Innate Immunity (part II) and Antigen Recognition by Adaptive
... recognition of dsRNA in cytoplasm and inhibits virus replication (also promotes adaptive immunity) •Killing of infected cells is also performed by natural killer cells recognizing stress-induced molecules or loss of MHC class I molecule expression and by cytotoxic T cells which recognize virus antig ...
... recognition of dsRNA in cytoplasm and inhibits virus replication (also promotes adaptive immunity) •Killing of infected cells is also performed by natural killer cells recognizing stress-induced molecules or loss of MHC class I molecule expression and by cytotoxic T cells which recognize virus antig ...
Commensalism • Benefits both the host and the commensal
... Human body commensal is MICROFLORA Human microflora is mainly BACTERIA Pathogen Disease causing organism e.g parasites cannot live without the host Pathogenesis Ability for a pathogen to cause disease Virulence factors 1. Overcoming or evading host defences 2. Structures that help attachme ...
... Human body commensal is MICROFLORA Human microflora is mainly BACTERIA Pathogen Disease causing organism e.g parasites cannot live without the host Pathogenesis Ability for a pathogen to cause disease Virulence factors 1. Overcoming or evading host defences 2. Structures that help attachme ...
The immunological principles underlying vaccine
... identifying specific microbial molecules and the elimination function on phagocytosis and the activation of various plasma proteins. The response time of the innate system is immediate and all cells of a particular class, for example polymorphonuclear leucocytes, are identical. The innate recognitio ...
... identifying specific microbial molecules and the elimination function on phagocytosis and the activation of various plasma proteins. The response time of the innate system is immediate and all cells of a particular class, for example polymorphonuclear leucocytes, are identical. The innate recognitio ...
CELLS, ORGANS, AND MOLECULES: ANATOMY
... permeable surface, has the largest collection of secondary lymphoid tissue in the body, sometimes called GALT or MALT (gut- or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.) Lymph nodelike structures called Peyer’s patches underlie the mucosa, especially in the small intestine. The functional structure of the ...
... permeable surface, has the largest collection of secondary lymphoid tissue in the body, sometimes called GALT or MALT (gut- or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.) Lymph nodelike structures called Peyer’s patches underlie the mucosa, especially in the small intestine. The functional structure of the ...
Ch36-Immune_system
... washes bacteria and viruses off of mucus membranes. • Cilia in the respiratory tract move mucus out of the lungs to keep bacteria and viruses out. ...
... washes bacteria and viruses off of mucus membranes. • Cilia in the respiratory tract move mucus out of the lungs to keep bacteria and viruses out. ...
Chapter 17 Specific Immune System Specific Immune Response
... antigen-presenting cells • APC ingests and processes Ag; ...
... antigen-presenting cells • APC ingests and processes Ag; ...
LYMPHATICSYSTEMANDIMMUNITY
... LYMPH NODULES • CONTAIN B LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES TO FIGHT INVADING PATHOGENS WHY IN LYMPH NODES? • SOME LYMPH NODULES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER SYSTEMS: – TONSILS – PEYER’S PATCHES: M CELLS (MICROFOLD) PICK UP ATIGENS FROM LUMEN OF SMALL INTESTINE AND BY TANSCYTOSIS 9VESSICLE MEDIATED) TRANSFE ...
... LYMPH NODULES • CONTAIN B LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES TO FIGHT INVADING PATHOGENS WHY IN LYMPH NODES? • SOME LYMPH NODULES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER SYSTEMS: – TONSILS – PEYER’S PATCHES: M CELLS (MICROFOLD) PICK UP ATIGENS FROM LUMEN OF SMALL INTESTINE AND BY TANSCYTOSIS 9VESSICLE MEDIATED) TRANSFE ...
NVCC Bio 212 - gserianne.com
... barriers, fever, NK cells, inflammation, phagocytosis • Not pathogen-specific ...
... barriers, fever, NK cells, inflammation, phagocytosis • Not pathogen-specific ...
Introduction to Blood
... of NK cells than wild type mice). Thus tumors that are sensitive to NK killing grow less well in nude than normal mice (central panel). 16to - Transfection of MHC class I genes resulting in high expression of this protein restores NK cell resistance but susceptibility CTL in normal mice (left panel; ...
... of NK cells than wild type mice). Thus tumors that are sensitive to NK killing grow less well in nude than normal mice (central panel). 16to - Transfection of MHC class I genes resulting in high expression of this protein restores NK cell resistance but susceptibility CTL in normal mice (left panel; ...
B217F12Unit2Chapt05t..
... • Five mechanisms of how cells is affected: – Cell is destroyed by antibodies and complement – Cell destruction through phagocytosis – Soluble antigen may enter the circulation and deposit on tissues – Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity – Causes target cell malfunction ...
... • Five mechanisms of how cells is affected: – Cell is destroyed by antibodies and complement – Cell destruction through phagocytosis – Soluble antigen may enter the circulation and deposit on tissues – Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity – Causes target cell malfunction ...
IMMUNOCHEMISTRY OF THE EYE
... In order to understand how cells and molecules work together in the eye’s immune system, it also becomes necessary to understand the immune privilege of the eye. Basically, immune privilege is an adaptation of the body’s immune system to suppress to some degree the normal immune response that occurs ...
... In order to understand how cells and molecules work together in the eye’s immune system, it also becomes necessary to understand the immune privilege of the eye. Basically, immune privilege is an adaptation of the body’s immune system to suppress to some degree the normal immune response that occurs ...
B-cell activation
... distinct stages => A specific Ig gene expression => Distinct surface markers 4. At Pre-B cell stage, H chain recombination occurs first and associates w/ Surrogate light chains (l5 & VpreB). - l5 & VpreB are similar to k & l light chains but invariant - form pre-B cell receptor => Development ...
