Consumption of Rice Bran Increases Mucosal
... were incubated with biotin rat anti-mouse IgA (C10-1; BD) at a dilution of 1:1,000 for 1 hour at room temperature. Next, plates were incubated with peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin ( Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA, USA) at a concentration of 1:1,500 for 20 minutes at room temperature. Plat ...
... were incubated with biotin rat anti-mouse IgA (C10-1; BD) at a dilution of 1:1,000 for 1 hour at room temperature. Next, plates were incubated with peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin ( Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA, USA) at a concentration of 1:1,500 for 20 minutes at room temperature. Plat ...
Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Activity of a Potential
... glycoproteins, the α and the β, which form a non-covalently bound complex. The open ends on the peptide-binding groove of the MHCII molecules get filled and blocked when the invariant chain prevents uncontrolled early binding thereby targeting it to an acidic endosomal compartment. The activated pro ...
... glycoproteins, the α and the β, which form a non-covalently bound complex. The open ends on the peptide-binding groove of the MHCII molecules get filled and blocked when the invariant chain prevents uncontrolled early binding thereby targeting it to an acidic endosomal compartment. The activated pro ...
Hannah Akuffo Publications 1990 to 1999
... Comparison of parasitological and immunological methods in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in Ethiopia.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1992 Mar-Apr;86(2):154-7. 41. Akuffo HO, Britton SF. Contribution of non-Leishmania-specific immunity to resistance to Leishmania infection in humans. Clin Exp Immunol. 199 ...
... Comparison of parasitological and immunological methods in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in Ethiopia.Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1992 Mar-Apr;86(2):154-7. 41. Akuffo HO, Britton SF. Contribution of non-Leishmania-specific immunity to resistance to Leishmania infection in humans. Clin Exp Immunol. 199 ...
Epithelial barrier and dendritic cell function in the intestinal mucosa
... types. It has been shown that immunosuppressive DC-derived exosomes are capable to suppress inflammatory responses in rheumatic arthritis. The exact mechanism is not clear, but it is likely that DC-derived exosomes are internalised by endogenous or follicular DCs to transfer molecules like MHC class ...
... types. It has been shown that immunosuppressive DC-derived exosomes are capable to suppress inflammatory responses in rheumatic arthritis. The exact mechanism is not clear, but it is likely that DC-derived exosomes are internalised by endogenous or follicular DCs to transfer molecules like MHC class ...
Hall - Autism Speaks
... Proper formation of connections in the brain during childhood provides the substrate for adult perception, learning, memory, and cognition. Tragically, improper formation or function of these connections leads to many neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. Autism spectrum disorder is a high ...
... Proper formation of connections in the brain during childhood provides the substrate for adult perception, learning, memory, and cognition. Tragically, improper formation or function of these connections leads to many neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. Autism spectrum disorder is a high ...
A Reservoir of Mature Cavity Macrophages that Can Rapidly Invade
... CD206+, CD64+, CD68+, CD11c+ CD115low, and CD102+, confirming they were macrophages but were different from Kupffer cells (Figure S1). Furthermore, CD102 has been identified as a specific marker for resident peritoneal macrophages and was present on macrophages in injury but not on Kupffer cells (Ok ...
... CD206+, CD64+, CD68+, CD11c+ CD115low, and CD102+, confirming they were macrophages but were different from Kupffer cells (Figure S1). Furthermore, CD102 has been identified as a specific marker for resident peritoneal macrophages and was present on macrophages in injury but not on Kupffer cells (Ok ...
Medical monitoring: CD4 cell counts
... ■ The treatment has stopped controlling the virus (this will be evident if the CD4 count has fallen below its previous level) ...
... ■ The treatment has stopped controlling the virus (this will be evident if the CD4 count has fallen below its previous level) ...
evolutionary causes and consequences of
... reducing lifespan in people prone to strong immune responses (Finch & Crimmins 2004). It is said that Chagas disease (#7 in Table 1) long debilitated and eventually killed Charles Darwin (Adler 1997), so infection-induced immunopathology may have even claimed one of evolutionary biology’s finest min ...
... reducing lifespan in people prone to strong immune responses (Finch & Crimmins 2004). It is said that Chagas disease (#7 in Table 1) long debilitated and eventually killed Charles Darwin (Adler 1997), so infection-induced immunopathology may have even claimed one of evolutionary biology’s finest min ...
A Diagnostic Target Against Clostridium bolteae
... pyranose. A) α-D-glucose ring closure and B) β-D-glucose ring closure.................. 2 Figure 2: A figure depicting the two chair conformations observed for the pyranose forms of sugars. The 4C1 configuration is named such due to the C4 being positioned upwards in space, with the C1 positioned do ...
... pyranose. A) α-D-glucose ring closure and B) β-D-glucose ring closure.................. 2 Figure 2: A figure depicting the two chair conformations observed for the pyranose forms of sugars. The 4C1 configuration is named such due to the C4 being positioned upwards in space, with the C1 positioned do ...
Leukocyte IGF-1 Receptor Expression during Muscle Recovery
... and the up-regulation of IGF-1 in skeletal muscle seems to be protective against muscle damage (11) and beneficial for regeneration (44). Among the several cell types that contain IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1R) to elicit cellular growth are immune cells (38). IGF1R are prevalent on the surface of human pe ...
... and the up-regulation of IGF-1 in skeletal muscle seems to be protective against muscle damage (11) and beneficial for regeneration (44). Among the several cell types that contain IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1R) to elicit cellular growth are immune cells (38). IGF1R are prevalent on the surface of human pe ...
