Studies on the development of a vaccine against Mycobacterium sp.
... The innate immune response, the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes, plays a critical role during mycobacterial infection. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) which exists on the surface of the phagocyte recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of mycobacteria and activates My ...
... The innate immune response, the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes, plays a critical role during mycobacterial infection. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) which exists on the surface of the phagocyte recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of mycobacteria and activates My ...
Public summary of opinion on orphan - EMA
... a crucial role in repairing lung tissue following injury by blocking several inflammatory substances. In particular, it reduces the number of neutrophils (a type of immune cell) in the lungs and blocks the production of cytokines (messenger molecules of the immune system) which are involved in the i ...
... a crucial role in repairing lung tissue following injury by blocking several inflammatory substances. In particular, it reduces the number of neutrophils (a type of immune cell) in the lungs and blocks the production of cytokines (messenger molecules of the immune system) which are involved in the i ...
TOLL-like receptors linking innate and adaptive immune response
... Viral replication in infected cells results in generation of dsRNA and induction of type-I interferon. dsRNA can be considered as PAMP as it is not a constituent of host cells. TLR3-de®cient mice showed decreased responses to the viral RNA mimic, polyinosinic±polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), suggesti ...
... Viral replication in infected cells results in generation of dsRNA and induction of type-I interferon. dsRNA can be considered as PAMP as it is not a constituent of host cells. TLR3-de®cient mice showed decreased responses to the viral RNA mimic, polyinosinic±polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), suggesti ...
... hypogammaglobulinemia) [1-6]. Moreover, C. jejuni infections have been linked to immunopathologic sequelae, including reactive arthritis and Guillain-Barre syndrome [1]. Treatment with antibiotics such as erythromycin, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin is recommended in severe cases (e.g., cases in immuno ...
Antibody Conjugates with Unnatural Amino Acids
... coupled molecules. Genetically incorporated unnatural amino acids (uAAs) allow unique orthogonal coupling strategies compared to those used for the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. Thus, uAAs provide a novel paradigm for creation of next generation ADCs. Additionally, uAA-based site-specific conju ...
... coupled molecules. Genetically incorporated unnatural amino acids (uAAs) allow unique orthogonal coupling strategies compared to those used for the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. Thus, uAAs provide a novel paradigm for creation of next generation ADCs. Additionally, uAA-based site-specific conju ...
Immune response and virus population composition: HIV as a case
... but not to create a coherent impression of the various aspects of the disease (but see Nowak and May 1994). Cell-directed immune response carried out by TC-cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes; CTL) is the major weapon deployed by the immune system in its struggle against HIV (Ogg et al. 1999). The nature ...
... but not to create a coherent impression of the various aspects of the disease (but see Nowak and May 1994). Cell-directed immune response carried out by TC-cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes; CTL) is the major weapon deployed by the immune system in its struggle against HIV (Ogg et al. 1999). The nature ...
Shen-Diabetes 2014 - Stanford Medicine
... B-1a recipients exhibited partial restoration of glucose sensitivity, which is consistent with a protective role for IL-10 (Fig. 2G and H). IgM production by IL-10null B-1a cells was not significantly different from IgM production by WT B-1a cells (Fig. 2I). Taken together, these results indicate tha ...
... B-1a recipients exhibited partial restoration of glucose sensitivity, which is consistent with a protective role for IL-10 (Fig. 2G and H). IgM production by IL-10null B-1a cells was not significantly different from IgM production by WT B-1a cells (Fig. 2I). Taken together, these results indicate tha ...
Bacterial Evasion of Host Immune Responses - Assets
... Now that we have briefly described the salient features of the complement system, what is the evidence for its role in protection against bacterial infections? The main evidence supporting the role of the complement system in antibacterial protection comes from individuals with deficiencies in indiv ...
... Now that we have briefly described the salient features of the complement system, what is the evidence for its role in protection against bacterial infections? The main evidence supporting the role of the complement system in antibacterial protection comes from individuals with deficiencies in indiv ...
