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Revealing the role of CD4+ T cells in viral immunity
Revealing the role of CD4+ T cells in viral immunity

Vaccine
Vaccine

... *Types of immune response to vaccines Vaccines containing killed pathogens (such as hepatitis A or the Salk polio vaccine) or antigenic components of pathogens (such as hepatitis B subunit vaccine) do not enter host cells, thereby eliciting a primary B cell mediated humeral response. These antibodi ...
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis

... sequence of human Apo B 100 were synthesized. Using an ELISA with peptides sequences as antigens, antibodies to 101 of these peptide sequences were identified in pooled human sera Several peptide sequences were then used to create vaccines for Immunization in apo E null mice fed a high cholesterol d ...
T-cell development central tolerance
T-cell development central tolerance

Harnessing Their Therapeutic Potential Natural IgM in Immune
Harnessing Their Therapeutic Potential Natural IgM in Immune

... (i.e., targeting of the Ag receptors of some clonally related lymphocytes) downregulation of some autoimmune responses or result from the induction by some IgM anti-idiotypic Abs of apoptotic death of pathogenic B cell clones or the selection of other protective B cell subsets (60–62). The maintenan ...
Chapter 22a Lymphatic System The function of the lymphatic system
Chapter 22a Lymphatic System The function of the lymphatic system

CHAPTER 4 Proteins: Structure, Function, Folding
CHAPTER 4 Proteins: Structure, Function, Folding

... • Composed of two heavy chains and two light chains • Composed of constant domains and variable domains • Light chains: one constant and one variable domain • Heavy chains: three constant and one variable domain • Variable domains of each chain make up antigenbinding site (two/antibody) • Variable d ...
Sherwood 12
Sherwood 12

... from attacking the person’s own tissues • Mechanisms involved in tolerance – Clonal deletion – Clonal anergy – Receptor editing – Inhibition by regulatory T cells – Immunological ignorance – Immune privilege ...
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic system

... immune system to produce Antibodies or Immunoglobulins to destroy this invader  High ...
phase 3 trials in multiple sclerosis - National Multiple Sclerosis Society
phase 3 trials in multiple sclerosis - National Multiple Sclerosis Society

... down immune response, possibly by interfering with T cell activation and movement across blood-brain barrier, and inducing suppressive T cells (Rebif) ...
Read the full report - Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer
Read the full report - Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer

... MDSCs in patients with pancreas cancer compared to non-cancer controls as well as higher levels of circulating Arginase 1. Of note, patients with a larger population of MDSCs had a worse overall survival compared to those with normal levels. A similar study by Khaled et al. found higher levels of MD ...
The application of Toll like receptors for cancer therapy I n t
The application of Toll like receptors for cancer therapy I n t

... have been known to influence the risk of cancer, implicating that genetic variation in specific TLR may be associated with specific tumor progression (22). TLR4 has been known as indicative molecule for detection of predisposition to a cancer (23, 24). It is now clear that anticancer effect by Bacil ...


... postpartum. Colostrum (0.1 ml) was plated on Man Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS) (Merck), and incubated anaerobically at 37 °C for 48h. Probiotic capacity was determined measuring growth at pH 3,0 and growth on 0.3% w/v ox bile salts. Hemolytic activity, antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhim ...
王青青_Tumor Immunology
王青青_Tumor Immunology

... • Overexpressed or aberrantly expressed self antigens • PSA, MART-1/Melan A, tyrosinase, gp100 • Expressed in a tumor of a given type and normal tissues from which it is derived • Potentially useful target for immnotherapy for tumor of prostate, ovary or melanocytes ...
CHAPTER 1  INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

... haemorrhage (loss of erythrocytes) and dyshaemopoiesis (ineffective erythrocyte production) (Jain 1993; Anon. 2009a). It is not unexpected that haemoparasitic infections can cause anaemia, since their life cycles are closely linked to the circulatory system of their hosts. Apart from their effect on ...
immune system
immune system

... Our bodies are homes to millions of organisms Millions of microbes have made your body their habitat and most of them will never do you any harm. However, some can be pathogenic, which means that they cause disease. Human pathogens include some bacteria, viruses and fungi, as well as parasites such ...
Document
Document

... Immunocompetent B or T cells • Display a unique type of receptor that responds to a distinct antigen • Become immunocompetent before they encounter antigens they may later attack • Are exported to secondary lymphoid tissue where encounters with antigens occur • Mature into fully functional antigen- ...
immune system
immune system

Dynamic imaging of host–pathogen interactions in vivo
Dynamic imaging of host–pathogen interactions in vivo

... the influence of the local tissue environment on both immune cells and the invading pathogen is taken into account. For example, bacterial pathogens might use two component regulatory systems to sense their environment and alter the expression of virulence factors, whereas the function of dendritic ...
Analyzing the antibody against H-Y antigen in hematopoietic cell
Analyzing the antibody against H-Y antigen in hematopoietic cell

PPT Version - OMICS International
PPT Version - OMICS International

... Various cofactors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of KS, including genetic susceptibility, immunologic alterations, and endocrine factors. Human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) is believed to be a major causative factor for all clinical var ...
Lorem Ipsum - NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
Lorem Ipsum - NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine

... reduced mobility,  respiratory muscle strength & vital capacity  pneumonia altered GI function/breached mucosal barrier ...
Dendritic Cells: Features and Functions
Dendritic Cells: Features and Functions

... or externally with ' " I and lactoperoxidase (unpublished). DC probably express the T200 or leukocyte common antigens (Nussenzweig unpublished) and they display and synthesize class I polypeptides of the MHC (Figure 2). In contrast, radiolabeled B cells synthesize both Ig and MHC products (Figure 2, ...
Three major uncertainties in the antibody therapy
Three major uncertainties in the antibody therapy

... Antibodies against surface molecules of human tumors are now frequently administered in combination with strong chemotherapy, increasing therapeutic efficacy but making the task of elucidating immunological events more difficult. Experiments on genetically manipulated mice indicate that antibody eff ...
Of Mice and Not Men: Differences between Mouse and Human
Of Mice and Not Men: Differences between Mouse and Human

< 1 ... 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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