and B-‐cell Responses against Human Cytomegalovirus after
... CMV reactivation. This finding may also aid to design better strategies to improve antiCMV immune responses without increasing the risk to develop GVHD. For our 3rd and 4th study we wanted to investigate the reconstitution of humoral immunity against CMV after HSCT. We screened the entire CMV proteo ...
... CMV reactivation. This finding may also aid to design better strategies to improve antiCMV immune responses without increasing the risk to develop GVHD. For our 3rd and 4th study we wanted to investigate the reconstitution of humoral immunity against CMV after HSCT. We screened the entire CMV proteo ...
Targeting lentiviral vectors to specific cell types in vivo
... are natural gene delivery systems, and much effort has been focused on engineering viral vectors as gene transfer vehicles (1, 2). Among these vectors, ones derived from oncoretroviruses and lentiviruses exhibit promising features because they have the ability to produce stable transduction, maintai ...
... are natural gene delivery systems, and much effort has been focused on engineering viral vectors as gene transfer vehicles (1, 2). Among these vectors, ones derived from oncoretroviruses and lentiviruses exhibit promising features because they have the ability to produce stable transduction, maintai ...
The Science of HIV Vaccines
... The antigens presented on the surface of dendritic cells/macrophages are the keys. There are many millions of antigens, and humans have the remarkable ability to generate T cells that lock into a huge number of these antigens, allowing the body to mount a sustained immune response against an enormou ...
... The antigens presented on the surface of dendritic cells/macrophages are the keys. There are many millions of antigens, and humans have the remarkable ability to generate T cells that lock into a huge number of these antigens, allowing the body to mount a sustained immune response against an enormou ...
Role and therapeutic value of dendritic cells in central
... mTECs results in the depletion of high affinity self-reactive clones and the differentiation of natural Tregs.27–29 Thymic DCs cross-present tissue-specific antigens expressed by mTECs.30,31 Moreover, peripheral DCs migrate to the thymus where they present peripheral antigens.32,33 Taken together, t ...
... mTECs results in the depletion of high affinity self-reactive clones and the differentiation of natural Tregs.27–29 Thymic DCs cross-present tissue-specific antigens expressed by mTECs.30,31 Moreover, peripheral DCs migrate to the thymus where they present peripheral antigens.32,33 Taken together, t ...
Review Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Leading Edge Sergei I. Grivennikov,
... The presence of leukocytes within tumors, observed in the 19th century by Rudolf Virchow, provided the first indication of a possible link between inflammation and cancer. Yet, it is only during the last decade that clear evidence has been obtained that inflammation plays a critical role in tumorige ...
... The presence of leukocytes within tumors, observed in the 19th century by Rudolf Virchow, provided the first indication of a possible link between inflammation and cancer. Yet, it is only during the last decade that clear evidence has been obtained that inflammation plays a critical role in tumorige ...
Innate Immune Responses in HIV-Infection
... pathway, C1, binds the Fc region of either natural or specific IgG antibody immunecomplexed with viral antigen. The classical pathway is also triggered in an antibodyindependent manner when C1 directly binds to virions or infected cells. The alternative pathway is activated by direct recognition of ...
... pathway, C1, binds the Fc region of either natural or specific IgG antibody immunecomplexed with viral antigen. The classical pathway is also triggered in an antibodyindependent manner when C1 directly binds to virions or infected cells. The alternative pathway is activated by direct recognition of ...
The presence of cytotoxic autoantibody to lacrimal gland cells
... spontaneously and develop diseases which mimic systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome in humans.4-5'8'9 The predominant immunologic feature of NZB/W mice is the presence of hyperactive B-cells early in life. This results in the abundant production of various autoantibodies such as antin ...
... spontaneously and develop diseases which mimic systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome in humans.4-5'8'9 The predominant immunologic feature of NZB/W mice is the presence of hyperactive B-cells early in life. This results in the abundant production of various autoantibodies such as antin ...
Caspase-2-Dependent Dendritic Cell Death, Maturation, and
... the use of different Brucella strains [17]. Rough attenuated B. abortus strain 45/20 and B. suis manB mutant were found to induce strong DC maturation and Th1 responses [15]. While heat-killed, c-irradiated, and live rough strain RB51 induced higher levels of DC activation compared to smooth virulen ...
