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Recombinant Technology

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Library construction - Center for Bioinformatics and

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... First, a restriction enzyme cuts both a bacterial plasmid and the human insulin gene. Then, an enzyme called ligase joins the nitrogen bases of the cut plasmid and human insulin gene together. This recreates a recombinant plasmid. Then this recombinant plasmid can be inserted into a bacterial cell. ...
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...  Plasmids can be easily isolated from bacteria, cut, pasted, manipulated, studied, etc. and then reinserted back into new host bacteria by transformation  Useful plasmids are fully sequenced so all restriction enzyme recognition sites are known  Sites for enzymes which cut only once in the plasmi ...
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Restriction Enzymes

... in bacteria and archaea, are thought to have evolved to provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses ...
< 1 ... 96 97 98 99 100 >

Restriction enzyme

A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as restriction sites. Restriction enzymes are commonly classified into three types, which differ in their structure and whether they cut their DNA substrate at their recognition site, or if the recognition and cleavage sites are separate from one another. To cut DNA, all restriction enzymes make two incisions, once through each sugar-phosphate backbone (i.e. each strand) of the DNA double helix.These enzymes are found in bacteria and archaea and provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses. Inside a prokaryote, the restriction enzymes selectively cut up foreign DNA in a process called restriction; while host DNA is protected by a modification enzyme (a methyltransferase) that modifies the prokaryotic DNA and blocks cleavage. Together, these two processes form the restriction modification system.Over 3000 restriction enzymes have been studied in detail, and more than 600 of these are available commercially. These enzymes are routinely used for DNA modification in laboratories, and are a vital tool in molecular cloning.
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