topic 11 notes
... primary infection. This takes time to get high levels of the specific b cells needed so you get sick, then hopefully the immune response wins. • A second infection of the same pathogen causes the memory cells to respond quickly, preventing you from getting sick. ...
... primary infection. This takes time to get high levels of the specific b cells needed so you get sick, then hopefully the immune response wins. • A second infection of the same pathogen causes the memory cells to respond quickly, preventing you from getting sick. ...
No Slide Title
... are usually destroyed in the Thymus and Bone marrow, respectively, preventing autoimmunity. • Infection and overstimulation of APCs can break tolerance and induce priming of T-cells • A combination of genetics and environment are responsible for autoimmune disease • Human Lymphocyte Antigen (HLA/MHC ...
... are usually destroyed in the Thymus and Bone marrow, respectively, preventing autoimmunity. • Infection and overstimulation of APCs can break tolerance and induce priming of T-cells • A combination of genetics and environment are responsible for autoimmune disease • Human Lymphocyte Antigen (HLA/MHC ...
Cell-mediated (T cells)
... are usually destroyed in the Thymus and Bone marrow, respectively, preventing autoimmunity. • Infection and overstimulation of APCs can break tolerance and induce priming of T-cells • A combination of genetics and environment are responsible for autoimmune disease • Human Lymphocyte Antigen (HLA/MHC ...
... are usually destroyed in the Thymus and Bone marrow, respectively, preventing autoimmunity. • Infection and overstimulation of APCs can break tolerance and induce priming of T-cells • A combination of genetics and environment are responsible for autoimmune disease • Human Lymphocyte Antigen (HLA/MHC ...
Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer Kyong Hwa Park MD, PhD
... cancer, in metastatic, locally advanced and resected subjects. Active immunization, in the form of vaccines has been developed to target tumor antigens, and multiple different delivery platforms including tumor cells, or their components, peptides, proteins, DNA, particles, such as viral or viral-li ...
... cancer, in metastatic, locally advanced and resected subjects. Active immunization, in the form of vaccines has been developed to target tumor antigens, and multiple different delivery platforms including tumor cells, or their components, peptides, proteins, DNA, particles, such as viral or viral-li ...
MCB 181 (Nov 4 – Dec 4) Information and Heredity
... • The graph below shows the time required for antibody production after initial exposure to an antigen (e.g. flu shot). • Notice that upon second exposure (second peak of the blue line) to the same antigen the production of antibodies is both faster and dramatically larger (log scale). • The reason ...
... • The graph below shows the time required for antibody production after initial exposure to an antigen (e.g. flu shot). • Notice that upon second exposure (second peak of the blue line) to the same antigen the production of antibodies is both faster and dramatically larger (log scale). • The reason ...
Chapter 17b
... Genetically modified mice that produce Ab with a human constant region • Humanized Mabs: Mabs that are mostly human, except for mouse antigen-binding ...
... Genetically modified mice that produce Ab with a human constant region • Humanized Mabs: Mabs that are mostly human, except for mouse antigen-binding ...
Immunity
... Natural killer (NK) cells • NK cells are lymphocytes that "patrol" the body, looking for abnormal cells (esp. cancer cells and virus-infected cells) to kill • NK cells kill by direct contact with enemy cell • Kill by various methods ...
... Natural killer (NK) cells • NK cells are lymphocytes that "patrol" the body, looking for abnormal cells (esp. cancer cells and virus-infected cells) to kill • NK cells kill by direct contact with enemy cell • Kill by various methods ...
Specific Host Defense IMMUNOLOGY
... 1. Active: Ab produced the body, long: A. Natural: Infections; protective Ab B. Artificial: Vaccination ...
... 1. Active: Ab produced the body, long: A. Natural: Infections; protective Ab B. Artificial: Vaccination ...
Chapter_01_Haz4 - Welcome to people.pharmacy.purdue.edu!
... Epitope - particular sub-structure of the Ag that is bound Affinity - how much a molecule likes to bind to a structure ...
... Epitope - particular sub-structure of the Ag that is bound Affinity - how much a molecule likes to bind to a structure ...
Introduction_to_Infection_and_Immunity_part_two
... the bone marrow exclusively after birth; they “mature” when they come into contact with a specific antigen Activated B cells develop into plasma cells; plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood; circulating antibodies provide immunity ...
... the bone marrow exclusively after birth; they “mature” when they come into contact with a specific antigen Activated B cells develop into plasma cells; plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood; circulating antibodies provide immunity ...
Immunology: Introduction and Overview
... More recently, the spectacular, but not always successful, transplantation of the human heart and other major organs has been the focus of much ...
... More recently, the spectacular, but not always successful, transplantation of the human heart and other major organs has been the focus of much ...
投影片 1
... -Production of T cell receptor that coat the surfaces of cytotoxic T cells -The cytotoxic T cells recognize and kill infected cells of the host organism -Responsible for protecting mammals from viral infection ...
