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"Immunity to Infection". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
"Immunity to Infection". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)

... Fc domain is recognized by various effector cells such as macrophages and neutrophils which then generate toxic products and initiate phagocytosis. If the pathogen is coated with IgG1 or IgG3, it can also be destroyed by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). In this process, NK cells ...
Microbiology
Microbiology

... Quadrivalent flu vaccine – protects against 2 influenza A and 2 influenza B virus http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm ...
Adaptive versus innate immune mechanisms in trout responding to
Adaptive versus innate immune mechanisms in trout responding to

... nature of the protective mechanisms. Cross-protection following inoculation of fish with less pathogenic virus forms suggested that innate nonspecific antiviral activities could be involved. Other data pointed towards adaptive mechanisms. Survivors of infection were immune for several weeks and comp ...
SURP Medicine 3
SURP Medicine 3

Dioxin and Host Susceptibility to Infection
Dioxin and Host Susceptibility to Infection

Thyroid autoimmunity and polyglandular endocrine syndromes
Thyroid autoimmunity and polyglandular endocrine syndromes

... strated; interleukin 17 and 22 also develop protection against fungal infections.10,11 The main feature of APECED syndrome is Whitaker’s triad. Candidiasis, which is very frequent and precocious, affecting the mouth and intestinal tractus, appears to be moderately sensitive to antimycosis drugs. Bac ...
Great Basin`s Ryan Ashton to Present at ROTH Conference SALT
Great Basin`s Ryan Ashton to Present at ROTH Conference SALT

... About  Great  Basin  Scientific   Great  Basin  Scientific  is  a  molecular  diagnostics  company  that  commercializes   breakthrough  chip-­based  technologies.  The  Company  is  dedicated  to  the  development   of  simple,  yet  powerful,  sample-­to-­result  technology  and  products  that  p ...
Topic guide 8.6: Defence mechanisms
Topic guide 8.6: Defence mechanisms

... There are four blood groups: A, B, AB and O. Red blood cells in group O do not contain any antigens, therefore no immune response will be activated if this blood group is transfused into people with other blood groups. Patients with blood group AB do not contain any antibodies so can receive blood f ...
Adaptive Immune Response Traveled by: The Role of Innate
Adaptive Immune Response Traveled by: The Role of Innate

... significant way, modify that image. I still use this system to read papers and evaluate research proposals, although I admit that it works less well in the molecular era, as new genes define new proteins that have to be added to the list at an ever-accelerating rate. One paper that we read in class ...
Stem Cell Notes
Stem Cell Notes

... complete embryo or organ • Pluripotent: capable of developing into any of the three germ layers (epiderm, mesoderm, or endoderm) • It is not possible to develop an entire human being because they cannot develop extraembrionic tissues • Multipotent cells can develop into limited cell types, not any l ...
Possible Applications Basic overview
Possible Applications Basic overview

... by dendritic cells in vitro and by direct administration with antigens in vivo. In animal models of human diseases, TCT attenuated acute graft-versus host disease and slowed the onset and clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. ...
Supplement Facts SUPERIOR RECOVERY FORMULA
Supplement Facts SUPERIOR RECOVERY FORMULA

... GLUTAPLEX brings you the next evolution of recovery supplement technology. It’s no secret that glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in skeletal muscle, and research shows that glutamine levels in the body are depleted as much as 50% after intense exercise. Glutamine is the single most important ...
Micro 532 Exam 1995
Micro 532 Exam 1995

... You have been asked to consult in a clinical diagnostic laboratory. The lab is trying to determine why its new antibody assay system is not accurately detecting protective antibodies in the sera of persons recently exposed to Bonga-Bonga fever virus. This is very frustrating to the laboratory since ...
unit 6 genetics 2010
unit 6 genetics 2010

... Loss of helper T-cells prevents B-cell activation Infections occur because the immune system not functional Replicates rapidly, mutates easily, and can hide ...
File
File

... 1. Superficial area of cortex contains follicles with germinal centers that are heavy with dividing B cells 2. Deep cortex houses T cells in transit • T cells circulate continuously among blood, lymph nodes, and lymph 3. Abundant numbers of dendritic cells are closely associated with both T and B ce ...
Gene Section CD74 (CD74 molecule, major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain)
Gene Section CD74 (CD74 molecule, major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain)

... final step for MHC class II expression requires interaction of αβCLIP complexes with another class II-related αβ dimer, called HLA-DM. Binding of this molecule excludes the residual CLIP peptide, rendering the αβ dimers ultimately competent to bind antigenic peptides, which are mainly derived from i ...
Materials and Methods
Materials and Methods

... (18). (Why cells were described before virus? ) Infection of mice Wild type C57BL/6, B-lymphocyte (Igh-6tm1Cgn/J), CD4+ T-lymphocyte (Cd4tm1Mak/J), and CD8 + T-lymphocyte (Cd8tm1Mak/J), deficiency mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory. Mice were infection with 1 x 107 plaque forming units ...
File
File

... o Type II hypersensitivity – caused by small molecules that bond covalently to cell-surface components of human cells, producing modified structures that are perceived as foreign. The B cell response produces IgG which, on binding to the modified cells, causes their destruction through complement ac ...
Mechanisms of Disease: the role of intestinal barrier
Mechanisms of Disease: the role of intestinal barrier

... to the environmental trigger, and is therefore selfperpetuating and irreversible. Epitope-specific cross-reactivity between microbial antigens and self-antigens has been shown in some animal models to initiate autoimmunity.3 Conversely, in most human autoimmune diseases, molecular mimicry seems to b ...
Protein—Is It Really That Important?
Protein—Is It Really That Important?

... 20 different ones are used 9 need to be provided by the diet Strings are twisted, folded, held together so that protein has a shape Shapes determine what the protein is able to do ...
Sjogren's Syndrome
Sjogren's Syndrome

... 1. Innate and Acquired Immune System are targets for current therapy—including TNF, BAFF and IL-6 inhibitors, steroids, traditional DMARD’s and new oral agents (Jak and syk inhibitors) 2. Functional circuit that controls immune and neural function are the new “frontier” for therapy from “fibromyalgi ...
Lymphatic Lecture Notes Page
Lymphatic Lecture Notes Page

... Lymphatic Ducts  Two main channels drain lymph into veins:  Thoracic Duct ...
Viruses - mrvigs122
Viruses - mrvigs122

... Lysogenic Cycle – Viral reproduction does not occur immediately (dormancy), viral DNA becomes part of host DNA (prophage) – not all viruses have a lysogenic cycle Viruses that undergo both cycles are described as virulent ...
ABTIBODY SCREENING5
ABTIBODY SCREENING5

... cell, or when the patient’s serum contains an autoantibody, more than one screening cell will be positive.  A single Ab specificity should be suspected when all cells react at the same phase and strength.  Multiple Abs are most likely when cells react at different phases and strengths and auto-ant ...
IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECT OF BACTERIAL INFECTION
IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECT OF BACTERIAL INFECTION

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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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