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The Role of CD2 Family Members in NK-Cell Regulation of B
The Role of CD2 Family Members in NK-Cell Regulation of B

... between T and B cells with a resultant deficiency in T dependent antibody responses and production of T cell derived cytokines [66,67]. In order to analyze the role of this T cell function for the development of ANA the SAP-deficient strain was crossed with the B6.Sle1b strain. The results showed th ...
Lymphatic System - Dr. Annette M. Parrott
Lymphatic System - Dr. Annette M. Parrott

... – Cell mediated immune responses—T cells destroy intruders with cytotoxic substances. – Antibody-mediated immune responses detect and destroy specific foreign substances. ...
Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Arachidonic acid mobilization by stimuli of the innate immune
Arachidonic acid mobilization by stimuli of the innate immune

The Ultrastructure of Sarcoma I Cells and
The Ultrastructure of Sarcoma I Cells and

... of the macrophages to target cells which demands metabolic activity of the macrophages appears to be necessary for target cell destruction (9, 10). It was later discovered that immune macrophages interacting with target cells in vitro release a SMC into the surrounding medium (11). The cell-free med ...
BD is a multisystem inflammatory disease characterised by recurrent
BD is a multisystem inflammatory disease characterised by recurrent

Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Building a Meta-predictor for MHC Class II Binding Peptides
Building a Meta-predictor for MHC Class II Binding Peptides

... In this chapter, the steps for building such a system based on the Naïve Bayesian (14) approach are presented. The Bayesian framework has the flexibility to incorporate any predictor that makes prediction from a computed score correlated with the binding affinity of MHC class II peptides. Here, in ...
B lymphocytes as emerging mediators of insulin
B lymphocytes as emerging mediators of insulin

... Antibodies have direct pathogenic roles in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus and myasthenia gravis, but until recently there had been little or no evidence that autoantibodies contribute to the development of insulin resistance. Our recent findings challenge this notion, as transfer of serum ...
Chapter 21a
Chapter 21a

... Small molecules, such as peptides, nucleotides, and many hormones, that are not immunogenic but are reactive when attached to protein carriers ...
Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy
Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy

... • Overexpressed or aberrantly expressed self antigens • PSA, MART-1/Melan A, tyrosinase, gp100 • Expressed in a tumor of a given type and normal tissues from which it is derived • Potentially useful target for immnotherapy for tumor of prostate, ovary or melanocytes ...
Meningitis_Prince
Meningitis_Prince

... Those at risk lack specific IgG to facilitate phagocytosis, or lack splenic function which is important in clearing encapsulated organisms from the blood. Patients with anatomical defects enabling organisms in the respiratory tract to gain access to the CNS are also at higher risk for pneumococcal m ...
4. Quaternary structure
4. Quaternary structure

... The amino acids are held together in a protein by covalent peptide bonds or linkages. These bonds are rather strong and serve as the cementing material between the individual amino acids (considered as bricks). Formation of a peptide bond: When the amino group of an amino acid combines with the carb ...
Anthrax - Schools
Anthrax - Schools

... • Anthrax is an acute disease in animals caused by the bacteria Bacillus Anthracis. • Anthrax bacillus has the unique ability to form long-lived spores, they become inactive dormat spores and can remain this way for many decades maybe even centuries! This can be caused by: • The death of a host • Ex ...
Immune response to multiple stimuli
Immune response to multiple stimuli

File
File

... invader in a very short time becomes 2, and then they divide producing 4, and then again to 8. This will go on until either your immune system adapts to the invader, producing antibodies to alert the macrophages to eat the bacteria, or until the number of bacteria overwhelms the body, leading to the ...
Morphology of autoimmune hepatitis - pathologie
Morphology of autoimmune hepatitis - pathologie

... Lobular single-cell necroses. Intralobular necroses of hepatocytes occur that are characterized by acidophilia, cell debris and isolated inflammatory cells. In the vicinity, the above-mentioned activated Kupffer cells occur in increased numbers and always migrate towards cellular damage. Kupffer cel ...
Gene Section FCER2 (Fc fragment of IgE, low affinity II, receptor
Gene Section FCER2 (Fc fragment of IgE, low affinity II, receptor

... Homology At this time a paralogous gene is not known in humans. It does not show similarity to FCER1, the other member of the immunoglobin E receptor family. Orthologues have been shown in mouse, rat and cow, with up to 58% homology at the protein level. However, some of the domains required for the ...
Hematopoietic and Immune Cell Products – Essential Tools
Hematopoietic and Immune Cell Products – Essential Tools

Γεωργοπούλου 4-4
Γεωργοπούλου 4-4

... required less often. There is a small risk of reversion to virulence, this risk is smaller in vaccines with deletions. Attenuated vaccines also cannot be used by immunocompromised individuals. ...
Failure to dilate is a predictor of mortality
Failure to dilate is a predictor of mortality

... – Innate followed by adaptive • Innate: early, containment • Adaptive: fine tunning – 7-10 days – Ab response ...
Immunesystem - Child Early Intervention Medical Center
Immunesystem - Child Early Intervention Medical Center

... There is a tendency towards a positive family history of autoimmunity in families – Rheumatoid Arthritis, Thyroiditis - with an ASD child, and a genetic tendency towards autoimmune disorders as well. Many, many types of autoantibodies (against “self” tissues) have been found in ASD children but the ...
The Physiology of Lymphocyte Migration
The Physiology of Lymphocyte Migration

... The immune system maintains a pool of recirculating lymphocytes that cycle around the blood and the lymphatic system. The pace of recirculation is large, the number of lymphocytes entering the blood from the lymph each day is 10 times the size of the recirculating lymphocyte pool [2]. The number of ...
DNA Fingerprinting Assays for Evaluating
DNA Fingerprinting Assays for Evaluating

... assays to evaluate the extent of marrow engraftment following marrow transplantation. This assay could also be used to evaluate microchimerism after solid organ transplantation. Biology & Clinical Utility of DNA Fingerprint Assays The success of allogeneic marrow transplantation depends on stable en ...
Immunostimulating activity of maysin i
Immunostimulating activity of maysin i

... production of various cytokines, including TNF-α and NO, in macrophages (17). Therefore, Akt has important functions in the immune system (19). NF-κB is an important transcription factor in macrophage activation that regulates the transcription of many immunomodulatory mediators (15). NF-κB is locat ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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