Chapter 5
... Recent therapeutic advances are turning cancer into a more chronic disease. With patients being treated on and off with cytotoxic drugs in order to control metastasis, the effects of such treatment on the immune system in the long run should be considered. Safeguarding the immune competence of cance ...
... Recent therapeutic advances are turning cancer into a more chronic disease. With patients being treated on and off with cytotoxic drugs in order to control metastasis, the effects of such treatment on the immune system in the long run should be considered. Safeguarding the immune competence of cance ...
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Intratumoral Immune Cells Reveal the
... *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.10.003 2Université ...
... *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.10.003 2Université ...
Postprint
... appear to contribute to immunological parasite growth control or disease resistance against L. major despite its known function as key player in anti-microbial defence, regeneration and protection against damage (Wolk et al., 2010). Our results add to those of Wilson et al., who showed that neutrali ...
... appear to contribute to immunological parasite growth control or disease resistance against L. major despite its known function as key player in anti-microbial defence, regeneration and protection against damage (Wolk et al., 2010). Our results add to those of Wilson et al., who showed that neutrali ...
Regulation of the immune response by programmed cell death
... was awarded "for their discoveries concerning the 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'". Brenner established the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism and studied organ and neuronal development. The first genes and gene products that control apoptosis wer ...
... was awarded "for their discoveries concerning the 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'". Brenner established the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism and studied organ and neuronal development. The first genes and gene products that control apoptosis wer ...
B-cell responses to vaccination at the extremes of age
... moreover, immature DC–T-cell interactions might also limit infant IgG responses. In addition, neonatal CD4+ T-cell responses differ from those elicited later in life, showing preferential T-helper-2-cell polarization (reviewed in ref. 10). This could either support or limit neonatal antibody respons ...
... moreover, immature DC–T-cell interactions might also limit infant IgG responses. In addition, neonatal CD4+ T-cell responses differ from those elicited later in life, showing preferential T-helper-2-cell polarization (reviewed in ref. 10). This could either support or limit neonatal antibody respons ...
Zinc Importer ZIP2 and the Dendritic Cell Response to Histoplasma
... University of Cincinnati College of Medicine ...
... University of Cincinnati College of Medicine ...
Full-Text PDF - Journal Issues
... cells (T/B lymphocytes) in the spleens of CVT-E002consuming and control-diet alopecic mice, while Table 1B provides the equivalent data for the bone marrow of these mice. The results indicate that in both the spleen and bone marrow, NK cells and non-NK cells were significantly increased quantitative ...
... cells (T/B lymphocytes) in the spleens of CVT-E002consuming and control-diet alopecic mice, while Table 1B provides the equivalent data for the bone marrow of these mice. The results indicate that in both the spleen and bone marrow, NK cells and non-NK cells were significantly increased quantitative ...
B lymphocyte activation by contact
... Although B lymphocytes express receptors that can bind many different soluble biologically active molecules, such as lymphokines and chemokines, the development of affinity maturation and a highly effective humoral memory response require receipt by the B cell of contact-mediated signals from an act ...
... Although B lymphocytes express receptors that can bind many different soluble biologically active molecules, such as lymphokines and chemokines, the development of affinity maturation and a highly effective humoral memory response require receipt by the B cell of contact-mediated signals from an act ...
Cell-surface C-type lectin-like receptor CLEC-1
... Dendritic cells (DCs) represent essential antigen-presenting cells that are critical for linking innate and adaptive immunity, and influencing T-cell responses. Among pattern recognition receptors, DCs express C-type lectin receptors triggered by both exogenous and endogenous ligands, therefore dicta ...
... Dendritic cells (DCs) represent essential antigen-presenting cells that are critical for linking innate and adaptive immunity, and influencing T-cell responses. Among pattern recognition receptors, DCs express C-type lectin receptors triggered by both exogenous and endogenous ligands, therefore dicta ...
Unit 4 - eduBuzz.org
... can be either innate or acquired. Innate immunity is inborn, non-specific, and does not change over time. Examples include: ...
... can be either innate or acquired. Innate immunity is inborn, non-specific, and does not change over time. Examples include: ...
SQA CfE Higher Human Biology Unit 4: Immunology and Public Health
... can be either innate or acquired. Innate immunity is inborn, non-specific, and does not change over time. Examples include: • phagocytosis by phagocytes; • skin epithelial cells; • mucus membranes of the lungs and gut; • ciliated cells of the respiratory tract; • lysozyme in tears. Acquired immunity ...
... can be either innate or acquired. Innate immunity is inborn, non-specific, and does not change over time. Examples include: • phagocytosis by phagocytes; • skin epithelial cells; • mucus membranes of the lungs and gut; • ciliated cells of the respiratory tract; • lysozyme in tears. Acquired immunity ...
CTLA-4
... the non-redundant function of IL-2 is in controlling immune responses (generalized autoimmune disease) ...
