Virulence and Pathogenicity of Fungal
... by inducing transcriptional and translational changes that promote survival under the newest environmental conditions. When fungi enter the mammalian host their lifestyle changes from saprophytic to parasitic. As saprophytes, fungi survive in an environment with a moderate ambient temperature and pH ...
... by inducing transcriptional and translational changes that promote survival under the newest environmental conditions. When fungi enter the mammalian host their lifestyle changes from saprophytic to parasitic. As saprophytes, fungi survive in an environment with a moderate ambient temperature and pH ...
List of Publications: As a Corresponding/Senior Author 1. Tumor
... 13. Neem leaf glycoprotein is superior than Cisplatin and Sunitinib malate in restricting melanoma growth by normalization of tumor microenvironment (2013) Barik S, Bhuniya A, Banerjee S, Das A, Sarkar M, Paul T, Ghosh T, Ghosh S, Roy S, Pal S, Bose A, Baral R. Int Immunopharmacol, 17, 42-49. Impact ...
... 13. Neem leaf glycoprotein is superior than Cisplatin and Sunitinib malate in restricting melanoma growth by normalization of tumor microenvironment (2013) Barik S, Bhuniya A, Banerjee S, Das A, Sarkar M, Paul T, Ghosh T, Ghosh S, Roy S, Pal S, Bose A, Baral R. Int Immunopharmacol, 17, 42-49. Impact ...
Virulence and Pathogenicity of Fungal Pathogens with
... by inducing transcriptional and translational changes that promote survival under the newest environmental conditions. When fungi enter the mammalian host their lifestyle changes from saprophytic to parasitic. As saprophytes, fungi survive in an environment with a moderate ambient temperature and pH ...
... by inducing transcriptional and translational changes that promote survival under the newest environmental conditions. When fungi enter the mammalian host their lifestyle changes from saprophytic to parasitic. As saprophytes, fungi survive in an environment with a moderate ambient temperature and pH ...
The role of inflammation in cutaneous repair
... enter the wound and differentiate in situ into wound-associated macrophages. They continue to enter the wound in large numbers over then next 48 hours, and their numbers remain stable until 4 to 5 days post-injury when they begin to decrease, reaching steady-state levels by day 149,12. The macrophag ...
... enter the wound and differentiate in situ into wound-associated macrophages. They continue to enter the wound in large numbers over then next 48 hours, and their numbers remain stable until 4 to 5 days post-injury when they begin to decrease, reaching steady-state levels by day 149,12. The macrophag ...
Immune Notes 1 - Little Miami Schools
... -Species resistance—genetic characteristics of a species (like Homo sapiens) innately defend against certain pathogens our bodies are not suitable for certain pathogens that affect other animals ...
... -Species resistance—genetic characteristics of a species (like Homo sapiens) innately defend against certain pathogens our bodies are not suitable for certain pathogens that affect other animals ...
Mistletoe in the treatment of malignant melanoma
... tumor-antigen-specific immunotherapy of cancer because of their critical role in mounting a specific immune response where their intratumoral and peritumoral density as well as their functional status are correlated with clinical staging of the disease and patient’s survival [24-37]. DC originates f ...
... tumor-antigen-specific immunotherapy of cancer because of their critical role in mounting a specific immune response where their intratumoral and peritumoral density as well as their functional status are correlated with clinical staging of the disease and patient’s survival [24-37]. DC originates f ...
C YTOKINES AND IMMUNE BALANCE IN PREECLAMPSIA
... Preeclampsia is one of the most feared pregnancy complications, with a risk of maternal and fetal death and with no ideal therapy readily available. The cause of this strictly pregnancyrelated disease is still unknown and is therefore a great challenge to all researchers in the field of pregnancy-re ...
... Preeclampsia is one of the most feared pregnancy complications, with a risk of maternal and fetal death and with no ideal therapy readily available. The cause of this strictly pregnancyrelated disease is still unknown and is therefore a great challenge to all researchers in the field of pregnancy-re ...
Reprint - Institute of Biochemistry - Goethe
... Protein degradation in the cytosol occurs mainly by the proteasome, a multicatalytic protease complex found in organisms of all three domains of life (eukarya, bacteria, and archaea).[24, 25] The proteasome contains a 20S (ca. 700 kDa) core composed of 28 subunits, which are arranged in four stacks ...
