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MicroRNAs of the immune system - Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology
MicroRNAs of the immune system - Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology

... be critical for a particular biologic process. Alternatively, there are hints that a particular miRNA may target multiple components that belong to a common regulatory pathway;45 therefore, the impact of miRNA control of a process may be additive and much more important than the moderate effects on ...
The Fun Part: Testing Hypotheses Generated by the Complete
The Fun Part: Testing Hypotheses Generated by the Complete

... & High School Education – An Update of Efforts at Hiram College ...
UChicago`s unique access to infectious disease facilities, clinical
UChicago`s unique access to infectious disease facilities, clinical

... Synthetic Peptide Adjuvant Produces Robust Immune Response without Provoking Excess Inflammation ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
Sample pages 1 PDF

Introduction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a highly degenerative, auto
Introduction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a highly degenerative, auto

... better understand its entirety. One finding that has been proven several times is that the microglia is among the prime suspects for the degradation of myelin and axonal membrane. AIS pathology isn’t solely subjugated under microglia’s jurisdiction, AIS plasticity has also been proven to advance the ...
Invasion of Salmonella into human intestinal epithelial cells is
Invasion of Salmonella into human intestinal epithelial cells is

... and control Henle cells in equal numbers. The reason for the difference between these two bacterial genera is unknown, although diverse invasion mechanisms provide one possible explanation. HLA-B27-positive individuals are predisposed to develop ReA after certain mucosal infections. Despite intensiv ...
2015 Immunology Whitebook - Dalhousie Medical School
2015 Immunology Whitebook - Dalhousie Medical School

... functions are very briefly summarized below. Antibodies specifically bind to pathogens to bring them to the attention of other parts of the immune system (Complement and phagocytic cells). B cells are the only cells that make antibodies. Antibodies are also referred to as “immunoglobulins”. Compleme ...
Understanding the Immune System in Myeloma
Understanding the Immune System in Myeloma

... Pembrolizumab ...
Methods. Anti-LFA-1 mAb was used in a multiple minor
Methods. Anti-LFA-1 mAb was used in a multiple minor

... deposition from the graft that supports this conceptually. However, the minor antigen mismatch model does not allow us to evaluate DSA since most mH-Ags are not expressed on the surface. It is interesting that a short course of anti-LFA-1 mAb treatment induced long-term suppression of allospecific T ...
The immune system as the sixth sense
The immune system as the sixth sense

... been neither cloned nor sequenced when we began these studies, routine biochemical means (such as sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) available at the time were used to address this issue [4, 5]. We reasoned that as IFN-a bioactivity is sensitive to the action of pepsin, wher ...
Update on mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in lupus and scleroderma Open Access
Update on mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in lupus and scleroderma Open Access

... the T- or B-cell interaction and their co-stimulatory signals, have been used despite the paucity of validated therapeutic targets and the failure to demonstrate the efficacy of rituximab in renal and extra-renal manifestations of SLE [7]. In 2011, a monoclonal antibody against B cellactivating fact ...
Peptides in Neurons and Microglia Inducing the Synthesis of
Peptides in Neurons and Microglia Inducing the Synthesis of

... immunological reaction that encompasses both neural components and peripheral immune system cells. Within the mammalian CNS, resident glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, have been shown to initiate a characteristic innate immune response by producing and releasing antimicrobial peptides ...
Phagocytosis in Teleosts. Implications of the New Cells Involved
Phagocytosis in Teleosts. Implications of the New Cells Involved

File - wilson science WEBSITE
File - wilson science WEBSITE

... • All antigen receptors on a single lymphocyte recognize the same epitope, or antigenic determinant, on an antigen • B cells give rise to plasma cells, which secrete proteins called antibodies or immunoglobulins ...
COMPLETE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF HEAVY CHAIN
COMPLETE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF HEAVY CHAIN

... when coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH-Ars), produces a strong antihapten response when injected into A/J mice (9). Structural and serologic studies using antibodies from mice inoculated in this manner have shown that this response is generated from only a very limited number of variable reg ...
The role of Th1/Th2 polarization in mucosal immunity
The role of Th1/Th2 polarization in mucosal immunity

... T helper cells31,42. In mice, two subsets of CD11c+ DCs (CD8α+ After differentiation and migration to the peripheral immune and CD8α– DCs) have been identified that induce distinct organs, CD4+ T cells are termed naive T precursor cells and are classes of antigen-specific T-cell responses in vivo31. ...
Function of complement regulatory proteins in immunity of
Function of complement regulatory proteins in immunity of

Monoclonal antibodies to human plasma Protein X alias
Monoclonal antibodies to human plasma Protein X alias

... Additionally, a small amount of polymeric aggregates appear to be present in plasma. Reduction of disulfide bonds led to liberation of a polypeptide of approx. 15 K as d i s c e r n e d by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE immunoblotting. Protein X is not cleaved to lower molecular weight entities during the ...
Transgenic Model Injection of Dendritic Cells in a TCR Division, and
Transgenic Model Injection of Dendritic Cells in a TCR Division, and

The Stress Response and Its Functional Implications
The Stress Response and Its Functional Implications

... The T lymphocytes are a part of the cell-mediated immunity and their role is the cytokines production and support of the B cells activation. The T lymphocytes are divided into following subsets: helper (Th), cytotoxic (CCTL), regulatory (T reg) and memory (Tm). Similarly B cells and the T cells also ...
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... since the common ancestor of mouse and human is conserved, subjected to strong purifying selection, and is thus functional (Siepel et al. 2005). Because the fraction of conserved sequences is higher than the protein coding sequences, it seems obvious that a large fraction of the functional elements ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in the
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in the

... 3.2. Unfolded protein response and ER stress ER stress is defined as the cellular responses to the disturbances of normal function of ER. The most common cause of ER stress is protein mis-folding. ER is the place where newly produced proteins fold into 3-dimensional conformation which is essential f ...
CHAPTER 10 BLOOD GROUPS: ABO AND Rh
CHAPTER 10 BLOOD GROUPS: ABO AND Rh

... (isoagglutinins) to A and B blood group substances, however, are mostly of the IgM class (typical of anti-carbohydrate responses) and therefore do not cross the placenta. IgG antibodies to the A and B blood group antigens may develop in some individuals, and the resulting ABO incompatibility actuall ...
Natural Killer cells in Innate Defense against Infective Pathogens
Natural Killer cells in Innate Defense against Infective Pathogens

... class I-like glycoprotein m157, which is expressed on the surface of infected cells and is directly ligated by Ly49H [9,10]. Upon recognition of MCMV-infected cells via Ly49H, NK cells secrete cytokines, such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, and kill infected cells by the release of lytic granules that contain p ...
1 Bacteria and Archaea An Introduction to Prokaryotes
1 Bacteria and Archaea An Introduction to Prokaryotes

< 1 ... 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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