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Variation of the supernumerary head of the biceps brachii muscle
Variation of the supernumerary head of the biceps brachii muscle

... Supernumerary heads of the biceps brachii muscle have been widely studied regarding their origin, insertion, size, innervation and racial differences. The most frequent variation of the biceps brachii is its supernumerary heads. During our routine dissection studies, we encountered supernumerary hea ...
Early Embryonic Mesoderm Development
Early Embryonic Mesoderm Development

... the mesoderm moves away from the primitive streak and spreads in an anterior direction between the endoderm and epiblast layers as two lateral spreading wings of mesenchymal cells. These wings eventually meet in the anterior part of the embryo, thus forming a continuous sheet of mesoderm between the ...
cross and radiological studies of the salivary gland in cattle
cross and radiological studies of the salivary gland in cattle

... mandibular duct leaves the middle of ventral border by the ventral radical cross the medial to the sublingual salivary gland fig (3,4 ) , The ducts of the mandibular and compact (monostomatic) sublingual glands open on the floor of the oral cavity at the sublingual caruncles fig (6) ,they run below ...
The Complex Foot and Ankle
The Complex Foot and Ankle

... The information being presented is a supplement for use with the CPT4 and ICD-10 coding manuals. The intent of this presentation is to be used as a tool to assist in understanding the complexities of foot and ankle coding. There is no guarantee that the information presented will prevent difference ...
DEEP MUSCLES - INTRODUCTION
DEEP MUSCLES - INTRODUCTION

... done by cutting them at right angles to the direction of the fibers at the central belly area. They are then folded back, or reflected, to their origins and insertions. They can thus easily be "reconstructed" at any time in order to examine the relationship of the deeper muscles to those of the supe ...
METHODS OF EXAMINATION IN GYNECOLOGY
METHODS OF EXAMINATION IN GYNECOLOGY

... perineum and if it is less than 3 cm it is called low perineum. The skin and muscles of this region may tear during delivery and then the structure of pelvic floor becomes abnormal. It is the pubococcygeus, the main part of the levator ani, that is usually torn. Weakening of the levator ani and pelv ...
Chemistry Problem Solving Drill
Chemistry Problem Solving Drill

... division of the muscle that is attached to the upper portion of the eyeball, roughly on the midline of the eye. Which of the following statements about the muscle temporarily divided during the surgery is ...
Part 1 The Thorax - Blackwell Publishing
Part 1 The Thorax - Blackwell Publishing

... 3◊◊the innermost intercostal, which is only incompletely separated from the internal intercostal muscle by the neurovascular bundle. The fibres of this sheet cross more than one intercostal space and it may be incomplete. Anteriorly it has a more distinct portion which is fan-like in shape, termed t ...
Crowther`s Tenth Martini - University of Washington
Crowther`s Tenth Martini - University of Washington

... which structures are associated with which. Physiology is the study of the functions of these structures. Anatomy and physiology – often abbreviated A&P – can be approached separately but usually are presented together because structure and function are so closely interconnected. It is often said th ...
Variations in portal and hepatic vein branching of the liver
Variations in portal and hepatic vein branching of the liver

... that a basic knowledge of Couinaud’s classification is essential. Future advances in technology are expected to enable the superimposition of preoperative 3D images and intraoperative real-time ultrasound images. Looking forward, a secure knowledge of the fundamentals of liver anatomy is necessary f ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... Diego State University and focused on anatomical structures of the right side of the skull. A second dissection session occurred over a two day period during February 2013 and focused on anatomical structures of the basicranium and left side of the skull. During the dissections individual muscles we ...
Anterior Cervical Region - Yeditepe University Dentistry Anatomy
Anterior Cervical Region - Yeditepe University Dentistry Anatomy

... The anterior cervical region (anterior triangle) has the following: An anterior boundary formed by the median line of the neck. A posterior boundary formed by the anterior border of the SCM. A superior boundary formed by the inferior border of the mandible. An apex located at the jugular notch in th ...
A morphological study of the posterior communicating artery
A morphological study of the posterior communicating artery

... to the arachnoid membrane of the oculomotor nerve and that the membrane of the artery was only a continuation of the lateral part of the interpeduncular cistern [14]. In our cases this membrane surrounded the artery, its branches and the oculomotor nerve, the nerve passing through an opening formed ...
Lateral Approach to Attack Superior Thyroid Vascular Pedicle
Lateral Approach to Attack Superior Thyroid Vascular Pedicle