... -Production of T cell receptor that coat the surfaces of cytotoxic T cells -The cytotoxic T cells recognize and kill infected cells of the host organism -Responsible for protecting mammals from viral infection ...
Chapter 8: The Immune Response
... tetanus antigen. The immune system will recognize the antigen as foreign, and will stimulate both cell mediated and humoral immunity. The cell-mediated arm of the immune system will produce T lymphocytes that are sensitized to the antigen. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes will destroy the antigen, and T-memo ...
... tetanus antigen. The immune system will recognize the antigen as foreign, and will stimulate both cell mediated and humoral immunity. The cell-mediated arm of the immune system will produce T lymphocytes that are sensitized to the antigen. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes will destroy the antigen, and T-memo ...
Bacterial defense against specific immune responses
... normal host "antigens", the immune responses to this Ag may be weak giving a degree of tolerance “known as molecular mimicry”. The antigenic determinants of the bacterium are closely related chemically to host tissue components that the immunological response cannot be raised. Ex., Some bacterial ca ...
... normal host "antigens", the immune responses to this Ag may be weak giving a degree of tolerance “known as molecular mimicry”. The antigenic determinants of the bacterium are closely related chemically to host tissue components that the immunological response cannot be raised. Ex., Some bacterial ca ...
antigen presentation clonal selection induction of antibody synthesis
... interleukin 2 which stimulates the B cell to divide and differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Many undifferentiated B cells remain in the lymphoid tissue as Memory Cells. This process is termed CLONAL SELECTION and results in IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY. Upon a subsequent exposure, antigen pr ...
... interleukin 2 which stimulates the B cell to divide and differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells. Many undifferentiated B cells remain in the lymphoid tissue as Memory Cells. This process is termed CLONAL SELECTION and results in IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY. Upon a subsequent exposure, antigen pr ...
Infectious Diseases PPT
... Vaccines : drugs made from alter microbes or their poisons injected or given by mouth to produce immunity Public health organizations control diseases but cannot eliminate them! ...
... Vaccines : drugs made from alter microbes or their poisons injected or given by mouth to produce immunity Public health organizations control diseases but cannot eliminate them! ...
5 AcquiredImmFor242L
... • Cell Types of the Humoral Response and How they Develop • B and T cell receptors and immunglobulines (antibodies) • Antibody Structure and Classes • Activation of B cells and Clonal Selection • Immunity and Secondary Response Time ...
... • Cell Types of the Humoral Response and How they Develop • B and T cell receptors and immunglobulines (antibodies) • Antibody Structure and Classes • Activation of B cells and Clonal Selection • Immunity and Secondary Response Time ...
Lecture 4 Antigen Recognition
... Antigen recognition depends on detection of antigen by special receptors. Antigen recognition depends on cellular cooperation. Cellular cooperation is controlled by recognition of MHC-encoded receptors. Antigen “drives” the process resulting in “effector” cells and “memory” cells. ...
... Antigen recognition depends on detection of antigen by special receptors. Antigen recognition depends on cellular cooperation. Cellular cooperation is controlled by recognition of MHC-encoded receptors. Antigen “drives” the process resulting in “effector” cells and “memory” cells. ...
Immune Strategies to Infection
... This occurs as a result of antigen presentation to naïve T cells at the lymph nodes, which get activated and then travel to the site of infection to elicit a response (cell mediated), or antigen may remain in the lymph nodes, activating B cells for antibody production (humoral). What determines whet ...
... This occurs as a result of antigen presentation to naïve T cells at the lymph nodes, which get activated and then travel to the site of infection to elicit a response (cell mediated), or antigen may remain in the lymph nodes, activating B cells for antibody production (humoral). What determines whet ...
Challenge Biomedical Science – Immunology The Immune
... invader and destroy it. T Cells identify and destroy any human cells which may have died or changed or those which it recognises as non-human. Some B & T cells produced live on after the first attack and help the body fight against a second attack should it occur. You are therefore immune to these b ...
... invader and destroy it. T Cells identify and destroy any human cells which may have died or changed or those which it recognises as non-human. Some B & T cells produced live on after the first attack and help the body fight against a second attack should it occur. You are therefore immune to these b ...
of virus infection
... – eg., Theiler’s virus and murine hepatitis virus infection of the CNS; myelin become the targets for antibody and T cells. ...
... – eg., Theiler’s virus and murine hepatitis virus infection of the CNS; myelin become the targets for antibody and T cells. ...
Fleisher WAC immune lab testing
... Testing: Primary Focus on T cells In vitro assays that help identify the cellular level or degree of T cell dysfunction • Immune cell and specific protein identification: flow cytometry • Immune cell function (ordered based on strong history of a cellular immune defect) • T cell proliferation/cytoki ...
... Testing: Primary Focus on T cells In vitro assays that help identify the cellular level or degree of T cell dysfunction • Immune cell and specific protein identification: flow cytometry • Immune cell function (ordered based on strong history of a cellular immune defect) • T cell proliferation/cytoki ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.