... Protein degradation in the cytosol occurs mainly by the proteasome, a multicatalytic protease complex found in organisms of all three domains of life (eukarya, bacteria, and archaea).[24, 25] The proteasome contains a 20S (ca. 700 kDa) core composed of 28 subunits, which are arranged in four stacks ...
The Role of Nrf2 in Cellular Innate Immune Response to
... caused by oxidative stress and cytokinemia (Yachie et al., 2003). Up-regulation of HO-1 ameliorated the inflammatory damages in an endotoxic shock model (Tamion et al., 2007), airway mucus (Almolki et al., 2008), vascular endothelium (Lin et al., 2008), colon (Horvath et al., 2008), and brain (Cuadr ...
... caused by oxidative stress and cytokinemia (Yachie et al., 2003). Up-regulation of HO-1 ameliorated the inflammatory damages in an endotoxic shock model (Tamion et al., 2007), airway mucus (Almolki et al., 2008), vascular endothelium (Lin et al., 2008), colon (Horvath et al., 2008), and brain (Cuadr ...
Infantile respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections: respective
... epithelial damage, sloughing off of epithelium, mucus production and ultimately airway obstruction [35]. In both humans and experimental animals, RSV replication is followed by necrosis of the bronchiolar epithelium with subsequent submucosal oedema, recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymp ...
... epithelial damage, sloughing off of epithelium, mucus production and ultimately airway obstruction [35]. In both humans and experimental animals, RSV replication is followed by necrosis of the bronchiolar epithelium with subsequent submucosal oedema, recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymp ...
Immune Recognition HLA-E, F, and G in Maternal
... NKG2A complex as an inhibitory receptor, recognizing this class Ib molecule by using as the target a .221 transfectant selectively expressing surface HLA-E (27). An interesting result that may connect the functions of HLA-E and G is the observation that when HLA-E is provided with the HLA-G-derived ...
... NKG2A complex as an inhibitory receptor, recognizing this class Ib molecule by using as the target a .221 transfectant selectively expressing surface HLA-E (27). An interesting result that may connect the functions of HLA-E and G is the observation that when HLA-E is provided with the HLA-G-derived ...
Sequential follow up observations of a patient with rubella
... in Terasaki plates for seven days in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% human AB plasma and containing the antigen to be tested, with multiple identical control unstimulated cultures being included in all tests. Standard harvesting methods followed exposure of the cultured lymphocytes to [3H]thymidin ...
... in Terasaki plates for seven days in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% human AB plasma and containing the antigen to be tested, with multiple identical control unstimulated cultures being included in all tests. Standard harvesting methods followed exposure of the cultured lymphocytes to [3H]thymidin ...
COMMITTEE FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN USE (CHMP)
... towards the desired response to vaccine antigens. Advantages of adjuvants include the enhancement of the immunogenicity of antigens, modification of the nature of the immune response, the reduction of the antigen amount needed for a successful immunisation, the reduction of the frequency of booster ...
... towards the desired response to vaccine antigens. Advantages of adjuvants include the enhancement of the immunogenicity of antigens, modification of the nature of the immune response, the reduction of the antigen amount needed for a successful immunisation, the reduction of the frequency of booster ...
Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidases in Health and
... pigpen, a nuclear coiled body component protein involved in angiogenesis [39,40]. However, how pigpen interacts with ERAP1 to promote angiogenesis and whether pigpen is a substrate for ERAP1 remain to be established. 4. Alteration of ERAP Functions in Human Diseases ERAP1 and ERAP2 are highly polymo ...
... pigpen, a nuclear coiled body component protein involved in angiogenesis [39,40]. However, how pigpen interacts with ERAP1 to promote angiogenesis and whether pigpen is a substrate for ERAP1 remain to be established. 4. Alteration of ERAP Functions in Human Diseases ERAP1 and ERAP2 are highly polymo ...
autoimmunity - Thyroid Disease Manager
... approximately equal ratios of T and B cells. B lymphocytes synthesize immunoglobulins that are first expressed on their membranes as clonally distributed antigen-specific receptors and then secreted as antibodies following antigenic stimulation. The ability of the immune system to recognize antigens ...
... approximately equal ratios of T and B cells. B lymphocytes synthesize immunoglobulins that are first expressed on their membranes as clonally distributed antigen-specific receptors and then secreted as antibodies following antigenic stimulation. The ability of the immune system to recognize antigens ...
