Self Antigens Expressed by Solid Tumors Do Not Efficiently
... choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) glycoprotein (GP) was introduced also under the control of the RIP. No significant spontaneous CTL activation against GP was observed. However, LCMV infection induced an antitumor CTL response which efficiently reduced the tumor mass, resulting in temporarily normalized ...
... choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) glycoprotein (GP) was introduced also under the control of the RIP. No significant spontaneous CTL activation against GP was observed. However, LCMV infection induced an antitumor CTL response which efficiently reduced the tumor mass, resulting in temporarily normalized ...
Laboratory of Viral Immunology
... activation to fight infection Mucosal CTL responses (Kaul et al.) Qualitatively distinct responses strong proliferation, weak IFNg (Alimonti et al.) ▫ Genetic basis for resistance Familial association (Kimani) Kindered of HIV-R more likely to remain HIV-negative (Kimani, Ball) Polymorphi ...
... activation to fight infection Mucosal CTL responses (Kaul et al.) Qualitatively distinct responses strong proliferation, weak IFNg (Alimonti et al.) ▫ Genetic basis for resistance Familial association (Kimani) Kindered of HIV-R more likely to remain HIV-negative (Kimani, Ball) Polymorphi ...
Inflammation and oxidative stress in vertebrate host–parasite systems
... ability to establish an immunological memory, which allows a more rapid and effective response upon re-exposure to the antigen (Cooper & Alder 2006). The dichotomy between innate and acquired immunity, while useful for a classification purpose, does not mean that these two branches work independent ...
... ability to establish an immunological memory, which allows a more rapid and effective response upon re-exposure to the antigen (Cooper & Alder 2006). The dichotomy between innate and acquired immunity, while useful for a classification purpose, does not mean that these two branches work independent ...
... While it was known from the cancer RIT data that the platelet counts nadir usually occurred 1 week after radiolabeled antibody administration to tumor-bearing mice [14, 15]— there was no information about possible toxic effects of RIT in infected animals. In our studies of RIT for murine cryptococcos ...
Studies on the development of a vaccine against Mycobacterium sp.
... PPD injection, ceasing only after degradation of the antigen. The innate immune response, the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes, plays a critical role during mycobacterial infection. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) which exists on the surface of the phagocyte recognizes pathogen-associat ...
... PPD injection, ceasing only after degradation of the antigen. The innate immune response, the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes, plays a critical role during mycobacterial infection. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) which exists on the surface of the phagocyte recognizes pathogen-associat ...
Colostro Noni - Inflammation and cell signaling - Review 2014
... level exerting a well-documented protective activity. Bovine colostrum-derived lactoferrin and polysaccharidic fraction contained in both colostrum and Noni juice exerts a key action for intestinal homeostasis maintenance modulating both immune response and enterocytes proliferation, fundamental mec ...
... level exerting a well-documented protective activity. Bovine colostrum-derived lactoferrin and polysaccharidic fraction contained in both colostrum and Noni juice exerts a key action for intestinal homeostasis maintenance modulating both immune response and enterocytes proliferation, fundamental mec ...
Read the text. - Cornell Virology
... immune defects (4, 5). However, how inflammasomes are activated to elicit adaptive immunity following respiratory influenza infection in vivo remains unclear. Commensal bacteria are essential in shaping intestinal immune responses in both health and disease (7, 8). Germ-free mice have underdeveloped g ...
... immune defects (4, 5). However, how inflammasomes are activated to elicit adaptive immunity following respiratory influenza infection in vivo remains unclear. Commensal bacteria are essential in shaping intestinal immune responses in both health and disease (7, 8). Germ-free mice have underdeveloped g ...
Gastrointestinal Disease
... The Gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the largest aggregation of immune competent cells in the body. The loosely aggregated lymphoid tissue in the lamnia propria,and the so called Peyers patches, as well as the tonsillar rings of Waldeyer forms the GALT. All antigens which get into the post m ...
... The Gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the largest aggregation of immune competent cells in the body. The loosely aggregated lymphoid tissue in the lamnia propria,and the so called Peyers patches, as well as the tonsillar rings of Waldeyer forms the GALT. All antigens which get into the post m ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.