Kuby Immunology 6/e - Dr. Jennifer Capers, PhD
... ○ Arrest and adhesion, mediated by integrins binding to Ig-family ○ Transendothelial migration ...
... ○ Arrest and adhesion, mediated by integrins binding to Ig-family ○ Transendothelial migration ...
cellular basis of immunity
... Clonal Selection: B cells (and T cells) that encounter stimulating antigen will proliferate into a large group of cells. Why don’t we produce antibodies against our own antigens? We have developed tolerance to them. Clonal Deletion: B and T cells that react against self antigens appear to be destroy ...
... Clonal Selection: B cells (and T cells) that encounter stimulating antigen will proliferate into a large group of cells. Why don’t we produce antibodies against our own antigens? We have developed tolerance to them. Clonal Deletion: B and T cells that react against self antigens appear to be destroy ...
NOD-Like Receptors
... That can detect bacterial and viral ligands NOD detects PGN of several bacteria Inflammatory response & Cell Death (IPAF/NAIP) RIG-1/MDA-5 detects dsRNA of virus Modulation of IFN signalling to control virus ...
... That can detect bacterial and viral ligands NOD detects PGN of several bacteria Inflammatory response & Cell Death (IPAF/NAIP) RIG-1/MDA-5 detects dsRNA of virus Modulation of IFN signalling to control virus ...
22. Immune System and the Body`s Defense
... There are two general classes of MHC molecules found within a person: Class I MHC molecules are displayed by nearly all cells of the body. Class I MHC molecules are made in the rough ER, and they bind fragments of protein (peptides) that come from within the cell (Fig. 22.10). These MHC molecules an ...
... There are two general classes of MHC molecules found within a person: Class I MHC molecules are displayed by nearly all cells of the body. Class I MHC molecules are made in the rough ER, and they bind fragments of protein (peptides) that come from within the cell (Fig. 22.10). These MHC molecules an ...
Targeting gene editing in pluripotent stem cells: X
... - Types and mode of action - Tools for gene editing Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) - Types and potential - Gene editing in PSCs - Genetic screen for corrected cells - Differentiation of PSCs to mature effector T cells Conclusions and perspectives ...
... - Types and mode of action - Tools for gene editing Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) - Types and potential - Gene editing in PSCs - Genetic screen for corrected cells - Differentiation of PSCs to mature effector T cells Conclusions and perspectives ...
Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Viruses
... experimental animals with severe local inflammation ...
... experimental animals with severe local inflammation ...
LEUKOPOIESIS LEARNING OBJECTIVES • To classify the different
... They may migrate to other organs for further differentiation Leukopoiesis Is hormonally stimulated by two families of cytokines (hematopoietic factors) – interleukins and colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) Interleukins are numbered (e.g., IL-1, IL-2), whereas CSFs are named for the WBCs they stim ...
... They may migrate to other organs for further differentiation Leukopoiesis Is hormonally stimulated by two families of cytokines (hematopoietic factors) – interleukins and colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) Interleukins are numbered (e.g., IL-1, IL-2), whereas CSFs are named for the WBCs they stim ...
Lymphatic Study Guide - Belle Vernon Area School District
... _________________________2. Results when an antigen is deliberately introduced into an individual to stimulate his immune system; also called vaccination. _________________________3. Results from the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her child across the placenta. _________________________4. R ...
... _________________________2. Results when an antigen is deliberately introduced into an individual to stimulate his immune system; also called vaccination. _________________________3. Results from the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her child across the placenta. _________________________4. R ...
The immune system
... lymphocytes T lymphocytes make antibodies cellular immunity humoral mature in thymus immunity 1. Immunocompetence mature in bone ability of immune cells marrow to recognize (by binding) to specific agns; recognition implies presence of plasma membrane receptors ...
... lymphocytes T lymphocytes make antibodies cellular immunity humoral mature in thymus immunity 1. Immunocompetence mature in bone ability of immune cells marrow to recognize (by binding) to specific agns; recognition implies presence of plasma membrane receptors ...
Lymph node
... The lymph nodes are strategically located at anatomical locations where they are most able to receive immunological signals from around the body. The total number of nodes is not known, but there are likely to be hundreds. Each node is well-supplied by both lymphatic and blood vessels, which allow l ...
... The lymph nodes are strategically located at anatomical locations where they are most able to receive immunological signals from around the body. The total number of nodes is not known, but there are likely to be hundreds. Each node is well-supplied by both lymphatic and blood vessels, which allow l ...
The Lymphatic System
... Helper T cells – stimulate T cells and B cells Suppressor T cells – inhibit T cells and B cells B cells -bone marrow derived (10-15% circ. Lymphocytes) Plasma cells – secrete antibodies (immunoglobulins) Antibodies bind to antigens NK cells natural killer cells (5-10% circulating lymphocytes ...
