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Fundamentals I: 10:00-11:00 Scribe: Joan
Fundamentals I: 10:00-11:00 Scribe: Joan

... -T cells come from the thymus, and B cells come from the bone marrow, but lots of other cells types come from bone marrow (macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, etc.) - It’s a major source of cells involved in immune responses. -Humoral/Soluble components: The most predominate known is antibody ...
Decreased GAD(65) -specific Th1/Tc1 treated with GAD-alum. Linköping University Post Print
Decreased GAD(65) -specific Th1/Tc1 treated with GAD-alum. Linköping University Post Print

... Lower GAD65-induced CCL4 secretion in responders compared to non-responders to GADalum treatment We have previously observed a predominant GAD65-induced Th2-associated cytokine profile in clinical responders to GAD-alum treatment compared with non-responders [20]. Thus, in order to further search f ...
Cutting Edge: Recognition of Gram
Cutting Edge: Recognition of Gram

... whereas other TLRs might have other patterns of ligand recognition. There are currently at least four TLRs that have been identified in flies; given the relative complexity of the Drosophila genome compared with human, there might prove to be several dozen mammalian TLRs. It is tempting to speculate ...
Innate immunity: an integrated overview
Innate immunity: an integrated overview

... Current understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying innate immunity has increased markedly over the past two decades. No longer are these integrated pathways viewed simply as a first line of defence against invading pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, but are now also recognized as ...
Stem Cells - Lehigh University
Stem Cells - Lehigh University

Mast Cells are Major Target of Neuronal Substance P to Induce
Mast Cells are Major Target of Neuronal Substance P to Induce

... Suggests the contact between mast and nerve cells is mediated through NK1-R NK1-/- BMR kit = mast cell with no expression of NK1-R ...
Commentary The Functional Role of CD8 + T Helper Type 2 Cells
Commentary The Functional Role of CD8 + T Helper Type 2 Cells

... The Relationship of "Th2-Like" CD8 T Cells to Disease The I1:4-induced induction of CD8 + Th2-1ike T cells could have great relevance to immune responses against infectious agents. Specifically in situations where the cytotoxic activity and IFN-3' production by CD8 T cells are protective, the switch ...
Abstract book - Belgian Society for Microbiology
Abstract book - Belgian Society for Microbiology

... Plasmid mediated horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is assumed to be a major factor contributing to the rapid adaptation of bacterial communities to changing environmental conditions. HGT processes can be fostered by different stresses including various compounds such as antibiotics, heavy metals, and p ...
The role of carbohydrate in the antigenic and immunogenic structure
The role of carbohydrate in the antigenic and immunogenic structure

Amino Acids : beyond the building blocks
Amino Acids : beyond the building blocks

... only crucial for growing poultry and swine with the rapid evolution of genotypes but also for reproducing animals (male pigs, layers, breeders, sows) with their increased productivity. However, it will not be the aim of the present review. The objective of the nutritionists has long been to optimize ...
Macleaya cordata Extract Reduces Inflammatory Responses of
Macleaya cordata Extract Reduces Inflammatory Responses of

... compounds on the expression of these genes is limited too. IL-10 was down regulated in response to ETEC, but no effect of ASA and MCE was seen. No difference was found between the EC strains for IL-1β, however, a clear significant down regulation of IL-1β expression was seen in the presence of ASA a ...
Folie 1
Folie 1

... viruses provide insight into gene function • roles of these proteins in mediating adaptive immune response  potential to manipulate immunity, enhance resistance to pathogens and disease or diminish autoimmune responses ...
Local immunity of the respiratory mucosal system in chickens and
Local immunity of the respiratory mucosal system in chickens and

... a small number of phagocytic cells (Ficken et al. 1986, Toth and Siegel 1986, Maina and Cowley 1998) as compared to mice or rats, where the number is 20 times larger (Toth et al. 1987), which indicates a first-line defence deficiency in the birds’ respiratory system. Phagocytic cells obtained in thi ...
1. The barriers of the innate immune system to infection
1. The barriers of the innate immune system to infection

... In a population of normal people the blood level of MBL may vary up to a 1000-fold. This is because even in normal people there are differences in the exact sequence of the MBL gene. These are referred to as polymorphisms: genetic variation between normal members of a population. Even though people ...
Chapter 21a
Chapter 21a

... Leukocytosis – neutrophils are released from the bone marrow in response to leukocytosis-inducing factors released by injured cells (3hrs. Results in 4-5x increase) ...
W. Drobnik, E. Orso, W. Diederich, G. Schmitz
W. Drobnik, E. Orso, W. Diederich, G. Schmitz

... Dendritic cells (DC), the most potent APC, are central to antimicrobial immunity. Because of evolutionary pressure it is reasonable that pathogens have evolved strategies to subvert also this host defense mechanism. In the present study we describe a novel way of bacterial interference with DC matur ...
The Phylogeny of Thymic Dependence The use of amphibians in
The Phylogeny of Thymic Dependence The use of amphibians in

Are Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes
Are Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes

... (12,13) or high-fat diet (HFD)-induced IgG antibodies (11) can aggravate insulin resistance without affecting obesity, while T- or B-cell depletion or genetic deficiency improves insulin resistance in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice (11–14). Through these and other observations, a link between adaptive ...
Hyaluronan grafted lipid-based nanoparticles as RNAi carriers for
Hyaluronan grafted lipid-based nanoparticles as RNAi carriers for

... RNA interference (RNAi), a natural cellular mechanism for RNA-guided regulation of gene expression could in fact become new therapeutic modality if an appropriate efficient delivery strategy that is also reproducible and safe will be developed. Numerous efforts have been made for the past eight years ...
Blood Group Antigens and Antibodies III
Blood Group Antigens and Antibodies III

Molecular Events in Cells Transformed by Rous Sarcoma
Molecular Events in Cells Transformed by Rous Sarcoma

... pp60'" was present. However, immunoprecipitates that contained pp60` did catalyze the transfer of radiolabel from [y32 P]ATP to the heavy chain of IgG. Immunoprecipitates that lacked pp60' showed no activity in this assay . In addition, we found a similar activity associated with pp608" generated by ...
Bioluminescence imaging of lymphocyte trafficking in vivo
Bioluminescence imaging of lymphocyte trafficking in vivo

... times of typically 1 second). A second image is then acquired, in the absence of an external light source, collecting the light that is generated internally and transmitted through the animal’s tissues. To obtain this bioluminescent image the lens aperture is maximum, and integration times as short ...
CEACAM1 mediates B cell aggregation in central
CEACAM1 mediates B cell aggregation in central

... and the presence of a stromal network producing the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13. In autoimmune diseases B cell aggregation is thought to perpetuate inflammation in the target organ through the local generation of pathogenic lymphocytes or autoantibodies5. Of major importance for understanding the ...
Role and therapeutic value of dendritic cells in central
Role and therapeutic value of dendritic cells in central

... type 17 (Th17) cells by DCs.51 The identification of these pathways has the potential to lead to new therapeutic approaches for MS and other immune-mediated diseases. Role of DCs in the activation of T cells in the CNS. The role of DCs in CNS autoimmunity is not restricted to the polarization of T c ...
Lecture on Inflammation and Innate Immunity
Lecture on Inflammation and Innate Immunity

... • NSAIDs: inhibitors of inflammation and fever (block prostaglandin synthesis) • Glucocorticoids are also potent anti-inflammatory drugs; natural systemic anti-inflammatory mechanism • Agents that block TNF are effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, etc. • Agents that block IL- ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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