Inflammation, Immune Activation, and HIV
... For example, many people (with and without HIV) harbor latent viruses in the herpes family, including herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (cause of chickenpox and shingles), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). While these viruses do not directly target CD4 cells as HIV does, they ...
... For example, many people (with and without HIV) harbor latent viruses in the herpes family, including herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (cause of chickenpox and shingles), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). While these viruses do not directly target CD4 cells as HIV does, they ...
Functional Switching and Stability of Regulatory T Cells
... Therefore, although S1 should be thought of as primarily representing IL-2 levels, it could also represent a myriad of proteins including IL-4, and IFN-γ . Similarly, S2 represents the proteins that are predominantly produced by regulatory T cells. These include TGF-β and IL-10. We consider the magn ...
... Therefore, although S1 should be thought of as primarily representing IL-2 levels, it could also represent a myriad of proteins including IL-4, and IFN-γ . Similarly, S2 represents the proteins that are predominantly produced by regulatory T cells. These include TGF-β and IL-10. We consider the magn ...
Caspase-8 regulates the expression of pro- and anti
... All TLRs, except TLR3, interact with the adaptor MYD88. MYD88 recruits members of the IRAK (IL-1 receptor-associated kinase) family of serine-threonine kinases, initiating a signaling cascade leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kB and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TLR3, ...
... All TLRs, except TLR3, interact with the adaptor MYD88. MYD88 recruits members of the IRAK (IL-1 receptor-associated kinase) family of serine-threonine kinases, initiating a signaling cascade leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kB and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TLR3, ...
Chapter 17: Immunization and Immune Testing
... – Inactivated (killed) vaccines – Whole agent vaccines –deactivated but whole microbes – Subunit vaccines –antigenic fragments of microbes – Both types are safer than live vaccines because they cannot replicate or mutate to a virulent form – Antigenically weak so contain adjuvants ...
... – Inactivated (killed) vaccines – Whole agent vaccines –deactivated but whole microbes – Subunit vaccines –antigenic fragments of microbes – Both types are safer than live vaccines because they cannot replicate or mutate to a virulent form – Antigenically weak so contain adjuvants ...
Candida albicans Daniel Gozalbo , Victoria Maneu , María Luisa Gil
... modulates NADPH oxidase activity, the enzyme responsible for ROS production (38). Furthermore, the IFN-γ induced by the fungus during experimental candidiasis acts on the metabolic pathway involved in tryptophan catabolism by mediating the activation of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme (IDO) i ...
... modulates NADPH oxidase activity, the enzyme responsible for ROS production (38). Furthermore, the IFN-γ induced by the fungus during experimental candidiasis acts on the metabolic pathway involved in tryptophan catabolism by mediating the activation of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme (IDO) i ...
Gut microbial short-chain fatty acids in host defense and immune
... noncoding sequences 1-3 in the Foxp3 gene locus, important ...
... noncoding sequences 1-3 in the Foxp3 gene locus, important ...
Efficient isolation of live microglia with preserved phenotypes from
... inflammatory molecule production in these samples. Because astrocytes and even neurons can also exert some immune activities, such as production of cytokines [13-15], it is important to distinguish the cellular source of these pro-inflammatory mediators. Hence, an efficient, reliable and highly repr ...
... inflammatory molecule production in these samples. Because astrocytes and even neurons can also exert some immune activities, such as production of cytokines [13-15], it is important to distinguish the cellular source of these pro-inflammatory mediators. Hence, an efficient, reliable and highly repr ...
Secretion by Human Monocytes Inducers of
... intestine, where it quickly penetrates the epithelium. A clinically asymptomatic incubation period of 8 to 14 days ensues until clinical onset of typhoid fever, characterized by symptoms that include fever and malaise and by a sustained, low-level bacteremia (17, 18, 22). The mechanisms leading to t ...
