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Interactions of Host`s Innate and Adaptive Immune Components in
Interactions of Host`s Innate and Adaptive Immune Components in

... Naive CD4+ helper T (Th) cells, upon encountering with their cognate antigens presented by professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), differentiate into effector cells that are characterized by their cytokine production profiles and immune-regulatory functions. The heterogeneity of effector T cel ...
Detection of viral genetic material
Detection of viral genetic material

... broad spectrum vaccine could be produced • The plasmid does not replicate and encodes only the proteins of interest • No protein component so there will be no immune response against the vector itself • Because of the way the antigen is presented, there is a CTL response that may be directed against ...
Bacteriology Chart Review
Bacteriology Chart Review

... of animals or people who work with animals.Cutaneous enters thru cut on skin, causes a malignant pustule that is a necrotic black lesion then rapidly disseminates and causes death very quickly. Inhalational is from organisms directly to lung that release exo-toxin and cause pulmonary necrosis, septi ...
Macrophage Function During Wallerian Degeneration of Rat Optic
Macrophage Function During Wallerian Degeneration of Rat Optic

... be expressed. The first of these issues, the origin and nature of phagocytic cells in the CNS, has a long history of controversy (see Ramon y Cajal, 19 13, for a historical review). Based on cytological criteria, both oligodendrocytes and astrocytes have been reported to be responsible for myelin re ...
A Very Basic Approach to Transfusion Medicine
A Very Basic Approach to Transfusion Medicine

... • If hemolysis suspected repeat typing and antibody screening of the unit, repeat crossmatch with posttransfusion serum • A red top (clot tube) or purple top (EDTA tube) containing a sample drawn from the recipient following discontinuation of the transfusion. ...
T cell subsets and T cell-mediated immunity
T cell subsets and T cell-mediated immunity

... with two types of TCR. The majority express Ag-binding αβ chains in the TCR, which are disulfide-linked heterodimers of Ig superfamily proteins (Fig.  2), forming unique structures on each T cell. αβTCR T cells have a very diverse repertoire of Ag recognition receptors and represent mature T cells t ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... Do not cross blood-brain barrier Lack significant CNS & anticholinergic effects Long half life Among the most frequently prescribed and safest drugs - expensive ...
Exam 1 Exam 2 - Sinoe Medical Association
Exam 1 Exam 2 - Sinoe Medical Association

STUDENT HANDBOOK Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine
STUDENT HANDBOOK Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine

... immunization in tumor immunology and chronic microbial infections. It has increasingly been recognized that T cell mediated cellular immunity, including CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), play an important role in immunotherapy of malignancies and in control of chronic infections such as HBV, HCV, a ...
Case 34: Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes Summary
Case 34: Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes Summary

... proinflammatory cytokines such as IL1. In contrast patients affected by autoinflammatory sundromes develop adaptive immune responses to stimuli such as infection or vaccination, but they are unable to control inflammation once its underway and inflammation may flare up in response to minor stimuli t ...
ABO Discrepancies & other problems
ABO Discrepancies & other problems

... Cold antibodies (allo- or auto-)  Cold antibodies may include anti-I, H, M, N, P, Lewis  The autocontrol will be positive.  Resolution: warming tube to 37° and washing red cells can disperse agglutination; breaking the IgM bonds with 2-ME will also disperse cells Rouleaux  Stronger at IS and wea ...
Nutrition and Immune System in Livestock`s: Mini Review
Nutrition and Immune System in Livestock`s: Mini Review

... circulating immune cells and their subsets by flow cytometric analysis. Fluorochrome-labelled monoclonal antibodies directed against cell surface molecules and analyzed by a flow cytometer, which measures light scatter and fluorescence emission from individual cells. The amount of fluorescence is di ...
Downloadable PPT - Research To Practice
Downloadable PPT - Research To Practice

Saskatchewan Immunization Manual
Saskatchewan Immunization Manual

An Overview of Autoimmune Disorders
An Overview of Autoimmune Disorders

... Immune system is designed in such a remarkable way that it is able to distinguish between the self (with in the body) and non self (does not belongs the body) [13-17]. When these antigens are detected by immune system a reaction takes place stimulating immune response releasing antibodies to destroy ...
Molecular Cell Biology Prof. D. Karunagaran Department of
Molecular Cell Biology Prof. D. Karunagaran Department of

... GTPase Cdc42 activation by growth factors or signals can cause activation of a protein called N-WASp that activates ARP complex that can induce nucleation of new actin filament ...
Aviremia 10 Years Postdiscontinuation of Antiretroviral Therapy
Aviremia 10 Years Postdiscontinuation of Antiretroviral Therapy

xiv. hla and transplantation medicine
xiv. hla and transplantation medicine

... 5. The products of HLA genes play a crucial role in our immune system. The HLA genes encode for three classes of molecules (MEMORIZE): a. Class I major transplantation antigens are serologically defined. This class includes the main HLA-A, B, and C antigens. b.Class II immune response gene region an ...
organ transpalntation
organ transpalntation

... physiological 3D tissues and organs. The process starts with a source of cells derived from a patient or from a donor. The cells may be immature cells, in the stem cell stage, or cells that are already capable of carrying out tissue functions; often, a mixture of different cell types (e.g., liver ce ...
Principles in organ transplantation
Principles in organ transplantation

... physiological 3D tissues and organs. The process starts with a source of cells derived from a patient or from a donor. The cells may be immature cells, in the stem cell stage, or cells that are already capable of carrying out tissue functions; often, a mixture of different cell types (e.g., liver ce ...
Bones can be described on the basis of their overall macroscopic
Bones can be described on the basis of their overall macroscopic

... B cells remain in bone marrow for maturation T cells leave bone marrow, and migrate to thymus gland for maturation Lymphocyte Activation All lymphocytes originate in bone marrow B lymphocytes remain in bone marrow for maturation T lymphocytes leave bone marrow, and migrate to thymus gland for matura ...
emboj2009118-sup
emboj2009118-sup

... detectable p75NTR expression. In a longer exposure, both p75NTR and NRH2 were weakly detected in hippocampal lysates (data not shown). Separate immunoblotting results indicate that SCG neurons express similar or higher levels of p75NTR as well as NRH2 and sortilin as compared to DRG neuron (data not ...
Sensing of pathogen-induced F-actin
Sensing of pathogen-induced F-actin

... Here we provide a brief summary of our current understanding of this emerging concept focusing on key molecules that are supposed to be involved in sensing of pathogen-induced host F-actin remodeling. ...
Vaccines
Vaccines

... spectrum vaccine could be produced • The plasmid does not replicate and encodes only the proteins of interest • No protein component so there will be no immune response against the vector itself • Because of the way the antigen is presented, there is a CTL response that may be directed against any a ...
HIV and autoimmunity
HIV and autoimmunity

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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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