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Cellular Communication
Cellular Communication

... • Chemical messages which elicit a response in cells serve as a form of communication between cells • Found in all cells • Similar in widely different organisms (such as humans and yeast) leads one to believe that this evolved very early in the history of life • Efficient signal transduction proces ...
Elements of Innate and Acquired Immunity
Elements of Innate and Acquired Immunity

... - In autoimmune diabetes, a T cell that recognizes a peptide from glutamic acid decarboxylase (an antigen in β-islet cells) has been shown to cross-react with a peptide derived from coxsackievirus. This molecule mimicry can initiate autoimmune disease following a microbial infection. ...
Name - Medical Mastermind Community
Name - Medical Mastermind Community

... 1. The surface molecule on mature T cells responsible for transduction of activation signals across the cell membrane immediately after antigen binding is: A. T cell antigen receptor B. CD3 C. Phospholipase C (PLC) D. CD4 E. ZAP-70 (SyK) 2. Lepromatous leprosy is BEST characterized by which cytokine ...
Presentation 3 Innate Immunity
Presentation 3 Innate Immunity

Amphibian Immunology.pptx
Amphibian Immunology.pptx

... •  Series  of  genes  that  code  for  cell  surface   proteins  controlling  the  adapGve  immune   response.     •  Class  I  MHC  contains  three  genes;  proteins   from  these  genes  are  expressed  on  almost  all   cells.     •  ...
tib4handout
tib4handout

...  Infects cells in organisms  Obligate intracellular parasites  Reproduce only by invading and controlling cells  Lack machinery for self reproduction Obligate intracellular parasites Diverse in structure and complexity ...
Chapter 3 Antigens
Chapter 3 Antigens

Immunity/Immunology
Immunity/Immunology

... phagocytes that have engulfed a pathogen also present the pathogen’s antibodies on its own cell surface, and _________________ cells present antigens on their cell-surface membranes. A cell that presents antigens of other cells on its own surface are known as _________________ cells. ...
TAT-mediated gp96 transduction to APCs enhances gp96
TAT-mediated gp96 transduction to APCs enhances gp96

...  Gp96 effectively bind antigenic peptides derived from tumor, viral and intracellular bacterial sources to enhance APC recognition  Interaction of gp96 with cell surface receptor CD91 or scavenger receptor-A (SRA) on APCs promotes internalization of the gp96peptide complexes  Cross-presentation o ...
Chapter 39 - Cloudfront.net
Chapter 39 - Cloudfront.net

... Transmitted through blood or body fluids HIV is a retrovirus. It attaches to the receptor on a helper T cell, enters, and uses reverse transcriptase to write it’s RNA into DNA and become part of the host cell genome For many years it continues to infect other helper T cells, and usually progresses t ...
Maladies auto-immunes
Maladies auto-immunes

... with a self antigen presented by a costimulator-deficient resting tissue antigen-presenting cell (APC) results in peripheral tolerance by anergy. (Other possible mechanisms of self-tolerance are not shown.) B. Microbes may activate the APCs to express costimulators, and when these APCs present self ...
Name: Date Completed
Name: Date Completed

The humoral immune response defends against pathogens that are
The humoral immune response defends against pathogens that are

... antigen whenever it is encountered. The binding can fight infection in several ways. Antibodies can bind to viruses or bacteria, which interferes with the chemical interactions required for them to infect or bind to other cells. The antibodies may create bridges between different particles containin ...
Oncoimmunology
Oncoimmunology

... Irregular Antibodies There are many other red cell antigens  Exposure by pregnancy, transfusion or transplant can result in an alloantibody if the person does not possess that antigen  Usually IgG  E.g. anti-D formation in a D negative woman who gives birth to a D-positive infant….. ...
Unit 4 - Immunology and Public Health
Unit 4 - Immunology and Public Health

... It also results in the delivery of antimicrobial proteins / clotting elements to the site ...
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM:

... 3. Immune System ...
No T cells
No T cells

... an identical MHC gene locus T-cells recognize products of MHC genes as self or non-self If any cell of an individual starts to produce foreign (viral or bacterial) or abnormal (tumor associated) proteins, the T-cells recognize these antigen presenting cells as altered self cells and respond against ...
Immunity & Abnormal Responses
Immunity & Abnormal Responses

... – Those proteins made by the cell that are incorporated into the cell membrane & hold or present foreign antigenic material that has gotten into the cell – These are usually glycoproteins & everybody has different ones • Controlled by genes on chromosome 6 in region called MHC » MHC = major histocom ...


... class I, this is crosspresentation) 4. Specific interaction with Tcell receptor (TCR) on THcells. 5. Activation of TH- cells, followed by response of presenting cell to cytokines from TH cells. ...
Introduction to Immunology BIOS 486A/586A
Introduction to Immunology BIOS 486A/586A

... – B cell antigen receptor = antibody – T cell antigen receptor = T cell receptor • Lymphocytes proliferate in response to antigen in ...
Immunology: Specific Immunity
Immunology: Specific Immunity

DOC - ADAM Interactive Anatomy
DOC - ADAM Interactive Anatomy

... These chemical mediators activate cell adhesion molecules on endothelial cells. _________________ is the process where neutrophils and monocytes bind to these cell adhesion molecules. When neutrophils bind to these molecules, they are activated and leave the blood vessel by a process called ________ ...
1991 - Wsfcs
1991 - Wsfcs

... can be divided into nonspecific responses and specific responses. a. Explain how THREE types of nonspecific defenses can prevent the entry and/or establishment of a pathogen in a person’s body. b. Discuss how the immune system responds to an initial pathogenic exposure, and how this initial exposure ...
File - Sheffield Peer Teaching Society
File - Sheffield Peer Teaching Society

... – A disease in which the body produces antibodies that attack its own tissues, leading to a pathological process ...
CYTOKINE AND LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS SMALL GROUPS
CYTOKINE AND LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS SMALL GROUPS

... the patient, especially nutritional (malnutrition is associated with depressed Th function), and MHC/TLR dictation of the immune response. HIV infection or other diseases (cancer for example) that could affect the patients’ immune system could also play a role. The expression of the tuberculoid form ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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