... the non-redundant function of IL-2 is in controlling immune responses (generalized autoimmune disease) ...
cancer treatment that uses monoclonal antibodies (download only)
... get around this, the spleen cells were fused with special human myeloma cells. These myeloma cells can replicate indefinitely and are regularly used by scientists for research. The fused cells are called hybridomas. Once the cells have grown enough, they are screened to find a cell that produces an ...
... get around this, the spleen cells were fused with special human myeloma cells. These myeloma cells can replicate indefinitely and are regularly used by scientists for research. The fused cells are called hybridomas. Once the cells have grown enough, they are screened to find a cell that produces an ...
Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
... epithelial cells to express chemokines and colonystimulating factors, and it is essential for neutrophil-mediated host defense during klebsiella pneumonia.64 During such infection, interleukin-17 is produced by T cells, and its production is stimulated by another signal from macrophages — interleuki ...
... epithelial cells to express chemokines and colonystimulating factors, and it is essential for neutrophil-mediated host defense during klebsiella pneumonia.64 During such infection, interleukin-17 is produced by T cells, and its production is stimulated by another signal from macrophages — interleuki ...
In vivo imaging using bioluminescence
... responses must be both rapid and sustained. In addition, effector cells of the immune system provide immune surveillance against malignancy and promote tissue remodelling and repair. The importance of a normal immune response is further exemplified by the observation that patients with many diseases ...
... responses must be both rapid and sustained. In addition, effector cells of the immune system provide immune surveillance against malignancy and promote tissue remodelling and repair. The importance of a normal immune response is further exemplified by the observation that patients with many diseases ...
Anti–4-1BB Monoclonal Antibodies Abrogate T Cell
... The 4-1BB receptor (CDw137), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been shown to costimulate the activation of T cells. Here we show that anti–mouse 4-1BB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibit thymus-dependent antibody production by B cells. Injection of anti–4-1BB mAbs into ...
... The 4-1BB receptor (CDw137), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been shown to costimulate the activation of T cells. Here we show that anti–mouse 4-1BB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibit thymus-dependent antibody production by B cells. Injection of anti–4-1BB mAbs into ...
Cellular and Gene Therapy for Major Histocompatibility Complex
... the T cell repertoire by directing positive and negative selection in the thymus, and they initiate and regulate immune responses by presenting antigenic peptides to the receptor of CD4+ T helper lymphocytes. They also participate in the activation of the antigen-presenting cells on which they are e ...
... the T cell repertoire by directing positive and negative selection in the thymus, and they initiate and regulate immune responses by presenting antigenic peptides to the receptor of CD4+ T helper lymphocytes. They also participate in the activation of the antigen-presenting cells on which they are e ...
The Lymphatic System
... Lymphocytes evolve from pluripotent stem cells located in the bone marrow, and differentiate into two major functional cell types: 1. B lymphocytes, comprising the humoral immune system, whose ultimate function is the production of antibodies 2. T lymphocytes, comprising the cellular immune system, ...
... Lymphocytes evolve from pluripotent stem cells located in the bone marrow, and differentiate into two major functional cell types: 1. B lymphocytes, comprising the humoral immune system, whose ultimate function is the production of antibodies 2. T lymphocytes, comprising the cellular immune system, ...
Training Handout - Science Olympiad
... • Calcium, mainly released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), functions as the excitationcontraction coupler in cardiac muscle, as in skeletal muscle, by combining with troponin. o The major signal for calcium release from the SR is calcium entering through voltage-gated calcium channels in the p ...
... • Calcium, mainly released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), functions as the excitationcontraction coupler in cardiac muscle, as in skeletal muscle, by combining with troponin. o The major signal for calcium release from the SR is calcium entering through voltage-gated calcium channels in the p ...
Renal-CPC-17-y-old
... erythematosus (SLE). Two general hypotheses have been proposed to explain the genetic association with disease. a | The clearance hypothesis states that failure to clear apoptotic bodies — a principal source of SLE antigens — leads to inappropriate activation of mature, self-reactive B and T cells. ...
... erythematosus (SLE). Two general hypotheses have been proposed to explain the genetic association with disease. a | The clearance hypothesis states that failure to clear apoptotic bodies — a principal source of SLE antigens — leads to inappropriate activation of mature, self-reactive B and T cells. ...
The Role of a Cytophilic Factor from Challenged
... supernatants for 24 hr and cytotoxicity of these armed macrophages was tested. The production of the factor, as measured by the arming capacity, decreases before the cytotoxicity of the peritoneal macrophages. The Factor in the Peritoneal Cavity. The factor is produced in a challenged but not in an ...
... supernatants for 24 hr and cytotoxicity of these armed macrophages was tested. The production of the factor, as measured by the arming capacity, decreases before the cytotoxicity of the peritoneal macrophages. The Factor in the Peritoneal Cavity. The factor is produced in a challenged but not in an ...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
... • Interpretation of results. – No bands, negative. – In order to be interpreted as positive a minimum of 3 bands directed against the following antigens must be present: p24, p31, gp41 or gp120/160. ...
... • Interpretation of results. – No bands, negative. – In order to be interpreted as positive a minimum of 3 bands directed against the following antigens must be present: p24, p31, gp41 or gp120/160. ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.