carthago delenda est: aitia and prophasis
... nat. 2,16) Cato reputedly showed some fresh figs in the senate after his return from Carthage, claiming that these had been picked there three days previously. Although F.J. Meijer published an article on Cato's figs some years ago 35 , in which he came to the conclusion, that the figs must actuall ...
... nat. 2,16) Cato reputedly showed some fresh figs in the senate after his return from Carthage, claiming that these had been picked there three days previously. Although F.J. Meijer published an article on Cato's figs some years ago 35 , in which he came to the conclusion, that the figs must actuall ...
104493 - Radboud Repository
... Romanum, which had been destroyed by fire in AD 283, and seems to have remained destroyed till the tetrarchs restored it. Yet in that restoration, changes were made in the orientation of the Forum, linking it closely to the Imperial Fora18. One could argue that in that way the tetrarchs once more ma ...
... Romanum, which had been destroyed by fire in AD 283, and seems to have remained destroyed till the tetrarchs restored it. Yet in that restoration, changes were made in the orientation of the Forum, linking it closely to the Imperial Fora18. One could argue that in that way the tetrarchs once more ma ...
05-06 S Trajan`s Forum EDIT*
... Trajan was the second of the five great emperors of the Roman Empire. Reigning as emperor from 98-117 AD, Trajan was highly known for his admirable military leadership in his efforts to expand the empire through most parts of Eastern Europe. He devoted much of his energy to aggressive wars that exte ...
... Trajan was the second of the five great emperors of the Roman Empire. Reigning as emperor from 98-117 AD, Trajan was highly known for his admirable military leadership in his efforts to expand the empire through most parts of Eastern Europe. He devoted much of his energy to aggressive wars that exte ...
A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON THE EARLY ROMAN DICTATORSHIP
... dictatorship, there are references that imply that ancient commentators noticed inconsistencies. This is most evident on the subject of consular versus dictatorial imperium. Polybius describes the dictator as an αὐτοκράτωρ and claims that dictatorial imperium was unrestricted (3.87.7-9). His portra ...
... dictatorship, there are references that imply that ancient commentators noticed inconsistencies. This is most evident on the subject of consular versus dictatorial imperium. Polybius describes the dictator as an αὐτοκράτωρ and claims that dictatorial imperium was unrestricted (3.87.7-9). His portra ...
Caesar`s Rule and Caesar`s Death : Who Lost? Who Gained?
... proscriptions, and another civil war. These horrors were followed by a decade of political and social turbulence. Within less than two decades of Julius Caesar’s murder these effects would combine to emasculate all surviving forms of Republican government, which became subservient to one man who rea ...
... proscriptions, and another civil war. These horrors were followed by a decade of political and social turbulence. Within less than two decades of Julius Caesar’s murder these effects would combine to emasculate all surviving forms of Republican government, which became subservient to one man who rea ...
popular political participation in the late roman
... factors such as failure to conduct a census and so enrol new citizens following the Social War, mobilisation of voters and distance from Rome affected the likelihood of participation. ...
... factors such as failure to conduct a census and so enrol new citizens following the Social War, mobilisation of voters and distance from Rome affected the likelihood of participation. ...
Quintus Sertorius and the Rebellion in Spain
... low morale, especially in their time away from families, yet his army seemed intact except for one disgruntled lieutenant and a few Roman legionaries. Marcus Perperna Vento assassinated Sertorius, after getting him and his bodyguard drunk at a feast, in order to try and gain position with Pompey.23 ...
... low morale, especially in their time away from families, yet his army seemed intact except for one disgruntled lieutenant and a few Roman legionaries. Marcus Perperna Vento assassinated Sertorius, after getting him and his bodyguard drunk at a feast, in order to try and gain position with Pompey.23 ...
THE ROMAN ARMY`S EMERGENCE FROM ITS ITALIAN ORIGINS
... use of allied manpower within the larger military environment of Italy. In fact, the Romans were not unique in their use of allies; it was a common feature of Italian warfare. This simple conclusion has a significant impact on the interpretation of Roman warfare, its development, and the impact of c ...
... use of allied manpower within the larger military environment of Italy. In fact, the Romans were not unique in their use of allies; it was a common feature of Italian warfare. This simple conclusion has a significant impact on the interpretation of Roman warfare, its development, and the impact of c ...
Max Pfingsten – The Aeneid
... enemy, Hector, the Aeneid ends with the death of the enemy, Turnus. Lesson Summary Though Virgil ended the Aeneid rather lamely, he had achieved the goals set before him by his patron, Augustus. Virgil had created an epic for the Roman people, a story so like the Iliad and Odyssey that entire sectio ...
... enemy, Hector, the Aeneid ends with the death of the enemy, Turnus. Lesson Summary Though Virgil ended the Aeneid rather lamely, he had achieved the goals set before him by his patron, Augustus. Virgil had created an epic for the Roman people, a story so like the Iliad and Odyssey that entire sectio ...
