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Chapter 2
Chapter 2

...  Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds (pp. 26-27, FIGURE 2.2) Elements cannot be broken down to other substances. A compound contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio. Web/CD Activity2A: The Levels of Life Card Game  Life requires about 25 che ...
AP Biology
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...  Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds (pp. 26-27, FIGURE 2.2) Elements cannot be broken down to other substances. A compound contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio. Web/CD Activity2A: The Levels of Life Card Game  Life requires about 25 che ...
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... When the energy of the collision is very small, k → 0 and therefore q → 0. The scattering amplitude f is then independent of the energy of the particle and isotropic. The scattering length is defined in this low energy limit as a = −f . In order to describe the interaction between two particles, it ...
Atomic Structure, the Periodic Table, and Nuclear Radiation
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... • The wave function for hydrogen in the ground state is symmetric – The electron can be found in a spherical region surrounding the nucleus • The result is interpreted by viewing the electron as a cloud surrounding the nucleus – The densest regions of the cloud represent the highest probability for ...
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Isotopic indistinguishibility, scattering processes and the non mass

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Lecture 1
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Physics 107 Exam #3 October 13, 1994 Your name: Multiple Choice
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... part of the electron's wave function is independent of the orbital angle, (c) the Heisenberg uncertainty principle prevents us from specifying the electron's position with arbitrary precision, (d) the probability density * is independent of time and may vary considerably from place to place. 5. Th ...
Collectively Moving Electrons
Collectively Moving Electrons

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Atomic theory



In chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms. It began as a philosophical concept in ancient Greece and entered the scientific mainstream in the early 19th century when discoveries in the field of chemistry showed that matter did indeed behave as if it were made up of atoms.The word atom comes from the Ancient Greek adjective atomos, meaning ""uncuttable"". 19th century chemists began using the term in connection with the growing number of irreducible chemical elements. While seemingly apropos, around the turn of the 20th century, through various experiments with electromagnetism and radioactivity, physicists discovered that the so-called ""uncuttable atom"" was actually a conglomerate of various subatomic particles (chiefly, electrons, protons and neutrons) which can exist separately from each other. In fact, in certain extreme environments, such as neutron stars, extreme temperature and pressure prevents atoms from existing at all. Since atoms were found to be divisible, physicists later invented the term ""elementary particles"" to describe the ""uncuttable"", though not indestructible, parts of an atom. The field of science which studies subatomic particles is particle physics, and it is in this field that physicists hope to discover the true fundamental nature of matter.
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