... Helper T cells – stimulate T cells and B cells Suppressor T cells – inhibit T cells and B cells B cells -bone marrow derived (10-15% circ. Lymphocytes) Plasma cells – secrete antibodies (immunoglobulins) Antibodies bind to antigens NK cells natural killer cells (5-10% circulating lymphocytes ...
The Immune System
... CD8 cells are T cells that have a protein called CD8 on their surface. When CD8 cells recognize a specific infection, such as HIV, they can develop into what are often referred to as killer T cells or CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes). These killer T cells seek out and kill other cells that are already ...
... CD8 cells are T cells that have a protein called CD8 on their surface. When CD8 cells recognize a specific infection, such as HIV, they can develop into what are often referred to as killer T cells or CTLs (cytotoxic T lymphocytes). These killer T cells seek out and kill other cells that are already ...
A Concise History of Immunology
... can bind a different antigenic determinant. When a pathogen is recognized by the cells, in this case by two different antigenic determinants, then the cells that bind to these determinants are selected to proliferate or undergo clonal expansion, and then differentiate into effector cells that either ...
... can bind a different antigenic determinant. When a pathogen is recognized by the cells, in this case by two different antigenic determinants, then the cells that bind to these determinants are selected to proliferate or undergo clonal expansion, and then differentiate into effector cells that either ...
IMMUNITY
... pathogens: a closer look • The humoral immune response is initiated when B cells bearing antigen receptors are selected by binding with specific antigens. – This is assisted by IL-2 and other cytokines secreted from helper T cells activated by the same antigen. – These B cells proliferate and differ ...
... pathogens: a closer look • The humoral immune response is initiated when B cells bearing antigen receptors are selected by binding with specific antigens. – This is assisted by IL-2 and other cytokines secreted from helper T cells activated by the same antigen. – These B cells proliferate and differ ...
T cell receptors
... • Each T cell will produce a single chain from just one of the chromosomal loci (allelic exclusion). • Two chains can be produced by a single cell. • Therefore two TCR sets may be expressed on a given T cell. • However, a single T cell will express a single antigenbinding specificity. How doe ...
... • Each T cell will produce a single chain from just one of the chromosomal loci (allelic exclusion). • Two chains can be produced by a single cell. • Therefore two TCR sets may be expressed on a given T cell. • However, a single T cell will express a single antigenbinding specificity. How doe ...
09 Antibodies
... encoded by both the paternal and maternal genes are produced. Each person can make as many as 12 HLA proteins: 3 at class I loci and 3 at class II loci, from both chromosomes. ...
... encoded by both the paternal and maternal genes are produced. Each person can make as many as 12 HLA proteins: 3 at class I loci and 3 at class II loci, from both chromosomes. ...
Reduced CXCR5 expression on B cells during HIV-1
... • loss of antibodies to vaccination antigens and antigens previously met in life • high level of circulating IgG (hypergammaglobulinemia) of unknown specificity • hyperactivated status of B cells (and other cells of the immune system) as detected by surface markers • declined number of memory B cell ...
... • loss of antibodies to vaccination antigens and antigens previously met in life • high level of circulating IgG (hypergammaglobulinemia) of unknown specificity • hyperactivated status of B cells (and other cells of the immune system) as detected by surface markers • declined number of memory B cell ...
LU Jinhua
... Zhang H, Tay PN, Cao W, Li W and Lu J. (2002) Integrin-nucleated toll-like receptor (TLR) dimerization reveals subcellular targeting of TLRs and distinct mechanisms of TLR4 activation and signaling. FEBS Lett. 532, 171-176 Cao W, Bobryshev YV, Lord RSA, Oakley REI, Lee SH and Lu J. (2003) Dendritic ...
... Zhang H, Tay PN, Cao W, Li W and Lu J. (2002) Integrin-nucleated toll-like receptor (TLR) dimerization reveals subcellular targeting of TLRs and distinct mechanisms of TLR4 activation and signaling. FEBS Lett. 532, 171-176 Cao W, Bobryshev YV, Lord RSA, Oakley REI, Lee SH and Lu J. (2003) Dendritic ...
B cells
... genes required for rearrangement of the Ig light chain, allowing the production of a complete functional BCR with a unique specificity that is expressed as IgM on the surface of immature B cells. Immature B cells then pass through a stage of negative selection to remove cells expressing a selfreacti ...
... genes required for rearrangement of the Ig light chain, allowing the production of a complete functional BCR with a unique specificity that is expressed as IgM on the surface of immature B cells. Immature B cells then pass through a stage of negative selection to remove cells expressing a selfreacti ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.