Antioxidant and Prooxidant Activities of
... Prast and Philippu, 2001). Recent evidence obtained from nonphagocytic cells suggests that several cytokines, growth factors, hormones, and neurotransmitters trigger rapid production of ROS and/or RNOS, which may function as signaling molecules in various signal transduction pathways (Lander, 1997; ...
... Prast and Philippu, 2001). Recent evidence obtained from nonphagocytic cells suggests that several cytokines, growth factors, hormones, and neurotransmitters trigger rapid production of ROS and/or RNOS, which may function as signaling molecules in various signal transduction pathways (Lander, 1997; ...
Aging Your research has focused on oxidative stress and aging. What... and what role does it play in the aging process
... animals. Since this toxin specifically targets the mitochondria, we can now see that age-related mitochondrial decay may make us much more prone to a variety of toxicological and environmental insults. Of course, damage to the mitochondria by toxins also affects their ability to produce energy. Q: ...
... animals. Since this toxin specifically targets the mitochondria, we can now see that age-related mitochondrial decay may make us much more prone to a variety of toxicological and environmental insults. Of course, damage to the mitochondria by toxins also affects their ability to produce energy. Q: ...
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Special Issue
... Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide of glycine, cysteine, and glutamate, is a major cellular antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals and reactive oxygen species, detoxifies reactive electrophile products of lipid peroxidation, and maintains the thiol status of proteins. When GSH reacts with oxidants, ...
... Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide of glycine, cysteine, and glutamate, is a major cellular antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals and reactive oxygen species, detoxifies reactive electrophile products of lipid peroxidation, and maintains the thiol status of proteins. When GSH reacts with oxidants, ...
Dietary Supplementation With Lipoic Acid Inhibits Exercise
... INTRODUCTION The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical occurs as a consequence of normal cellular metabolism (1). ROS-related molecular damage includes DNA strand breaks and single base modifications (2), oxidation of amino acid ...
... INTRODUCTION The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen, superoxide radical, and hydroxyl radical occurs as a consequence of normal cellular metabolism (1). ROS-related molecular damage includes DNA strand breaks and single base modifications (2), oxidation of amino acid ...
INTRODUCTION - international journal of advances in
... via the electron transport chain. This electron transport chain is shown in fig.3. These energy-rich molecules are produced within the matrix via the Citric Acid Cycle but are also produced in the cytoplasm by glycolysis. Reducing equivalents from the cytoplasm can be imported via the malate-asparta ...
... via the electron transport chain. This electron transport chain is shown in fig.3. These energy-rich molecules are produced within the matrix via the Citric Acid Cycle but are also produced in the cytoplasm by glycolysis. Reducing equivalents from the cytoplasm can be imported via the malate-asparta ...
Possible Roles of Plant Sulfurtransferases in Detoxification of
... indicating a role of this Str in heavy metal stress [22]. Str/rhodanese domains are structurally similar to the catalytic subunit of arsenate reductase and Cdc25 phosphatase [14]. The high abundance of Str proteins in A. thaliana and other plant species [1] in different cellular compartments is spec ...
... indicating a role of this Str in heavy metal stress [22]. Str/rhodanese domains are structurally similar to the catalytic subunit of arsenate reductase and Cdc25 phosphatase [14]. The high abundance of Str proteins in A. thaliana and other plant species [1] in different cellular compartments is spec ...
TCA Cycle Defects and Cancer: When Metabolism Tunes Redox State
... are NADP+ -dependent homodimers, whereas IDH3 is a NAD+ -reliant heterotetrameric enzyme. Whereas IDH1 is found into cytoplasm and peroxisomes, IDH2 and IDH3 are exclusively localized into the mitochondrial matrix, and, although all three isoforms are able to decarboxylate isocitrate, IDH3 is the ma ...
... are NADP+ -dependent homodimers, whereas IDH3 is a NAD+ -reliant heterotetrameric enzyme. Whereas IDH1 is found into cytoplasm and peroxisomes, IDH2 and IDH3 are exclusively localized into the mitochondrial matrix, and, although all three isoforms are able to decarboxylate isocitrate, IDH3 is the ma ...
Lecture # 7 Pentose Phosphate Pathway
... • GSH is extremely important particularly in the highly oxidizing environment of the red blood cell. • Mature RBCs have no mitochondria and are totally dependent on NADPH from the pentose phosphate pathway to regenerate GSH from GSSG via glutathione reductase. • In fact, as much as 10% of glucose co ...
