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17 Loukas.p65
17 Loukas.p65

... anterior belly of the digastric muscle [1, 4, 6, 11, 15, 20, 21, 24]. Norton [11], in 2000, reported a case of bilateral occurrence of accessory digastric muscles, which inserted upon the midline raphe, decussated, and continued to rejoin the contralateral anterior bellies of the digastric muscles b ...
Document
Document

... In this report we describe an unusual combination of anatomical variations in the left upper extremity. A rare case of a variant palmaris longus muscle, an unknown variation of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and a persistent median artery were discovered during routine anatomical dissection. The an ...
fetal pig dissection - lab # 3
fetal pig dissection - lab # 3

... normally held in a fixed position when the muscle contracts. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... The lateral margins where the uterine tube pierces the uterine wall. Below and in front of this point the Round Ligament Of The Uterus Is Fixed, While Behind It Is The Attachment Of The Ligament Of The Ovary. ...
What is the anatomy of the urinary bladder?
What is the anatomy of the urinary bladder?

... • Muscularis layer has two layers, longitudinal smooth muscular and circular muscle • The two muscle layers form the detrusor muscle, which contracts to expel urine out the urethra ...
CHAPTER 7 “The Axial Skeleton #2” Course objectives: Define and
CHAPTER 7 “The Axial Skeleton #2” Course objectives: Define and

... costal cartilage. - are called vertebrosternal ribs. 2. false ribs – the remaining five pairs of ribs. There are two types of false ribs.  vertebrochondral ribs -- rib pairs #8, #9, and #10 are connected by a single band of costal cartilage to the inferior portion of the sternum. Unlike the first s ...
BIOL-6A Lab Manual
BIOL-6A Lab Manual

... Collecting information is part of doing science, but the more important part is using the information to test hypotheses. In this activity you’ll practice gathering data, displaying data in tables and graphs, and using data to test hypotheses. All scientists must develop their observational skills t ...
anatomy of the knee - Nashville Knee and Shoulder
anatomy of the knee - Nashville Knee and Shoulder

... thighbone (femur) with the lower leg bone (tibia). The end of the femur has two rounded structures known as the femoral condyles. The lateral femoral condyle is on the outside part of the knee while the medial femoral condyle is on the inside. The medial condyle is larger and more symmetrical than t ...
The Ansa Cervicalis in Fetuses
The Ansa Cervicalis in Fetuses

... to the IJV. However, it was also reported by Kikuchi (1970) that the AC could also be located medical to the IJV. Furthermore, Banneheka described a mixed type arrangement of AC to the IJV: this occurs when the inferior root has two or more branches that join the superior root and at least one of th ...
Separate muscle bundles of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Separate muscle bundles of the flexor digitorum superficialis

... Background: The aim of this study was to elucidate the morphological characteristics of the muscle bundles of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) attached to the intermuscular aponeurosis (IMA) and any related structure that could potentially compress the ulnar nerve. Materials and methods: Fif ...
Neck - Surgical Anatomy
Neck - Surgical Anatomy

... lymphatic chain receives drainage mainly from the nasopharynx, but in its upper portion it communicates with the subdigastric nodes of the deep internal jugular vein. Inferiorly, the lateral cervical chain turns forward into what is called the supraclavicular group of nodes to join the internal jugu ...
COMMENTARY The diversity of hydrostatic skeletons
COMMENTARY The diversity of hydrostatic skeletons

... amplification of the force and displacement of muscle contraction. In hydrostatic skeletons, force is transmitted not through rigid skeletal elements but instead by internal pressure. Functioning of these systems depends on the fact that they are essentially constant in volume as they consist of rel ...
Chapter 5
Chapter 5

... • Intervertebral foramina – ________________________________ formed from notched areas on the _ ...
breast-sonography-lecture-5-part-2-module-3-anatomy
breast-sonography-lecture-5-part-2-module-3-anatomy

...  Muscle Layers (pectoralis Major m. and Pectoralis minor m.)  Chest wall (ribs and intercostal muscles) ...
Abdomen
Abdomen

