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The Nature of Disease
The Nature of Disease

... • Involved in humoral immunity • Once activated by antigen, proliferate into two clones of cells: plasma cells that secrete antibodiesand memory cells that may be converted into plasma cells at a ...
The Structure of an Alternate Form of Complement C3 that Displays
The Structure of an Alternate Form of Complement C3 that Displays

Monoclonal antibodies as enhancers of the host`s immunoresponse
Monoclonal antibodies as enhancers of the host`s immunoresponse

... the presence of anti-tumour lymphocytes. The existence of natural occurring tumour specific T cell immunity seems to be frequently encountered than expected for many tumours. Moreover, the immune system is most likely best preserved in the adjuvant setting which supports the notion that also these a ...
PowerPoint - New Page 1
PowerPoint - New Page 1

... • Secondary progressive phase-few or no relapses, steady progression in disability levelling off by about 20 years after diagnosis • Primary progressive – steady increase in disability with or without relapses. • Severe - very rare. Fast progression to wheelchair/bed-bound/death in 3 to 10 years Spr ...
Native Glycosylation Is Important For Biological
Native Glycosylation Is Important For Biological

... serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), or tyrosine (Tyr) side chains. It is well established that addition of the correct carbohydrate chain(s) to a complex glycoprotein affects its structural and functional properties including conformation, receptor binding, intracellular transport and secretion, solubili ...
Allergen-Like gp120 Molecules from HIV
Allergen-Like gp120 Molecules from HIV

Monoclonal Antibodies as a novel class of cancer therapeutics
Monoclonal Antibodies as a novel class of cancer therapeutics

... IgG, IgE, IgM, respectively). Each chain has "constant" and "variable" regions as shown in the figure. Variable regions are contained within the amino (NH2) terminal end of the polypeptide chain (amino acids 1-110). ...
AST-OPC1
AST-OPC1

... No evidence of immune responses to AST-OPC1, even 10 months after removal of all immunosuppression ...
Margot Shields
Margot Shields

... • Studies have shown that psychosocial factors are associated with immune related health outcomes including infectious disease, cancer, wound healing, autoimmune disease and HIV. • However there is limited evidence for direct immune pathways for these links, and the studies have methodological probl ...
Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes
Antigen Recognition by T Lymphocytes

... MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC) * Named MHC following identification of region responsible for rejection of tissue or organ transplant * MHC molecules encoded by a number of closely linked genes on chromosome 6 * Conventional gene configuration ...
Review Questions for leukocyte
Review Questions for leukocyte

... lymphocytes can undergo the process of cytotoxicity. The invading organism (cell) is not engulfed, rather, the cytotoxic cells attach to the invading cell and either release cytokines or use membrane proteins to signal the invading cell to die. (There are various forms of cytotoxicity that will be d ...
Microbiology Part 1 Kingdom Monera and the viruses
Microbiology Part 1 Kingdom Monera and the viruses

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... What Is Type A Flu Virus? Type A flu or influenza A viruses are capable of infecting people as well as animals; although it is more common for people to suffer the ailments associated with this type of flu. Wild birds commonly act as the hosts for this flu virus. Type A flu virus is constantly chang ...
ETP: The Immune System
ETP: The Immune System

... concentration of a solute. The approximate concentration should be known at the start of the experiment before the appropriate number and amount of dilutions can be made. In order to arrive at the desired concentration, use serial dilutions, instead of making one big dilution, in order to finally ar ...
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... c) alternate splicing. d) recombinase activity. ...
Copied and pasted from his email, and answered. For the exam, you
Copied and pasted from his email, and answered. For the exam, you

... the attachment. **strength of the antibody response can prevent viremia to heart** For infective myocarditis, a general mechanism underlying symptoms is given on slide 33 but you will also need to scan over each major microbe for specific modes of pathogenesis. ...
Projects offered
Projects offered

... To learn more do not hesitate to contact persons indicated (heads of the respective departments). Please note that the list is likely to be expanded soon, so if you do not find anything of particular interest now, do visit the site again in a week or two. ...
Chapter 1 – Introduction to the Immune Response
Chapter 1 – Introduction to the Immune Response

... often the case with infection by a rapidly replicating pathogen, is an adaptive response mounted. Together, the innate and adaptive immune responses allow a seamless escalation of countermeasures that maintain homeostasis in the face of cellular aging, tissue trauma and/or pathogen infection. What e ...
Elisa kits Manual
Elisa kits Manual

... erythematosus (SLE), appear to play a central role in the pathogenesis of tissue injury and are closely correlated with clinical activity. Their presence is also associated with active lupus and usually with immune complex glomerulo-nephritis. Antibodies to ds-DNA are directed against the phosphate- ...
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Lecture 11: Mucosal Immunity

... Type A: conventional CD8 cytotoxic effectors MHC-restricted express CD8α:β Type B; Express CD8α:α Express NKG2D(activating C-type lectin NK receptor) which binds to 2 MHC-like-molecules; MIC-A, MIC-B that are expressed on epithelial cells in response to stress/damage & killed via perforin/granzyme p ...
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A search for better health - The Bored of Studies Community
A search for better health - The Bored of Studies Community

... When physiological processes malfunction, the body tries to repair the damage. The process is similar in all living things and it is only when the process fails to contain the damage that disease can be recognised. Humans have long recognised the symptoms of disease both in themselves and the animal ...
LECTURE: 30 Title REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
LECTURE: 30 Title REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

... the immune system to the resting state after removal of the microbe is occurred and the immunologic actions of these elements to the removed microbe are no longer needed. The immune response, like all biological systems, is subject to a variety of control mechanisms. These mechanisms restore the imm ...
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Introduction
Introduction

... Depends on concentration of Ag and Ab.  Prozone – antibody excess, many antibodies coat all antigen sites- results in false negative  Postzone – antigen excess, antibody coats antigen but cannot get lattice formation, results in false negative  Zone of Equivalence – antigen and antibody present i ...
< 1 ... 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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