... • GSH is extremely important particularly in the highly oxidizing environment of the red blood cell. • Mature RBCs have no mitochondria and are totally dependent on NADPH from the pentose phosphate pathway to regenerate GSH from GSSG via glutathione reductase. • In fact, as much as 10% of glucose co ...
mitochondria and aging - American Federation for Aging Research
... in the body that serve to control damage to mitochondria. These include antioxidants, the enzyme SOD (superoxide dismutase), and uncoupling proteins, or UCPs. DNA repair mechanisms also play a role. Scientists are now seeking ways to improve the efficacy of these compounds or processes to reduce the ...
... in the body that serve to control damage to mitochondria. These include antioxidants, the enzyme SOD (superoxide dismutase), and uncoupling proteins, or UCPs. DNA repair mechanisms also play a role. Scientists are now seeking ways to improve the efficacy of these compounds or processes to reduce the ...
mitochondria and aging - American Federation for Aging Research
... in the body that serve to control damage to mitochondria. These include antioxidants, the enzyme SOD (superoxide dismutase), and uncoupling proteins, or UCPs. DNA repair mechanisms also play a role. Scientists are now seeking ways to improve the efficacy of these compounds or processes to reduce the ...
... in the body that serve to control damage to mitochondria. These include antioxidants, the enzyme SOD (superoxide dismutase), and uncoupling proteins, or UCPs. DNA repair mechanisms also play a role. Scientists are now seeking ways to improve the efficacy of these compounds or processes to reduce the ...
Mitochondria and Mitochondrial ROS in Cancer: Novel Targets for
... Mitochondria are indispensable for energy metabolism, apoptosis regulation, and cell signaling. Mitochondria in malignant cells differ structurally and functionally from those in normal cells and participate actively in metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondria in cancer cells are characterized by react ...
... Mitochondria are indispensable for energy metabolism, apoptosis regulation, and cell signaling. Mitochondria in malignant cells differ structurally and functionally from those in normal cells and participate actively in metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondria in cancer cells are characterized by react ...
Role of Oxidative Stress in Skeletal Muscle
... to IFN, IL-1, interleukin-6, or c-reactive protein.3,4 TNF administration also stimulates loss of muscle protein, both in cultured muscle cells2 and in experimental animals.5 In patients with chronic disease, elevated serum TNF levels are strongly correlated with muscle atrophy and peripheral weakne ...
... to IFN, IL-1, interleukin-6, or c-reactive protein.3,4 TNF administration also stimulates loss of muscle protein, both in cultured muscle cells2 and in experimental animals.5 In patients with chronic disease, elevated serum TNF levels are strongly correlated with muscle atrophy and peripheral weakne ...
Seminars in Cancer Biology Mitochondria in cancer: Not just
... thanks to the widespread clinical applications of the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging technique which can use the glucose analogue tracer 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). FDG–PET imaging of thousands of patients has shown that most primary and metastatic human cancers display significantly incr ...
... thanks to the widespread clinical applications of the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging technique which can use the glucose analogue tracer 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). FDG–PET imaging of thousands of patients has shown that most primary and metastatic human cancers display significantly incr ...
Unit 8A
... oxidative phosphorylation as a source of adenosine triphosphate. Although skeletal muscle can tolerate this shift in metabolism, consequences for brain function could be devastating due to its heavy reliance on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to generate the energy needed for cellular proces ...
... oxidative phosphorylation as a source of adenosine triphosphate. Although skeletal muscle can tolerate this shift in metabolism, consequences for brain function could be devastating due to its heavy reliance on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to generate the energy needed for cellular proces ...
Generation of Free Radical
... the cellular level, which involves proper thyroid hormone levels, healthy mitochondrial function, and an active ...
... the cellular level, which involves proper thyroid hormone levels, healthy mitochondrial function, and an active ...
The α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex in cancer metabolic
... complete inactivation [40–42]. On the other hand, in response to NADH accumulation, stimulated by increased α-KG levels, the E3 subunit may generate H2O2 [43, 44] (Fig. 1) at much higher levels than CI [45]. Although physiological amounts of ROS are essential for cell survival, their excess fosters ...