... distinct stages => A specific Ig gene expression => Distinct surface markers 4. At Pre-B cell stage, H chain recombination occurs first and associates w/ Surrogate light chains (l5 & VpreB). - l5 & VpreB are similar to k & l light chains but invariant - form pre-B cell receptor => Development ...
Matt Ferry - Stem Cell Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis
... Causes pain, restricted movement, and deformation in affected joints. ...
... Causes pain, restricted movement, and deformation in affected joints. ...
HP_Tipaje Linfocitario_24 07 13
... The immune system consists of a series of organs, tissues and cells widely distributed throughout the entire body. These components are interconnected by blood and lymph vessels, constituting a single well-communicated system. The response mechanisms of the immune system are the innate or non-adapti ...
... The immune system consists of a series of organs, tissues and cells widely distributed throughout the entire body. These components are interconnected by blood and lymph vessels, constituting a single well-communicated system. The response mechanisms of the immune system are the innate or non-adapti ...
Unit_4_Topic_6_Infection_immunity_and_forensics_Objectives
... 12. Describe the non-specific responses of the body to infection, including inflammation, lysozyme action, interferon and phagocytosis. 13. Explain the roles of antigens and antibodies in the body’s immune response including the involvement of plasma cells, macrophages and antigen-presenting cells. ...
... 12. Describe the non-specific responses of the body to infection, including inflammation, lysozyme action, interferon and phagocytosis. 13. Explain the roles of antigens and antibodies in the body’s immune response including the involvement of plasma cells, macrophages and antigen-presenting cells. ...
The Immune System LESSON 2 A. 1.
... system and the circulatory system work together to increase the body’s temperature to fight pathogens more effectively. ...
... system and the circulatory system work together to increase the body’s temperature to fight pathogens more effectively. ...
TAT-mediated gp96 transduction to APCs enhances gp96
... intracellular bacterial sources to enhance APC recognition Interaction of gp96 with cell surface receptor CD91 or scavenger receptor-A (SRA) on APCs promotes internalization of the gp96peptide complexes Cross-presentation of gp96-antigen complex peptides to MHC class I and II activate peptide-sp ...
... intracellular bacterial sources to enhance APC recognition Interaction of gp96 with cell surface receptor CD91 or scavenger receptor-A (SRA) on APCs promotes internalization of the gp96peptide complexes Cross-presentation of gp96-antigen complex peptides to MHC class I and II activate peptide-sp ...
AUTOIMMUNE ENDOCRINE DISEASES
... cells can be deleted before emigration. The autoreactive TSH clone, having emigrated from the thymus because the AIRE complex was not displaying TSH antigens, may be activated by sex hormones after puberty with or without the help of a viral infection. Other poorly understood tolerance mechanisms co ...
... cells can be deleted before emigration. The autoreactive TSH clone, having emigrated from the thymus because the AIRE complex was not displaying TSH antigens, may be activated by sex hormones after puberty with or without the help of a viral infection. Other poorly understood tolerance mechanisms co ...
The Adaptive Immune Response PowerPoint
... humoral or antibody-mediated immunity involves antibodies that are produced by B cells – the term humoral is derived from the word “humors”, which is Latin for fluid in response to foreign antigens, the B cell is activated to produce a clone of plasma cells and memory cells – plasma cells secrete an ...
... humoral or antibody-mediated immunity involves antibodies that are produced by B cells – the term humoral is derived from the word “humors”, which is Latin for fluid in response to foreign antigens, the B cell is activated to produce a clone of plasma cells and memory cells – plasma cells secrete an ...
03-390 Final – Fall 2013 Name:_____________________________ each
... i) Describe how do the anti-VSG antibodies kill the parasite? 3pts By binding to the Variant Surface Glycoprotein the Abs -> opsonize the parasite -> facilitate phagocytosis by phagocytes -> activate the classical pathway of the complement system -> lysis by MAC and opsonization by C3b No hypersensi ...
... i) Describe how do the anti-VSG antibodies kill the parasite? 3pts By binding to the Variant Surface Glycoprotein the Abs -> opsonize the parasite -> facilitate phagocytosis by phagocytes -> activate the classical pathway of the complement system -> lysis by MAC and opsonization by C3b No hypersensi ...
Lymphatic System and Immunity
... • Immune- body reacts to the presence of a pathogen by destroying it or rendering it harmless • Antigen (antibody generator)- any foreign substance (usually a protein) to which the body responds by making chemicals or specialized cells that eliminate that antigen, could be produced by a pathogen or ...
... • Immune- body reacts to the presence of a pathogen by destroying it or rendering it harmless • Antigen (antibody generator)- any foreign substance (usually a protein) to which the body responds by making chemicals or specialized cells that eliminate that antigen, could be produced by a pathogen or ...
Mechanism
... cells) or that secrete inflammatory mediators (CD4+ T cells) that cause tissue changes. The reaction is initiated by antigen-specific CD4+ helper T cells, which release numerous immunoregulatory and proinflammatory cytokines into the surrounding tissue. These substances attract antigen - specific an ...
... cells) or that secrete inflammatory mediators (CD4+ T cells) that cause tissue changes. The reaction is initiated by antigen-specific CD4+ helper T cells, which release numerous immunoregulatory and proinflammatory cytokines into the surrounding tissue. These substances attract antigen - specific an ...
Adaptive Immune Response
... B cell: usually more than just a small peptide needed Once the antigen binds the receptor, B or T-cell ...
... B cell: usually more than just a small peptide needed Once the antigen binds the receptor, B or T-cell ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.