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Chapter 13 - Faculty Web Sites
Chapter 13 - Faculty Web Sites

...  Occurs naturally whenever a person gets an infection  Can also occur through vaccination  Introduction of a harmless form of an antigen into the body to stimulate immune responses  Long-lived because memory cells are produced ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... invade and spread within the host (know for test) Ex. List the categories of “virulence” factors in microbes; explain each category, and give an example of a disease causing agent for each category. Adherence: In order for a microbe to cause disease it first must adhere to a host surface. Some micro ...
Enriched CD161high CCR6+ γδ T Cells in the Cerebrospinal Fluid
Enriched CD161high CCR6+ γδ T Cells in the Cerebrospinal Fluid

... autoimmune disorders (mean [SD], 5.9% [5.4%]) and patients with noninflammatory disease (mean [SD], 6.5% [6%]) (Figure 1B). The fraction of CD161high CCR6⫹ ␥␦ T cells was also elevated in the CSF of patients with neuroinfectious disease (mean [SD], 9.5% [7.3%]). However, when we compared paired samp ...
Discovering conserved DNA
Discovering conserved DNA

... • Isolate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) • Expand their number artificially in cell culture to recognize the tumor-specific neoantigens • Infuse TIL back into the bloodstream, recognize and destroy the tumor cells ...
Virulence factors
Virulence factors

... 2. E. feacalis is the most common isolate being associated with 80-90% of human enterococcal infection. E. faecium ranks second and is isolated from 10-15% of infection. 3. It is the second most common cause of nosocomial UTI and wound infection and the third most common cause of bacterimia. Unlike ...
Product Package Insert Catalogue #IS2075 Lot 95
Product Package Insert Catalogue #IS2075 Lot 95

... Since the amount of AF/CDC reference preparation is limited, it should be used to calibrate secondary standards which can be run each day along with other samples being analyzed. The validity of any secondary standard depends on its having the same specificity as the primary AF/CDC standard (anti-nD ...
What are hypersensitivities?
What are hypersensitivities?

... What factors affect predisposition toward Type I hypersensitivities? Genetic factors ...
Chapter 22 - The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Chapter 22 - The Lymphatic System and Immunity

... A) The body has billions of genes for antigen receptors. B) A given antigen receptor can bind many very different antigens. C) Most antigens differ only slightly; one receptor can recognize closely related antigens. D) The genes for antigen receptors can be recombined to form many different receptor ...
Laboratory evaluation of the immune system Authors
Laboratory evaluation of the immune system Authors

... the cellular immune system. Normal lymphocyte counts in infants are much higher than in older children and adults [9,10]. In many primary immunodeficiency disorders, cell populations are initially normal, and then decline over time. Thus, normal results in the past cannot be relied upon as a reflect ...
Vasculitis
Vasculitis

The current knowledge of immune privilege in stem cells
The current knowledge of immune privilege in stem cells

Prezentacja programu PowerPoint
Prezentacja programu PowerPoint

... because the number of normal bone marrow pre-B lymphoblasts (the cell of origin) peaks in early childhood. Similarly, the peak incidence of pre-T ALL is in adolescence, the age when the thymus reaches its maximal size. Both pre-B and pre-T ALL occur in adults of all ages, but much less frequently th ...
Infectious Diseases Modules Barriers to Infection
Infectious Diseases Modules Barriers to Infection

... In cell numbers, bacterial > mammalian! comprising 1014 microbes:1013 mammalian cells >1000’s species bacteria, funghi, live symbiotically on the human body External surfaces: skin and conjuctiva of the eye Internal surfaces: linings of the digestive, respiratory & urogenital tracts Internal structu ...
Mechanisms of CD4 T lymphocyte cell death in human
Mechanisms of CD4 T lymphocyte cell death in human

SOMATIC GENERATION OF IMMUNE DIVERSITY
SOMATIC GENERATION OF IMMUNE DIVERSITY

... already been established (8,9). These technical developments led some scientists, including myself, to think that one can experimentally determine the number of immunoglobulin genes contained in a germline genome and thereby decide which of the two major theories of antibody diversity is correct. Th ...
王青青_Tumor Immunology
王青青_Tumor Immunology

... • Overexpressed or aberrantly expressed self antigens • PSA, MART-1/Melan A, tyrosinase, gp100 • Expressed in a tumor of a given type and normal tissues from which it is derived • Potentially useful target for immnotherapy for tumor of prostate, ovary or melanocytes ...
PowerPoint to accompany
PowerPoint to accompany

... • Complement also serves to activate the acute inflammatory response • In all three pathways, a C3-convertase cleaves and activates component C3, creating C3a and C3b and causing a cascade of further cleavage and activation events • C5b initiates the membrane attack pathway, which results in the mem ...
PDF - Prairie Swine Centre
PDF - Prairie Swine Centre

... Studies in humans have suggested that immature dendritic cells (DC) recognized by anti- CD209/DC-SIGN have a contact relationship with uNK cells in early decidua [24,25]. We found that antihuman CD209 marked a relatively rare cell of stellate morphology in virgin and in gd20 and gd50 pig endometrium ...
Chaperonins in disease: mechanisms, models, and treatments
Chaperonins in disease: mechanisms, models, and treatments

An integrated model of the recognition of Candida albicans
An integrated model of the recognition of Candida albicans

... : production of toxic oxydants, activation of granule protease. ...
Vaccines: Fact and Fiction - Voelcker Biosciences Teacher Academy
Vaccines: Fact and Fiction - Voelcker Biosciences Teacher Academy

... A. Infants under 6 months of age cannot respond to killed vaccines. B. Giving multiple vaccines at the same time results in a decreased immune response to the individual components. C. The 2014 vaccination schedule protects against more pathogens than the 1980 vaccination schedule. ...
Brain-Resident Immune Cells Responses As an Endogenous
Brain-Resident Immune Cells Responses As an Endogenous

Vaccine and Vaccination
Vaccine and Vaccination

... • These plasmids can be delivered into the host cells by various techniques. • The simplest one is by injecting them intramuscularly. Better delivery of these plasmids to intracellular locations can be achieved by shooting plasmids adsorbed on gold nanoparticles using “Gene Gun”. • In the host cells ...
dynamics of cell populations in lymph node during primary immune
dynamics of cell populations in lymph node during primary immune

... as well as the relationship between humoral and cell-mediated immune response. This led to postulation that the par acortical hyperplasia was essential for the induction of primary immune response, especially in "true" primary response. ...
Fatty Acids and the Immune System
Fatty Acids and the Immune System

... • Why do we need immune modulation in the first place? • Answer: Similar to avoid excessive, chronic inflammation which leads to tissue destruction. • FAs such as DHA and EPA can reduce production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, IL-23) • FAs can increase phagocytic activity • FAs can decreas ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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