... the taut strap muscles to the midline wound without their division or even excessive retraction. We are not aware of any publications that have described the use of lateral approach to avoid strap muscles cutting when it is necessary to do in certain circumstances during thyroidectomy. Also the late ...
LAB: SQUID DISSECTION BACKGROUND INFO: The squid is one
LAB: SQUID DISSECTION BACKGROUND INFO: The squid is one

... gills. Squid have a large mantle, eight arms with two longer feeding tentacles all with suckers, a beak and mouth, a siphon, a large head (with a brain), two large eyes, and three hearts. The tentacles are long and retractable and have suckers only at the tips. Their large eyes are very similar in s ...
I. Lung and its pleura
I. Lung and its pleura

... I. Lung and its pleura: on each side. II. Mediastinum: In the middle part. - The mediastinum contains the heart, great vessels, and other structures. ...
Cranial Nerves Assessment 2009 Sheeba Jacob R.N., B.S.N., Victoria Kim RN B.S.N.
Cranial Nerves Assessment 2009 Sheeba Jacob R.N., B.S.N., Victoria Kim RN B.S.N.

... is represented as a fraction, with the distance at which you are standing being the numerator (top part of fraction), and the normal maximum legible viewing distance ("Distance" on the chart above) as the denominator (bottom of fraction). So if, at 20 feet, you can read the letters on the row marked ...
THYROID/PARATHYROID - Orange Coast College
THYROID/PARATHYROID - Orange Coast College

... I. Introduction/General Information A. Thyroid 1. Endocrine gland a. Lobes are cone shaped b. Apex extends to oblique line of thyroid cartilage ...
Surgical Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Surgical Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

... of the greater cornu of the hyoid it divides into a large internal branch and a smaller external branch. The internal branch courses between the thyrohyoid muscle and the thyrohyoid membrane, piercing the latter along with the superior laryngeal artery and vein. The internal branch supplies sensatio ...
Anatomical variations in shape of suprascapular notch of scapula
Anatomical variations in shape of suprascapular notch of scapula

... nerve entrapment is more likely to be associated with a narrow V-shaped notch, no direct correlation between notch type and suprascapular nerve entrapment has been shown clinically (ALON, WEISS, FISCHEL et al., 1998). A reduction in the height of the suprascapular foramen may predispose to entrapmen ...
Prevalence of Laryngeal Cartilage Calcifications in Mangalore
Prevalence of Laryngeal Cartilage Calcifications in Mangalore

... Similar studies7,8 done in the past have reported that ossifications are first seen in the thyroid, followed by cricoid and the arytenoids. In both males and females, the ossification began at the age of 18 to 20 years in the posterior part of the thyroid cartilage, same as our study. There is a gen ...
Variant origin of lingual artery from facial artery
Variant origin of lingual artery from facial artery

... We describe a rare variation of lingual artery from facial artery in a male cadaver of about 50 years of Asian origin during routine educational dissection in our department of anatomy. In the cadaver on the right side, the bifurcation of common carotid artery was at a higher level at the level of b ...
anatomy.man.col
anatomy.man.col

... Radiologist has directed a coil through the catheter to occlude vessels that were bleeding. ...
cervical vertebrae
cervical vertebrae

... Floating (vertebral, free) ribs (11th, 12th, and sometimes 10th ribs): The rudimentary cartilages of these ribs do not connect even indirectly with the sternum; instead they end in the posterior ...
Refinement of the Nasal Tip
Refinement of the Nasal Tip

...  Break the integrity and spring of the alar cartilages and cephalic rotation results from the upward scar contracture forces acting on the alar cartilage segments that are more frail and less well supported.  Caution must be exercised when using interrupted strip techniques in patients with thin s ...
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Anatomy



Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. In some of its facets, anatomy is related to embryology and comparative anatomy, which itself is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal’s body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the branch of superficial anatomy. Microscopic anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures, known as histology and also in the study of cells.The history of anatomy is characterized by a progressive understanding of the functions of the organs and structures of the human body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from the examination of animals by dissection of carcasses and cadavers (corpses) to 20th century medical imaging techniques including X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging.
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