Slide 1
... had cell adhesion molecules for a long time • antibodies and T-cell receptors evolved from Ig-cell adhesion molecules through – splice variations that lacked a membrane anchor – antibodies – Highly variable extracellular domains – antibodies and T-cell receptors ...
... had cell adhesion molecules for a long time • antibodies and T-cell receptors evolved from Ig-cell adhesion molecules through – splice variations that lacked a membrane anchor – antibodies – Highly variable extracellular domains – antibodies and T-cell receptors ...
Name___________________________ Immune System Anatomy
... drugs given to people with transplanted organs. In many cases, however, it is an unwanted side effect of drugs used to treat other diseases. ...
... drugs given to people with transplanted organs. In many cases, however, it is an unwanted side effect of drugs used to treat other diseases. ...
PDF - The Journal of Experimental Medicine
... Checkpoints during B cell development ensure that immune cells won’t confuse the self for an intruder. At birth, many B cells express self-reactive receptors. Most of these potentially harmful cells are either set straight by rearranging new receptors or are eliminated before leaving the bone marrow ...
... Checkpoints during B cell development ensure that immune cells won’t confuse the self for an intruder. At birth, many B cells express self-reactive receptors. Most of these potentially harmful cells are either set straight by rearranging new receptors or are eliminated before leaving the bone marrow ...
type II
... Schematic illustration of three different mechanisms of antibody-mediated injury in type II hypersensitivity. (A) Complement-dependent reactions that lead to lysis of cells or render them susceptible to phagocytosis. (B) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). IgGcoated target cells ar ...
... Schematic illustration of three different mechanisms of antibody-mediated injury in type II hypersensitivity. (A) Complement-dependent reactions that lead to lysis of cells or render them susceptible to phagocytosis. (B) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). IgGcoated target cells ar ...
T cell
... 1. For cytotoxic CD8 T-cells, ligation of the TCR by MHC I/peptide + co-stimulation results in release of granzymes and perforin and/or FasL, leading to apoptosis of the target cells. 2. Viruses evade host defense, in part, by down-regulating MHC Class I. Uninfected dendritic cells circumvent this b ...
... 1. For cytotoxic CD8 T-cells, ligation of the TCR by MHC I/peptide + co-stimulation results in release of granzymes and perforin and/or FasL, leading to apoptosis of the target cells. 2. Viruses evade host defense, in part, by down-regulating MHC Class I. Uninfected dendritic cells circumvent this b ...
26.1 Organs, Tissues, and Cells of the Immune System (cont.)
... immunocells, particularly the B cells. ...
... immunocells, particularly the B cells. ...
Logic of the Immune System - Cancer Immunology Research
... bonds: H2L2. A B cell produces 2 forms of immunoglobulin: membrane-bound and secreted. The former serves as a unit that captures antigen and transmits signals to the B cell that carries it, allowing the B cell to proliferate (clonal expansion), whereas the latter can act at sites distant from where ...
... bonds: H2L2. A B cell produces 2 forms of immunoglobulin: membrane-bound and secreted. The former serves as a unit that captures antigen and transmits signals to the B cell that carries it, allowing the B cell to proliferate (clonal expansion), whereas the latter can act at sites distant from where ...
BIOC39H – Immunology Winter 2015 Course Syllabus
... immune system and as such, this course aims to provide students with an appreciation of the interdisciplinary relationship between these subjects. This course is designed to introduce the molecular and cellular basis of the immune system. Topics covered include cells and tissues of the innate and ad ...
... immune system and as such, this course aims to provide students with an appreciation of the interdisciplinary relationship between these subjects. This course is designed to introduce the molecular and cellular basis of the immune system. Topics covered include cells and tissues of the innate and ad ...
Course of Immunology
... - Three absences are tolerated, more frequent absences must be based on official certificate and written thesis ...
... - Three absences are tolerated, more frequent absences must be based on official certificate and written thesis ...
Spring 2015-Chapter 16
... The Trials of Stem Cell Therapy Edgar Irastorza was just 31 when his heart stopped beating in October 2008. He survived the heart attack, but the scar tissue that resulted cut his heart’s pumping ability by a third. He couldn’t pick up his children. He couldn’t dance. He fell asleep every night won ...
... The Trials of Stem Cell Therapy Edgar Irastorza was just 31 when his heart stopped beating in October 2008. He survived the heart attack, but the scar tissue that resulted cut his heart’s pumping ability by a third. He couldn’t pick up his children. He couldn’t dance. He fell asleep every night won ...
Class: 12 Subject: Biology Topic: Human Health and
... (i) Papaver somniferum (Poppy plant) and the addictive drug extracted from its latex is morphine. It is widely used as a sedative and an anxiolytic agent. It is widely used in small doses to relieve pain and induce sleep in cases of serious injuries, burns, fractures and surgeries. Its ...
