Tcells
... o innate immunity – non-specific phagocytosis and inflammation o acquired immunity – antigen-specific B and T lymphocyte responses two major types of immune responses o humoral immunity – proteins dissolved in blood and lymph (eg. antibodies, complement) bind to extracellular pathogens and toxins ...
... o innate immunity – non-specific phagocytosis and inflammation o acquired immunity – antigen-specific B and T lymphocyte responses two major types of immune responses o humoral immunity – proteins dissolved in blood and lymph (eg. antibodies, complement) bind to extracellular pathogens and toxins ...
Lymphatic System Notes
... secretions can also defend – Mucous Membranes: Mucus and nasal hairs trap microorganisms; Cilia move mucus out of body; Gastric juice, saliva, and tears have ...
... secretions can also defend – Mucous Membranes: Mucus and nasal hairs trap microorganisms; Cilia move mucus out of body; Gastric juice, saliva, and tears have ...
The Body`s Defenses
... Directions: Read the passage below. Answer the questions that follow. When the body is invaded, four important nonspecific defenses take action: the inflammatory response; the temperature response; proteins that kill or inhibit pathogens; and white blood cells, which attack and kill pathogens. Infla ...
... Directions: Read the passage below. Answer the questions that follow. When the body is invaded, four important nonspecific defenses take action: the inflammatory response; the temperature response; proteins that kill or inhibit pathogens; and white blood cells, which attack and kill pathogens. Infla ...
MISSION DEBRIEFING: Teacher Guide
... Second Line. If the first line of defenders fail, the second line of defense, called the inflammatory response, takes over. This is also a NON-SPECIFIC RESPONSE since the immune cells involved fight off anything they recognize as foreign. When tissue is damaged by injury or infection, the inflammato ...
... Second Line. If the first line of defenders fail, the second line of defense, called the inflammatory response, takes over. This is also a NON-SPECIFIC RESPONSE since the immune cells involved fight off anything they recognize as foreign. When tissue is damaged by injury or infection, the inflammato ...
Lymphatic System PowerPoint
... to direct the immune system response by signaling between its cells. Lymphokines attract other immune cells, like macrophages and other lymphocytes, to an infected site and to help attack the invaders. ...
... to direct the immune system response by signaling between its cells. Lymphokines attract other immune cells, like macrophages and other lymphocytes, to an infected site and to help attack the invaders. ...
07. Immunology
... Lymphocytes (B and T cells) bind and respond to foreign molecules known as antigens via antigen receptors ...
... Lymphocytes (B and T cells) bind and respond to foreign molecules known as antigens via antigen receptors ...
The innate immune system
... they interact with T cells and B cells to initiate and shape the adaptive immune response. Macrophages engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the types of proteins specific of healthy body cells on its surface in a proces ...
... they interact with T cells and B cells to initiate and shape the adaptive immune response. Macrophages engulfs and digests cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the types of proteins specific of healthy body cells on its surface in a proces ...
Chp.7 Immune Lec
... • Increased blood flow to an area increases the warmth that inhibits some pathogens • Increased blood flow also brings more white blood cells to an injured area with neutrophils being the first scouts to kill pathogens • This response can be short-lived but if the neutrophils cannot control the dama ...
... • Increased blood flow to an area increases the warmth that inhibits some pathogens • Increased blood flow also brings more white blood cells to an injured area with neutrophils being the first scouts to kill pathogens • This response can be short-lived but if the neutrophils cannot control the dama ...
Immune System
... system responds to body’s own antigens – 1 – rheumatoid arthritis – tissue of heart and joints are attacked following exposure to a particular streptococcus bacteria 2 - “lupus” – systemic lupus erthythromatosis ...
... system responds to body’s own antigens – 1 – rheumatoid arthritis – tissue of heart and joints are attacked following exposure to a particular streptococcus bacteria 2 - “lupus” – systemic lupus erthythromatosis ...
Immunology - Mosaiced.org
... infection by release of soluble mediators (they develop from monocytes) such as cytokines. The macrophage expresses receptors for many bacterial constituents. Bacteria binding to macrophage receptors initiate a response release of cytokine. Macrophages engulf and digest bacteria to which they bind. ...
... infection by release of soluble mediators (they develop from monocytes) such as cytokines. The macrophage expresses receptors for many bacterial constituents. Bacteria binding to macrophage receptors initiate a response release of cytokine. Macrophages engulf and digest bacteria to which they bind. ...
Acting Out the Immune Response - The American Association of
... The first line of defense is the skin. The skin acts a physical barrier to any foreign invading pathogens, or disease causing agents. Such agents could include a wide variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, venom, or parasites. If one of these pathogens does enter the body, ...