Although Horace`s and Juvenal`s satires differed
... In Horatian satire, the literary elements used are mainly incorporated for the purpose of comic relief. One of these elements is self-deprecation. Horace’s satire portrayed the main character, also named Horace, as a slightly despicable person. Despite the fact that the piece was set during Saturnal ...
... In Horatian satire, the literary elements used are mainly incorporated for the purpose of comic relief. One of these elements is self-deprecation. Horace’s satire portrayed the main character, also named Horace, as a slightly despicable person. Despite the fact that the piece was set during Saturnal ...
full text - Classical Association of South Africa
... the Blatter-of-fact suggestion that Roman women of the elite did participate in business, did extend patronage and oversee their own properties, but ...
... the Blatter-of-fact suggestion that Roman women of the elite did participate in business, did extend patronage and oversee their own properties, but ...
Tracing the Antinous Cult - UvA-DARE
... The face of Antinous is still as recognizable today as it was in the second century CE, when his fame was spread throughout the Roman Empire. The eromenos of the emperor Hadrian, who died in the Nile in 130 CE, became a deity, an event of epic proportions unprecedented in Roman history for persons o ...
... The face of Antinous is still as recognizable today as it was in the second century CE, when his fame was spread throughout the Roman Empire. The eromenos of the emperor Hadrian, who died in the Nile in 130 CE, became a deity, an event of epic proportions unprecedented in Roman history for persons o ...
Catalogue PDF (ca 35MB) - Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
... Michel-Max Bendenoun’s entrepreneurial spirit was obvious at an early age. But his horizon was dominated by economics, history, and art, so he soon became a financial adviser to a major private bank. Thanks to his commercial skills, he was soon promoted to manager of the entire eastern region of Fra ...
... Michel-Max Bendenoun’s entrepreneurial spirit was obvious at an early age. But his horizon was dominated by economics, history, and art, so he soon became a financial adviser to a major private bank. Thanks to his commercial skills, he was soon promoted to manager of the entire eastern region of Fra ...
Introduction 1 I. Introduction: The Problem of Civil Strife It is easy to
... In De Republica II.23-24, Cicero describes how, in the period of the monarchy, when a king had died, the patres would rotate power among the members of the senate, never letting one senator have the imperium for too long, until a new king emerged. This self-policing was meant to enforce the importan ...
... In De Republica II.23-24, Cicero describes how, in the period of the monarchy, when a king had died, the patres would rotate power among the members of the senate, never letting one senator have the imperium for too long, until a new king emerged. This self-policing was meant to enforce the importan ...
A History of Roman Literature
... The present work is designed mainly for Students at our Universities and Public Schools, and for such as are preparing for the Indian Civil Service or other advanced Examinations. The author hopes, however, that it may also be acceptable to some of those who, without being professed scholars, are ye ...
... The present work is designed mainly for Students at our Universities and Public Schools, and for such as are preparing for the Indian Civil Service or other advanced Examinations. The author hopes, however, that it may also be acceptable to some of those who, without being professed scholars, are ye ...
Roman economy
The history of the Roman economy covers the period of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. Recent research has led to a positive reevaluation of the size and sophistication of the Roman economy.Moses Finley was the chief proponent of the primitivist view that the Roman economy was ""underdeveloped and underachieving,"" characterized by subsistence agriculture; urban centres that consumed more than they produced in terms of trade and industry; low-status artisans; slowly developing technology; and a ""lack of economic rationality."" Current views are more complex. Territorial conquests permitted a large-scale reorganization of land use that resulted in agricultural surplus and specialization, particularly in north Africa. Some cities were known for particular industries or commercial activities, and the scale of building in urban areas indicates a significant construction industry. Papyri preserve complex accounting methods that suggest elements of economic rationalism, and the Empire was highly monetized. Although the means of communication and transport were limited in antiquity, transportation in the 1st and 2nd centuries expanded greatly, and trade routes connected regional economies. The supply contracts for the army, which pervaded every part of the Empire, drew on local suppliers near the base (castrum), throughout the province, and across provincial borders. The Empire is perhaps best thought of as a network of regional economies, based on a form of ""political capitalism"" in which the state monitored and regulated commerce to assure its own revenues. Economic growth, though not comparable to modern economies, was greater than that of most other societies prior to industrialization.Socially, economic dynamism opened up one of the avenues of social mobility in the Roman Empire. Social advancement was thus not dependent solely on birth, patronage, good luck, or even extraordinary ability. Although aristocratic values permeated traditional elite society, a strong tendency toward plutocracy is indicated by the wealth requirements for census rank. Prestige could be obtained through investing one's wealth in ways that advertised it appropriately: grand country estates or townhouses, durable luxury items such as jewels and silverware, public entertainments, funerary monuments for family members or coworkers, and religious dedications such as altars. Guilds (collegia) and corporations (corpora) provided support for individuals to succeed through networking, sharing sound business practices, and a willingness to work.