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL
... cells or circulating eosinophils, we found that small intestinal eosinophils have a unique ability to constitutively secrete high levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a natural inhibitor of IL-1β. Moreover, small intestinal eosinophils isolated from IL-1Ra−deficient mice failed to suppress T ...
... cells or circulating eosinophils, we found that small intestinal eosinophils have a unique ability to constitutively secrete high levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a natural inhibitor of IL-1β. Moreover, small intestinal eosinophils isolated from IL-1Ra−deficient mice failed to suppress T ...
... T-cell activation requires T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement by antigen and interaction between costimulatory molecules on T-cells and their ligands on APCs [2]. Interaction between ICAM-1 and its ligand LFA-1 may be bidirectional in that both can be expressed by T-cells as well as some APCs. However ...
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL
... cells or circulating eosinophils, we found that small intestinal eosinophils have a unique ability to constitutively secrete high levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a natural inhibitor of IL-1β. Moreover, small intestinal eosinophils isolated from IL-1Ra−deficient mice failed to suppress T ...
... cells or circulating eosinophils, we found that small intestinal eosinophils have a unique ability to constitutively secrete high levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a natural inhibitor of IL-1β. Moreover, small intestinal eosinophils isolated from IL-1Ra−deficient mice failed to suppress T ...
Architecture for an Artificial Immune System
... Lymphocytes are called negative detectors because they are trained to bind to nonself; i.e. when a lymphocyte is activated, the IS responds as if nonself were detected. This simple form of learning is known as tolerization, because the lymphocytes are trained to be tolerant of self. Lymphocytes are ...
... Lymphocytes are called negative detectors because they are trained to bind to nonself; i.e. when a lymphocyte is activated, the IS responds as if nonself were detected. This simple form of learning is known as tolerization, because the lymphocytes are trained to be tolerant of self. Lymphocytes are ...
Journal of Autoimmunity
... need exists to develop a biomarker that will indicate underlying autoimmunity, changes as the disease progresses, and can be followed serially for evidence of therapeutic efficacy. In T1D subjects, frequencies of islet antigen reactive CD4þ, and CD8þ T-cells [9e12] are higher compared to healthy dono ...
... need exists to develop a biomarker that will indicate underlying autoimmunity, changes as the disease progresses, and can be followed serially for evidence of therapeutic efficacy. In T1D subjects, frequencies of islet antigen reactive CD4þ, and CD8þ T-cells [9e12] are higher compared to healthy dono ...
An evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties
... 1.1.1 Characteristics of humates .......................................................................................2 1.1.2 A brief history of the therapeutic uses of humates ..................................................4 1.1.3 General physiological effects of humates ...................... ...
... 1.1.1 Characteristics of humates .......................................................................................2 1.1.2 A brief history of the therapeutic uses of humates ..................................................4 1.1.3 General physiological effects of humates ...................... ...
Lymphoid follicles in (very) severe COPD: beneficial or harmful? REVIEW
... proliferation. The B-cells were mainly IgM-positive and IgDnegative, which suggests that these B-cells may have been activated to some extent. Moreover, a predominant part of the infiltrate appeared to be CD27-positive, a marker for memory B-cells [19]. Interestingly, CD138-positive (plasma) cells w ...
... proliferation. The B-cells were mainly IgM-positive and IgDnegative, which suggests that these B-cells may have been activated to some extent. Moreover, a predominant part of the infiltrate appeared to be CD27-positive, a marker for memory B-cells [19]. Interestingly, CD138-positive (plasma) cells w ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... 1.1 B lymphocytes and BCR Among the lymphocytes involved in the adaptive immune response, the B cells are unique as they are the only cells that can differentiate into antibody-secreting cells and initiate a humoral immune response. Antibodies neutralize toxins from the invading microbe and opsonize ...
... 1.1 B lymphocytes and BCR Among the lymphocytes involved in the adaptive immune response, the B cells are unique as they are the only cells that can differentiate into antibody-secreting cells and initiate a humoral immune response. Antibodies neutralize toxins from the invading microbe and opsonize ...
The use of antibodies in the treatment of infectious diseases
... for antibodies generated in vitro due to the lower affinity ...
... for antibodies generated in vitro due to the lower affinity ...
A hemolysis–hemagglutination assay for characterizing
... enhancing survival of the host seems to be in early resistance against infection’ [4]. For example, NAbs against the parasite Plasmodium lophurae have been identified in White Leghorn chickens (Gallus domesticus) [27]. Also, NAbs at naturally occurring concentrations have been shown to kill bacteria ...
... enhancing survival of the host seems to be in early resistance against infection’ [4]. For example, NAbs against the parasite Plasmodium lophurae have been identified in White Leghorn chickens (Gallus domesticus) [27]. Also, NAbs at naturally occurring concentrations have been shown to kill bacteria ...
Responses of Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells to Pathogens
... stimulated proliferation of bEEC (maximum observed at 8 µg/mL LPS). The strong increase in cell numbers by 72 h was not associated with an increase in apoptosis, but this occurred with higher LPS doses. Analysis of protein pro-files revealed deregulation of 38 proteins belonging to many pathways, so ...
... stimulated proliferation of bEEC (maximum observed at 8 µg/mL LPS). The strong increase in cell numbers by 72 h was not associated with an increase in apoptosis, but this occurred with higher LPS doses. Analysis of protein pro-files revealed deregulation of 38 proteins belonging to many pathways, so ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.