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Chapter 4 Active Lecture Questions
Chapter 4 Active Lecture Questions

... A cell can transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration by the physiological process of a. b. c. d. ...
PowerPoint
PowerPoint

... • Often form symbiotic relationships – e.g., are phototrophic partner in most lichens – e.g., symbionts with protozoa and fungi – e.g., nitrogen-fixing species form plant associations ...
Lyme Disease
Lyme Disease

Autoimmune disorders
Autoimmune disorders

... The term “autoimmune disorder” may describe any one of over 80 disorders that occur when the body ­produces an abnormal immune response in which the immune ­system attacks its own cells, tissues, and/or organs, ­leading to the development of disorders within the body. Autoimmune disorders vary great ...
Chapter 8
Chapter 8

... This is the third line of defense and has the ability to remember a previously encountered organisms so as to attack them. This includes: ...
‘Research at the Interface’ 2014 Annual Symposium, Friday 9th May 2014
‘Research at the Interface’ 2014 Annual Symposium, Friday 9th May 2014

... Abstract: Methods for the visualization of proteins often rely on fusions with fluorescent proteins such as GFP, but not all such constructs tolerate the presence of these bulky substituents without loss of function. Sortases are bacterial transacylases with the remarkable property of having very sh ...
Central Nervous System Control of The Immune System
Central Nervous System Control of The Immune System

Histidine Decarboxylase, a Pyridoxal Phosphate
Histidine Decarboxylase, a Pyridoxal Phosphate

... is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations of the AIRE (autoimmune regulator) gene encoded on chromosome 21 (1, 2). The classical features are chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and adrenal failure, two of which should be present for the clinical diagnosis of APS1 (3) ...
Blood
Blood

... • People that are “Rh negative” have the antibodies to the Rh antigen • This is what is represented by the + or – in blood types; (e.g. O+ = O blood type with RH factor (antigen), and therefore no antibodies to Rh) ...
Analyzing the Increased and Decreased Expression of Microarray
Analyzing the Increased and Decreased Expression of Microarray

... Vibrio cholerae is a waterborne disease that is infectious to humans • Organisms in the genus Vibrio are one of the most common surface water organisms in the world. • They can be found in both fresh and marine waters and live in association with other animals. • V. cholerae is noninvasive and affe ...
PEABODY FELLOWS STUDENT PRE-TEST
PEABODY FELLOWS STUDENT PRE-TEST

... 18. How have people learned to control harmful bacteria without antibiotics? a. By growing vegetables near a stream b. By using garlic and other spices on food c. By planting rice and beans together d. By burning incense to keep away mosquitoes 19. Growing bacteria successfully in the lab requires: ...
Organ System Power Point
Organ System Power Point

... Orthomyxovirus, killing the host cell in the process. The virus attaches to the permissive cells via the hemagglutinin subunit, which binds to cell membrane glycolipids or glycoproteins containing Nacetylneuraminic acid, the receptor for virus ...
Transport and cardiovascular systems
Transport and cardiovascular systems

... b. Cancer is a malignant disease, meaning that it progressively becomes worse. c. Cancer is caused by one single mutation that results in increased cell division. d. Cancer is relatively rare at the cellular level, but common among organisms. e. Cancer can metastasize, spreading to other tissues. ...
ppt
ppt

... (and T-cell receptors) Millions of antigens are recognized by randomly combining the protein products of hundreds of genes Card analogy: although there are only 52 cards in the deck, random combinations can produce an enormous number of different hands ...
Chapter 14 - Lymphatic System
Chapter 14 - Lymphatic System

... pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans cancer cells foreign proteins such as bacterial toxins ...
Host Microbe Relationship
Host Microbe Relationship

...  Infestation – A word usually limited to larger parasites like helminths or worms  Contamination – refers to the presence of microbes( can be on the surface of an inanimate object ) ...
Dead cell-associated antigens
Dead cell-associated antigens

... ► Dead tumor cells in periphery accumulate in the draining lymph node sinus; ► CD169+ macrophages phagocytose and crosspresent dead cell-associated antigens; ► CD169+ macrophage-depleted mice fail to crossprime tumor-specific CD8 T cells; ► CD169+ macrophages link tumor cell death and induction of a ...
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... tissue that fills most bone cavities, but they mature in two different places (bone marrow or thymus gland.  Lymph nodes are located throughout the body and contain large numbers of white blood cells.  They filter pathogens (disease-causing agents).  and expose them to white blood cells.  The sp ...
II. (20 points) True/False Questions, 2 points each
II. (20 points) True/False Questions, 2 points each

... 11. The old adjectives that used to qualify atherosclerosis are still valid EXCEPT: (Atherosclerosis is…) A. Universal B. Progressive C. Irreversible D. Functionally deleterious 12. The endothelial cells of the intima have very important functions in maintaining the plasticity of the arterial wall a ...
Designing a dendritic cell–based therapy for
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The Complement System
The Complement System

... conformational change – This results in a much higher affinity for C1q – This test is an ELISA which looks for immune complexes in a patients serum capable of binding C1q ...
Lecture-2-Allergen-characteristics-OAS-and
Lecture-2-Allergen-characteristics-OAS-and

... universal phenomenon in adults and children – Most antibodies to foods in non-reactive humans are IgG, but do not trigger the complement cascade – Such antibodies are not associated with allergy – CD8+ suppressor cells at basolateral surface are activated – In conjunction with MHC class I molecules ...
Peyer`s Patch
Peyer`s Patch

... universal phenomenon in adults and children – Most antibodies to foods in non-reactive humans are IgG, but do not trigger the complement cascade – Such antibodies are not associated with allergy – CD8+ suppressor cells at basolateral surface are activated – In conjunction with MHC class I molecules ...
Rajagopal Appavu_CV
Rajagopal Appavu_CV

... approved therapies for acute overdose or treatment of cocaine addiction. In recent years, vaccines that elicit effective anticocaine antibodies, which prevent cocaine penetration across the blood-brain barrier and interrupt its rewarding effects, have been successful in animal models. However, a li ...
An enzyme inhibitor - Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas
An enzyme inhibitor - Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas

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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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