... complete inactivation [40–42]. On the other hand, in response to NADH accumulation, stimulated by increased α-KG levels, the E3 subunit may generate H2O2 [43, 44] (Fig. 1) at much higher levels than CI [45]. Although physiological amounts of ROS are essential for cell survival, their excess fosters ...
Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders
... MPTP, a selective inhibitor of PD mitochondrial complex I, directed researchers’ attention to pathological roles of mitochondria in PD and raised the possibility that environmental toxins affecting mitochondria might cause PD. Other mitochondrial toxins characterized as parkinsonism-inducing reagent ...
... MPTP, a selective inhibitor of PD mitochondrial complex I, directed researchers’ attention to pathological roles of mitochondria in PD and raised the possibility that environmental toxins affecting mitochondria might cause PD. Other mitochondrial toxins characterized as parkinsonism-inducing reagent ...
Impact of Ischemia on Cellular Metabolism
... lar concentrations of Na+, Cl- and Ca2+, as well as an increase in the extracellular concentration of K+. Progressive depolarization of the cell also promotes prolonged activa‐ tion of voltage-dependent sodium channels. [29] The accumulation of sodium in the cytosol is multifactorial. Acidosis stimu ...
... lar concentrations of Na+, Cl- and Ca2+, as well as an increase in the extracellular concentration of K+. Progressive depolarization of the cell also promotes prolonged activa‐ tion of voltage-dependent sodium channels. [29] The accumulation of sodium in the cytosol is multifactorial. Acidosis stimu ...
Singlet Oxygen
... compounds. However, the first excited state of an oxygen molecule is a singlet state, which can readily react with other singlet molecules. Radiative decay to the triplet ground state is a spin-forbidden transition resulting in a long-lived excited state. Excited singlet oxygen emits phosphorescence ...
... compounds. However, the first excited state of an oxygen molecule is a singlet state, which can readily react with other singlet molecules. Radiative decay to the triplet ground state is a spin-forbidden transition resulting in a long-lived excited state. Excited singlet oxygen emits phosphorescence ...
IMBB researchers uncover a novel mechanism
... Importantly, coordination of biogenesis and turnover of mitochondria enables cells to adjust their mitochondrial content in response to physiological demands, stress and other intracellular or environmental stimuli. In this context, age-related decline of mitophagy both hinders removal of damaged mi ...
... Importantly, coordination of biogenesis and turnover of mitochondria enables cells to adjust their mitochondrial content in response to physiological demands, stress and other intracellular or environmental stimuli. In this context, age-related decline of mitophagy both hinders removal of damaged mi ...
Introduction to Cell Symbiosis Therapy
... To understand why, we first need to look at what the evolutionary advantage was for these bacteria of living within an anaerobic host? Certainly one can imagine that this would at that time have ensured their survival in areas where oxygen levels were still low, but there is another fascinating reas ...
... To understand why, we first need to look at what the evolutionary advantage was for these bacteria of living within an anaerobic host? Certainly one can imagine that this would at that time have ensured their survival in areas where oxygen levels were still low, but there is another fascinating reas ...
abstract
... Inflammation is a complex physiological phenomenon involving chemical and enzymatic mechanisms. During this event, Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Leukocytes (PMNs) play an important role by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and releasing myeloperoxidase (MPO), an oxidant enzyme. The latter one h ...
... Inflammation is a complex physiological phenomenon involving chemical and enzymatic mechanisms. During this event, Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Leukocytes (PMNs) play an important role by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and releasing myeloperoxidase (MPO), an oxidant enzyme. The latter one h ...
Cellular oxygen utilization in health and sepsis
... solute permeability of the mitochondrial membranes. The resulting release of cytochrome c initiates cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, mitochondrial electron transport is itself directly inhibited, increasing the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Examples of ROS are superoxide, hydrogen ...
... solute permeability of the mitochondrial membranes. The resulting release of cytochrome c initiates cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, mitochondrial electron transport is itself directly inhibited, increasing the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Examples of ROS are superoxide, hydrogen ...
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen. Examples include peroxides. superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen.ROS are formed as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. However, during times of environmental stress (e.g., UV or heat exposure), ROS levels can increase dramatically. This may result in significant damage to cell structures. Cumulatively, this is known as oxidative stress. ROS are also generated by exogenous sources such as ionizing radiation.