Human-specific evolution of killer cell immunoglobulin
... In placental mammals, natural killer (NK) cells are a population of lymphocytes that make unique contributions to immune defence and reproduction, functions essential for survival of individuals, populations and species. Modulating these functions are conserved and variable NK-cell receptors that re ...
... In placental mammals, natural killer (NK) cells are a population of lymphocytes that make unique contributions to immune defence and reproduction, functions essential for survival of individuals, populations and species. Modulating these functions are conserved and variable NK-cell receptors that re ...
Treg and CTLA-4: Two intertwining pathways to
... the basis of their CD45 isoform usage [36], or their expression of CD38 [37] or CD25 [38e41]. It is now well established that Treg are essential for the maintenance of tolerance to self-tissues (particularly those that announce their presence via secretory function) as well as regulating responses t ...
... the basis of their CD45 isoform usage [36], or their expression of CD38 [37] or CD25 [38e41]. It is now well established that Treg are essential for the maintenance of tolerance to self-tissues (particularly those that announce their presence via secretory function) as well as regulating responses t ...
Toward an Inclusive, Congruent, and Precise Definition of
... autoimmunity and/or uncontrolled hyperinflammation in addition to autoinflammation (Table 1) (14–19). The IL-1-driven diseases activate adaptive immunity by differentiation of CD4+ T cells toward a Th17 response. For example, in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), there is ...
... autoimmunity and/or uncontrolled hyperinflammation in addition to autoinflammation (Table 1) (14–19). The IL-1-driven diseases activate adaptive immunity by differentiation of CD4+ T cells toward a Th17 response. For example, in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), there is ...
Modulation of interferon gamma response
... array of cellular programs through transcriptional regulation of immunologically relevant genes and it is reported that the bovine colostrum contains high levels of IFNγ [3]. It has been suggested that IFN-γ orchestrates leucocyte attraction and directs growth, maturation, and differentiation of man ...
... array of cellular programs through transcriptional regulation of immunologically relevant genes and it is reported that the bovine colostrum contains high levels of IFNγ [3]. It has been suggested that IFN-γ orchestrates leucocyte attraction and directs growth, maturation, and differentiation of man ...
Inflammasomes Reassessing the Evolutionary Importance of
... cannot eradicate S. typhimurium but merely slow its kinetics, which could be beneficial in that the animal may survive long enough to develop an adaptive immune response. In further support of this hypothesis, mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes that survive to days 7–8 postinfection are able ...
... cannot eradicate S. typhimurium but merely slow its kinetics, which could be beneficial in that the animal may survive long enough to develop an adaptive immune response. In further support of this hypothesis, mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes that survive to days 7–8 postinfection are able ...
Full-Text PDF
... The local production of complement components by MNP has been shown to alter their function [46]. C1q enhances the receptor-mediated uptake of disease-associated PrP by classical dendritic cells (see section 2.4.2 below) [47]. The association of C1q with PrPSc may alter the downstream processing by ...
... The local production of complement components by MNP has been shown to alter their function [46]. C1q enhances the receptor-mediated uptake of disease-associated PrP by classical dendritic cells (see section 2.4.2 below) [47]. The association of C1q with PrPSc may alter the downstream processing by ...
Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis
... Although complement is commonly depicted as a linear cascade of separate pathways, it is essentially a hub-like network that is tightly connected to other systems (Supplementary Fig. 1). Depending on the trigger, several initiation and regulatory mechanisms act together to produce an anticipated res ...
... Although complement is commonly depicted as a linear cascade of separate pathways, it is essentially a hub-like network that is tightly connected to other systems (Supplementary Fig. 1). Depending on the trigger, several initiation and regulatory mechanisms act together to produce an anticipated res ...
cross-talk between human nk cells and macrophages
... Natural killer (NK) cells are important effectors of innate immune responses providing cellular immunity against tumor-transformed and virally-infected cells. The existence of cross-talks between NK cells and myeloid cells, in particular dendritic cells, is well established, but information on the c ...
... Natural killer (NK) cells are important effectors of innate immune responses providing cellular immunity against tumor-transformed and virally-infected cells. The existence of cross-talks between NK cells and myeloid cells, in particular dendritic cells, is well established, but information on the c ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.