... (i) Papaver somniferum (Poppy plant) and the addictive drug extracted from its latex is morphine. It is widely used as a sedative and an anxiolytic agent. It is widely used in small doses to relieve pain and induce sleep in cases of serious injuries, burns, fractures and surgeries. Its ...
Slide_14
... Selecting T cells that will only recognise antigens presented by an MHC molecule Otherwise, the whole system of antigen presentation will not work! The main idea behind MHC is focusing T cells. So show them to the cells, and the foreign exogenous antigen, so the concept is very imp to have the T cel ...
... Selecting T cells that will only recognise antigens presented by an MHC molecule Otherwise, the whole system of antigen presentation will not work! The main idea behind MHC is focusing T cells. So show them to the cells, and the foreign exogenous antigen, so the concept is very imp to have the T cel ...
disease emergence and re-emergence
... Infectious disease is one of the few genuine adventures left in the world. The dragons are all dead and the lance grows rusty in the chimney corner . . . About the only sporting proposition that remains unimpaired by the relentless domestication of a once free-living human species is the war ...
... Infectious disease is one of the few genuine adventures left in the world. The dragons are all dead and the lance grows rusty in the chimney corner . . . About the only sporting proposition that remains unimpaired by the relentless domestication of a once free-living human species is the war ...
Nature of The Immune System
... contains low levels of iron but high levels of transferrin. Complement - a group of proteins that are essential for bacterial destruction and plays an important role in both nonspecific and specific immune mechanisms. ...
... contains low levels of iron but high levels of transferrin. Complement - a group of proteins that are essential for bacterial destruction and plays an important role in both nonspecific and specific immune mechanisms. ...
Gamma
... Recognition of target cells by gd T cells The majority of gd T cells are activated in an MHC-independent manner, in striking contrast to MHCrestricted ab T cells. The antigens recognised by most gd T cells are still unknown. A small proportion of murine gd T cells (<1%) bind the MHC-I-related protei ...
... Recognition of target cells by gd T cells The majority of gd T cells are activated in an MHC-independent manner, in striking contrast to MHCrestricted ab T cells. The antigens recognised by most gd T cells are still unknown. A small proportion of murine gd T cells (<1%) bind the MHC-I-related protei ...
Lymphatic Lecture Notes Page
... General Non-Specific Defenses Phagocytes – Neutrophils, Macrophages Natural Killer Cells – lymphocytes that lyse/kill abnormal cells (cancerous & virus-infected cells) Proteins – complement & interferon Inflammation – vasodilation & increased capillary permeability (redness, heat, swelling, pai ...
... General Non-Specific Defenses Phagocytes – Neutrophils, Macrophages Natural Killer Cells – lymphocytes that lyse/kill abnormal cells (cancerous & virus-infected cells) Proteins – complement & interferon Inflammation – vasodilation & increased capillary permeability (redness, heat, swelling, pai ...
Lymphatic and Immune System
... Cell mediated immunity against virus infected cells and cancer cells Produced in bone marrow, matures in thymus Antigen must be present in groove of an MHC molecule Cytotoxic T cells destroy non-self protein-bearing cells Helper T cells secrete cytokines that control the immune response Lo ...
... Cell mediated immunity against virus infected cells and cancer cells Produced in bone marrow, matures in thymus Antigen must be present in groove of an MHC molecule Cytotoxic T cells destroy non-self protein-bearing cells Helper T cells secrete cytokines that control the immune response Lo ...
Webinar Slides 3-up - Nature`s Sunshine Products
... • 100 million different kinds of white blood cells that can be stimulated to tag cells with specific characteristics for destruction • Serves as the back up for the innate immune system and is regulated by signals from it • Type os antibodies • IgG – most abundant type • IgA – involved in mucosal (i ...
... • 100 million different kinds of white blood cells that can be stimulated to tag cells with specific characteristics for destruction • Serves as the back up for the innate immune system and is regulated by signals from it • Type os antibodies • IgG – most abundant type • IgA – involved in mucosal (i ...
Immunopathology I
... macrophages digest it and make it into amino acids that are no longer stimulatory for the T-cell, then the whole response comes down). If the antigen is hard for the macrophages to digest (like fungal cell walls, for example), then the macrophages can’t completely clear the material, the T-cells con ...
... macrophages digest it and make it into amino acids that are no longer stimulatory for the T-cell, then the whole response comes down). If the antigen is hard for the macrophages to digest (like fungal cell walls, for example), then the macrophages can’t completely clear the material, the T-cells con ...
File
... • They produce holes in the target cell, leading to it’s destruction • Clinical studies have shown that it is well tolerated and some antitumor responses have been seen in patients with lung cancer, melanoma and lymphoma • As the majority of pregnancies involve two parents who are not tissue matched ...
... • They produce holes in the target cell, leading to it’s destruction • Clinical studies have shown that it is well tolerated and some antitumor responses have been seen in patients with lung cancer, melanoma and lymphoma • As the majority of pregnancies involve two parents who are not tissue matched ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.