... The first line of defense is the skin. The skin acts a physical barrier to any foreign invading pathogens, or disease causing agents. Such agents could include a wide variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, venom, or parasites. If one of these pathogens does enter the body, ...
Types of cell-mediated immune reactions
... phagocyte-mediated defense against infections, especially with intracellular microbes ...
... phagocyte-mediated defense against infections, especially with intracellular microbes ...
Adverse Effects
... recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters. the response takes days/weeks to develop but may be long lasting even lifelong. Vaccines can be prophylactic to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by pathogen (e.g. polio vaccine, MMR vaccine)., or thera ...
... recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters. the response takes days/weeks to develop but may be long lasting even lifelong. Vaccines can be prophylactic to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by pathogen (e.g. polio vaccine, MMR vaccine)., or thera ...
Document
... IL-29. These cytokines have similar gene organisation and bind to receptors of similar structure. However, they all display very different biological activities. Several immune cells produce IL-10 (see Figure 1) but production is also observed in epithelial cells, keratinocytes in the skin and some ...
... IL-29. These cytokines have similar gene organisation and bind to receptors of similar structure. However, they all display very different biological activities. Several immune cells produce IL-10 (see Figure 1) but production is also observed in epithelial cells, keratinocytes in the skin and some ...
(active) Immunity B cell AP Biology
... stimulates B cell system to produce antibodies to pathogen “active immunity” ...
... stimulates B cell system to produce antibodies to pathogen “active immunity” ...
bac_vir_imm_study_guide_
... What defenses do our bodies have against diseases? Compare and contrast, then give examples of each: active vs. passive immunity; specific vs. nonspecific immunity; antibody/humoral vs. cell-mediate immune reaction/response. List three main organs/parts of the immune system and their functions. Wher ...
... What defenses do our bodies have against diseases? Compare and contrast, then give examples of each: active vs. passive immunity; specific vs. nonspecific immunity; antibody/humoral vs. cell-mediate immune reaction/response. List three main organs/parts of the immune system and their functions. Wher ...
chapter_01 - Welcome to people.pharmacy.purdue.edu!
... dendritic cell that is carrying pathogens from an infection site they get activated - to divide into functional effector cells. Some T-cells stay in the lymph node and become Thelper cells - secrete cytokines (soluble proteins) and have receptors that contact B-cells. This helps the Bcells different ...
... dendritic cell that is carrying pathogens from an infection site they get activated - to divide into functional effector cells. Some T-cells stay in the lymph node and become Thelper cells - secrete cytokines (soluble proteins) and have receptors that contact B-cells. This helps the Bcells different ...
Active immunity
... Memory – after initial exposure, long term acquired immunity occurs through the production of memory cells; secondary exposure results in stronger faster response to previously recognized Ag Tolerance – immune cells recognize self-antigens & “tolerate” (ignore) them, only going after foreign (no ...
... Memory – after initial exposure, long term acquired immunity occurs through the production of memory cells; secondary exposure results in stronger faster response to previously recognized Ag Tolerance – immune cells recognize self-antigens & “tolerate” (ignore) them, only going after foreign (no ...
Powerpoint Presentation: The Monoclonal Antibodies
... Antibodies • Antibodies are specific in their binding with ...
... Antibodies • Antibodies are specific in their binding with ...
DEFENSE – Integumentary System
... A substance that triggers this immune response is known as an______________. o Examples of Antigens: ________________, __________________, and Other Pathogens. Cells that recognize specific antigens (lymphocytes): o B Lymphocytes (_________): Provide immunity against pathogens and antigens in bo ...
... A substance that triggers this immune response is known as an______________. o Examples of Antigens: ________________, __________________, and Other Pathogens. Cells that recognize specific antigens (lymphocytes): o B Lymphocytes (_________): Provide immunity against pathogens and antigens in bo ...
Multiple sclerosis
... system. The most common pattern of disease is intermittent attacks affecting sight, mobility or sensation followed by gradual recovery. Over time the attacks can lead to permanent disability. The most widely accepted explanation for MS is that the immune system orchestrates repeated episodes of infl ...
... system. The most common pattern of disease is intermittent attacks affecting sight, mobility or sensation followed by gradual recovery. Over time the attacks can lead to permanent disability. The most widely accepted explanation for MS is that the immune system orchestrates repeated episodes of infl ...
Document
... system. The most common pattern of disease is intermittent attacks affecting sight, mobility or sensation followed by gradual recovery. Over time the attacks can lead to permanent disability. The most widely accepted explanation for MS is that the immune system orchestrates repeated episodes of infl ...
... system. The most common pattern of disease is intermittent attacks affecting sight, mobility or sensation followed by gradual recovery. Over time the attacks can lead to permanent disability. The most widely accepted explanation for MS is that the immune system orchestrates repeated episodes of infl ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.