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Robert Friedland - ICAD-Me
Robert Friedland - ICAD-Me

Trafficking of B Cell Antigen in Lymph Nodes
Trafficking of B Cell Antigen in Lymph Nodes

Reprint - Immune Tolerance Network
Reprint - Immune Tolerance Network

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Enterobacteria

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Immunology
Immunology

... one binding sites. A simple IgG molecules is multivalent as it has two antigen binding sites while an antigen may be monovalent (e.g. in hapten) or multivalent. When an antigen binds an antibody with more than two binding sites the avidity become grater than the sum of ...
A Hypomorphic IgH-Chain Allele Affects Development of B
A Hypomorphic IgH-Chain Allele Affects Development of B

... leads to reduction of the surface expression of pre-BCR and BCR on respective cell populations. The authors report on strong block in B-cell development in hypomorphic homozygote mice with particular effect on development of follicular B-cells in the spleen and the B1a cell population in the periton ...
P14_-_repeating
P14_-_repeating

... Graham method is used in pinworms only (and as one task you can do it practically!) Wet mount „sensu stricto“ and stainded preparations (e. g. trichrom) are used in increased suspicion for intestinal protozoa (either primarilly, or after seeing Faust and ...
Immune responses to human papillomavirus
Immune responses to human papillomavirus

Provides Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms of Multiple Sclerosis
Provides Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms of Multiple Sclerosis

Dendritic Cells Interactions with the Immune System
Dendritic Cells Interactions with the Immune System

... similar, DCs from different animals may present distinct functionalities. For example, rhesus macaques and human DCs express similar TLR panel. However, signaling through TLR9 produces less IFN-α and negligible IL-12 from PDCs in macaques in comparison to the human counterparts. Furthermore, surface ...
Role of intestinal epithelial cells in the innate immune defence
Role of intestinal epithelial cells in the innate immune defence

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(DTH) mouse model for atopic dermatitis

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Block 1 * Foundations + Immunology + Infectious Diseases
Block 1 * Foundations + Immunology + Infectious Diseases

... Define the terms ‘viscera’ (singular ‘viscus’), ‘visceral systems’, ‘parenchyma’, ‘stroma’, ‘endocrine glands’, ‘exocrine glands’, ‘lumen’, ‘hilum’ ...
The Role of Endocrine System in the Inflammatory Process The
The Role of Endocrine System in the Inflammatory Process The

... of stimuli. In situations in which inflammation is not properly regulated, inflammatory response may be exaggerated or ineffective, leading to immune dysfunction, recurrent infections, and tissue damage, both locally and systemically. Various hormones, cytokines, vitamins, metabolites, and neurotran ...
Vaccine development strategies Plasmodium falciparum
Vaccine development strategies Plasmodium falciparum

... mechanisms of antigen uptake and expression levels of MHC and costimulatory molecules. DCs internalize antigen via endocytosis (ingestion of macromolecules) and phagocytosis (engulfment of pathogens); macrophages via phagocytosis only, and B cells via B-cell receptor (BCR) mediated endocytosis. DCs ...
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Nature_and_role_of_inflammation _

... The role of the spleen in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease was assessed by counting pitted erythrocytes with differential interference microscopy and by splenic ultrasound. This research may show marked hyposplenism and remain at risk of overwhelming infection and operative compl ...
Adaptive Immune Response of V2V2 T Cells During Mycobacterial
Adaptive Immune Response of V2V2 T Cells During Mycobacterial

... nonpeptide antigens (19). The contribution of these cells to vaccine protection against tuberculosis was demonstrated in the juvenile rhesus model. BCG-mediated protection against the fatal form of tuberculosis has been reported in ...
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Role of T- and B-lymphocytes in pulmonary host defences
Role of T- and B-lymphocytes in pulmonary host defences

... and IL-10 indirectly inhibits these responses by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-12 and IL-18 by macrophages (fig. 1). IL-12 is a 75 kDa heterodimer, which is produced by macrophages when they encounter many microbial products, including lipopolysaccharides, component ...
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development of a catheter-based applicator for

Analysis of the Original Antigenic Sin Antibody Response to the
Analysis of the Original Antigenic Sin Antibody Response to the

... We evaluated the effect of sequential exposure to C. trachomatis antigenic variants on antibody responses. We demonstrated that OAS antibodies to serovar C EBs are readily detectable by the MIF assay from sera of mice primed with serovar C and boosted with serovars A, K, H, or B. Homologous boosting ...
The function of Fcγ receptors in dendritic cells and macrophages
The function of Fcγ receptors in dendritic cells and macrophages

... activate signalling cascades via SRC family kinases and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)2,6,7. The inhibitory FcγR, FcγRIIB, has an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) in its intracytoplasmic domain8. ...
Wk14-AsperLionel
Wk14-AsperLionel

...  Innate immunity refers to antigen-nonspecific defense mechanisms that a host uses immediately or within several hours after exposure to almost any antigen. This is the immunity one is born with and is the initial response by the body to eliminate microbes and prevent infection. ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... autoimmune responses and inflammation [18]. Li et al. recently identified a population of B cells that produce and secrete the cytokine granulocyte macrophage–colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). These B cells, which also produce IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, but not IL-10, were twice as frequent ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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