... the use of different Brucella strains [17]. Rough attenuated B. abortus strain 45/20 and B. suis manB mutant were found to induce strong DC maturation and Th1 responses [15]. While heat-killed, c-irradiated, and live rough strain RB51 induced higher levels of DC activation compared to smooth virulen ...
Rethinking the role of immunity: lessons from Hydra
... recognition of conserved microbial components in Hydra. The evolutionary conservation of the NLRs underlines their significance in host–microbe interactions. Microbial colonization of Hydra epithelia All animals, ranging from simple invertebrates to primates, are host to complex microbial communitie ...
... recognition of conserved microbial components in Hydra. The evolutionary conservation of the NLRs underlines their significance in host–microbe interactions. Microbial colonization of Hydra epithelia All animals, ranging from simple invertebrates to primates, are host to complex microbial communitie ...
Th17 development
... differentiation of precursors in the other cell subset2. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) for instance is produced by the Th1 subset and down-regulates proliferation of Th2 cells. In turn, Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 can block IL-12 production, thereby reducing differentiation into Th12. This cross-regulat ...
... differentiation of precursors in the other cell subset2. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) for instance is produced by the Th1 subset and down-regulates proliferation of Th2 cells. In turn, Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 can block IL-12 production, thereby reducing differentiation into Th12. This cross-regulat ...
Review Article Mechanisms of action of CD20 antibodies
... [52]. RTX efficiently binds C1q, activates complement in vitro and induce complementdependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in lymphoma cell lines and primary tumor cells [11, 53]. A number of studies suggest a beneficial role for complement during RTX therapy, often based on the detection of tumor evasion mec ...
... [52]. RTX efficiently binds C1q, activates complement in vitro and induce complementdependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in lymphoma cell lines and primary tumor cells [11, 53]. A number of studies suggest a beneficial role for complement during RTX therapy, often based on the detection of tumor evasion mec ...
Antiviral activity of Engystol® and Gripp-Heel®: an in
... GH: 28.6% at 1:5 dilution). Antiviral activity of GrippHeel® against RSV was found only after 2 h pre-incubation (26.1%); also for Para 3, the best inhibitory effect was determined after 2 h (29.2%). Through our evaluation of the prophylactic activity, we observed that the pre-incubation time influe ...
... GH: 28.6% at 1:5 dilution). Antiviral activity of GrippHeel® against RSV was found only after 2 h pre-incubation (26.1%); also for Para 3, the best inhibitory effect was determined after 2 h (29.2%). Through our evaluation of the prophylactic activity, we observed that the pre-incubation time influe ...
An Investigation into the Source of Power for AIRS, an Artificial
... Computing Laboratory, University of Kent at Canterbury Canterbury, Kent, England. U.K. CT2 7NF ...
... Computing Laboratory, University of Kent at Canterbury Canterbury, Kent, England. U.K. CT2 7NF ...
Enhanced T cell activation in Plasmodium falciparum malaria
... possible for only 33 of these patients (Fig. 2). There was no significant difference in the PD of the co-infected patients (median = 8,326 parasites/µL, IQR - 1,087-20,357 parasites/µL, n = 14) compared to the malaria only patients (median = 3,308 parasites/µL, IQR - 1,013-8,050 parasites/µL, n = 19 ...
... possible for only 33 of these patients (Fig. 2). There was no significant difference in the PD of the co-infected patients (median = 8,326 parasites/µL, IQR - 1,087-20,357 parasites/µL, n = 14) compared to the malaria only patients (median = 3,308 parasites/µL, IQR - 1,013-8,050 parasites/µL, n = 19 ...
Piperine inhibits cytokine production by human peripheral blood
... calculated. Actinomycin D (Act D), a known anti-cancer drug, at 1 µg/mL, was used as a positive control. The results are reported as means ± SD. Asterisks indicate significant difference from control (P < 0.05). Genetics and Molecular Research 11 (1): 617-627 (2012) ...