...  Intraperitoneal organs are almost completely covered with visceral peritoneum  Extraperitoneal organs are outside the peritoneal cavity and are only partially covered with peritoneum.  Retroperitoneal organs such as the kidneys are between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall ...
An Anatomical Study Of Indrabasti Marma
An Anatomical Study Of Indrabasti Marma

... the blood supply in injuries which involve high amount of damage of soft tissue, bone, vessels and nerves can be indication for amputation. Amputation is more common with the arterial injury at the forearm level in the upper extremity11. Acharya Susruta considers Indrabasti marma as kalantar pranhar ...
unilateral variant branching pattern of brachial plexus and
unilateral variant branching pattern of brachial plexus and

... coracobrachialis and also continued as the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm. Here the branch of the combined cord to coracobrachialis muscle is most probably representing the MCN on the right side. Uglietta (1989) reported variations in the major Fig. 3: Variant branching pattern of the right axil ...
EARTHWORM LAB The earthworm, Limbricus terrestris, is a
EARTHWORM LAB The earthworm, Limbricus terrestris, is a

... NOTE: make sure to keep earthworms moist by giving them frequent baths. If an earthworms skin dries out, it dies. 4.) Notice the numerous segments of the body. The anterior end is more or less round and possesses the mouth. It is usually darker than the posterior end. The anus is located on the la ...
NECK AND MEDIASTINUM
NECK AND MEDIASTINUM

... Left and Right Recurrent Laryngeal N. (branches of CN X): recur in proximity to trachea and thyroid gland; note asymmetry Sympathetic Trunk (“Beads on String”): deep, paravertebral location ...
Chapter 10: Normal Anatomy of the Spine: What You Need to Know
Chapter 10: Normal Anatomy of the Spine: What You Need to Know

... The axis, or second cervical vertebra, forms from four ossification centers: two neural arches, the body, and the odontoid process. The dens, or odontoid process, projects superiorly from the body of the axis and serves as a pivot for the atlas (1). The os terminale is an additional ossification cen ...
Distal semimembranosus muscle-tendon-unit review
Distal semimembranosus muscle-tendon-unit review

... capsule in flexion. Another insertion of the semimembranosus comes off at the articular line and forms a tendon-like structure anterior to the direct insertion. It crosses the articular line and enters a groove below the articular surface parallel to it on the posteromedial aspect. This tendinous in ...
Anatomy and Physiology of the Larynx
Anatomy and Physiology of the Larynx

... over the stiffer structural underlayers (Fig. 1.4). The true vocal fold can be divided into three major layers: the mucosa, the vocal ligament, and the underlying muscle. The mucosa of the vocal fold is highly specialized for its vibratory function; it can also be divided into layers. The most super ...
OriginalArticle
OriginalArticle

... Objective: To propose another two new standard lines for the external base of the skull which pass across almost all significant foramens, for easier observation and to remember the sites of the foramen. Methods: 50 Thai dry skulls 24 males and 26 females were observed from the external base of skul ...
File
File

... Platyhemlnithes Common Characteristics 1. There are over 18,000 known species of flatworms. They are grouped into Phyla Platyhelminthes because they all share the following characteristics: ...
MR: Finger and Thumb Injuries
MR: Finger and Thumb Injuries

... Avulsion • Leddy and Packer classification: – Type II: Small bony fragment avulsedusually trapped proximally at A3 pulleyrepair in first 6 wks possible III- large bony fragment avulsed- usually trapped at A4 pulley- ORIF ...
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Anatomy



Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. In some of its facets, anatomy is related to embryology and comparative anatomy, which itself is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal’s body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the branch of superficial anatomy. Microscopic anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures, known as histology and also in the study of cells.The history of anatomy is characterized by a progressive understanding of the functions of the organs and structures of the human body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from the examination of animals by dissection of carcasses and cadavers (corpses) to 20th century medical imaging techniques including X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging.
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