... intestine, where it quickly penetrates the epithelium. A clinically asymptomatic incubation period of 8 to 14 days ensues until clinical onset of typhoid fever, characterized by symptoms that include fever and malaise and by a sustained, low-level bacteremia (17, 18, 22). The mechanisms leading to t ...
Mouse Cytomegalovirus infection overrules T Open Access
... T cells [5]. Despite the fact that Tregs are crucial for maintenance of the immune homeostasis, they are also known to suppress the immune system in several diseased conditions like cancer [6] or in the context of infections for example induced by viruses [7-13]. In doing so, they dampen pathogen-sp ...
... T cells [5]. Despite the fact that Tregs are crucial for maintenance of the immune homeostasis, they are also known to suppress the immune system in several diseased conditions like cancer [6] or in the context of infections for example induced by viruses [7-13]. In doing so, they dampen pathogen-sp ...
PDF - edoc - Universität Basel
... was dependent on IFN-γ production because antibody-mediated neutralization of IFN-γ abrogated the protective effect [22]. In the first section of the thesis we investigated humoral and cellular immune responses after a virosome-based vaccination in HIV-infected patients with low and high CD4+ T cell ...
... was dependent on IFN-γ production because antibody-mediated neutralization of IFN-γ abrogated the protective effect [22]. In the first section of the thesis we investigated humoral and cellular immune responses after a virosome-based vaccination in HIV-infected patients with low and high CD4+ T cell ...
The SCIentinel study - prospective multicenter study to define the
... cord injury and qualify as independent risk factor for poor neurological outcome (”disease modifying factor”). The enhanced susceptibility for infections is not stringently explained by the increased risk of aspiration in tetraplegic patients, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, or by high-dose methylpr ...
... cord injury and qualify as independent risk factor for poor neurological outcome (”disease modifying factor”). The enhanced susceptibility for infections is not stringently explained by the increased risk of aspiration in tetraplegic patients, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, or by high-dose methylpr ...
Absence of cellular responses to a putative autoantigen in
... which approximately 350,000 are blind and a similar number are visually impaired.' Blinding lesions may affect the anterior and posterior segments and cause sclerosing keratitis, iridocyclitis, optic atrophy, and chorioretinopathy.2 Posterior segment lesions, particularly chorioretinopathy, account ...
... which approximately 350,000 are blind and a similar number are visually impaired.' Blinding lesions may affect the anterior and posterior segments and cause sclerosing keratitis, iridocyclitis, optic atrophy, and chorioretinopathy.2 Posterior segment lesions, particularly chorioretinopathy, account ...
Chapter 17 - People Server at UNCW
... Due to genetically diverse population of HIV in a human host, treatment requires combination of medication with different actions Drugs inhibit different points of infection ...
... Due to genetically diverse population of HIV in a human host, treatment requires combination of medication with different actions Drugs inhibit different points of infection ...
Cytokine hypothesis of overtraining: a physiological adaptation to
... in the “clean-up” process. Neutrophils predominate during the initial phase of acute inflammation but by 24 h are no longer active (86). Monocytes form the next line of defense. When these cells move from the circulation into the tissue, they are transformed into macrophages. When activated, either ...
... in the “clean-up” process. Neutrophils predominate during the initial phase of acute inflammation but by 24 h are no longer active (86). Monocytes form the next line of defense. When these cells move from the circulation into the tissue, they are transformed into macrophages. When activated, either ...
Hyalophora cecropia Innate Immunity in Insects, Function and Regulation of Hemolin from
... responsible for the success of these animals. Today, insects have over 1 million species and make up 67% of all animal species (Campell and Reece, 2002). In general, insects have a short life span, produce many offspring and have developed a robust and fast defense. In contrast, mammals are long-liv ...
... responsible for the success of these animals. Today, insects have over 1 million species and make up 67% of all animal species (Campell and Reece, 2002). In general, insects have a short life span, produce many offspring and have developed a robust and fast defense. In contrast, mammals are long-liv ...