... calculated. Actinomycin D (Act D), a known anti-cancer drug, at 1 µg/mL, was used as a positive control. The results are reported as means ± SD. Asterisks indicate significant difference from control (P < 0.05). Genetics and Molecular Research 11 (1): 617-627 (2012) ...
Critical review Free radical biology in cellular inflammation related to
... derived bioactive lipids, including prostaglandin E2, are potent inflammatory mediators. PGE2 increases vascular permeability along with other vasoactive components such as histamine, bradykinin or nitric oxide thereby causing oedema, pain and hyperalgesia at the local inflammatory ...
... derived bioactive lipids, including prostaglandin E2, are potent inflammatory mediators. PGE2 increases vascular permeability along with other vasoactive components such as histamine, bradykinin or nitric oxide thereby causing oedema, pain and hyperalgesia at the local inflammatory ...
Ectopic lymphoid follicles - ORCA
... named according to their site of development (e.g. inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue; iBALT). Whereas SLOs develop during ontogeny, ELFs are ‘induced’ in response to an inflammatory insult within target tissues. This is particularly the case where there is a perceived need for sustained ...
... named according to their site of development (e.g. inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue; iBALT). Whereas SLOs develop during ontogeny, ELFs are ‘induced’ in response to an inflammatory insult within target tissues. This is particularly the case where there is a perceived need for sustained ...
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... pathway, C3 and factor B of the alternative pathway, mannan-binding lectin, mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases 1-3, and mannan-binding lectinassociated protein 19 of the lectin pathway, and terminal components C5, C6, C8, and C9 of the complement system. 6,7 Although immune cells and ...
... pathway, C3 and factor B of the alternative pathway, mannan-binding lectin, mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases 1-3, and mannan-binding lectinassociated protein 19 of the lectin pathway, and terminal components C5, C6, C8, and C9 of the complement system. 6,7 Although immune cells and ...
Differential In Situ Cytokine Profiles of Langerhans
... mouse and human tissue, possibly due to low levels of expression and/or to the use of low-affinity antibodies. In contrast, staining for IL-4, which was uniformly associated with T cells, was seen in all but 1 of the 8 LCH specimens studied (Fig 2D). IL-10 exhibits important functions in immune regu ...
... mouse and human tissue, possibly due to low levels of expression and/or to the use of low-affinity antibodies. In contrast, staining for IL-4, which was uniformly associated with T cells, was seen in all but 1 of the 8 LCH specimens studied (Fig 2D). IL-10 exhibits important functions in immune regu ...
Instructions for Handling PDF Galley Proofs
... Many species of African nonhuman primates are naturally infected with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) in the wild and in captivity. In contrast to HIV-infected humans, these natural SIV hosts typically do not develop AIDS, despite chronic infection with a highly replicating virus. In this Rev ...
... Many species of African nonhuman primates are naturally infected with simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) in the wild and in captivity. In contrast to HIV-infected humans, these natural SIV hosts typically do not develop AIDS, despite chronic infection with a highly replicating virus. In this Rev ...
Complex splicing in the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) family
... MHC class I molecules (MHC-I) biosynthesis occurs in ER. MHC-I α heavy chain is associated with calnexin before it associates with β2 microglobulin to form mature MHC-I molecules which will be secreted at the cell surface to present antigen to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and thus activate them. p ...
... MHC class I molecules (MHC-I) biosynthesis occurs in ER. MHC-I α heavy chain is associated with calnexin before it associates with β2 microglobulin to form mature MHC-I molecules which will be secreted at the cell surface to present antigen to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and thus activate them. p ...
Macrophage Polarization at the Crossroad Between HIV
... Several authors have investigated the role of cytokines, chemokines, and bacterial products on either the susceptibility of human monocyte–derived macrophages (MDM) to HIV-1 infection or on the functional polarization of these cells. In vitro, HIV-1 infection has been reported to drive human MDM tow ...
... Several authors have investigated the role of cytokines, chemokines, and bacterial products on either the susceptibility of human monocyte–derived macrophages (MDM) to HIV-1 infection or on the functional polarization of these cells. In vitro, HIV-1 infection has been reported to drive human MDM tow ...