"Using the KEGG Database Resource". In: Current Protocols in
... The Pathway maps illustrate possible reaction paths and interaction networks retrieved from experimental data in the literature over all organisms. However, gene functions discovered by wet-lab experiments are organism-specific, and genes whose function has been proven experimentally in the strict s ...
... The Pathway maps illustrate possible reaction paths and interaction networks retrieved from experimental data in the literature over all organisms. However, gene functions discovered by wet-lab experiments are organism-specific, and genes whose function has been proven experimentally in the strict s ...
Shelef, Katie: A Critical Analysis of Degenerate Primer Design Programs
... minimization of hybridization effects between a primer and itself [6]. The distance between the two ...
... minimization of hybridization effects between a primer and itself [6]. The distance between the two ...
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... bp (FERRO_contig000001). The gaps between these contigs are thought to contain ribosomal RNA gene clusters since both ends of FERRO_contig000001 and one end of each of the other two contigs contain ribosomal RNA genes. The therefore nearly complete genome sequence of “Ferrovum” strain JA12 consists ...
... bp (FERRO_contig000001). The gaps between these contigs are thought to contain ribosomal RNA gene clusters since both ends of FERRO_contig000001 and one end of each of the other two contigs contain ribosomal RNA genes. The therefore nearly complete genome sequence of “Ferrovum” strain JA12 consists ...
Hemoglobin A2: origin, evolution, and aftermath
... of maturity. These experiments showed that there was a progressive decrease in &-globin synthesis in relation to P-globin in increasingly mature cells. A relative instability of 8-globin mRNA was proposed as a mechanism for the premature decrease in &globin synthesis? Using highly selective probes f ...
... of maturity. These experiments showed that there was a progressive decrease in &-globin synthesis in relation to P-globin in increasingly mature cells. A relative instability of 8-globin mRNA was proposed as a mechanism for the premature decrease in &globin synthesis? Using highly selective probes f ...
The Interplay of Temperature and Genotype on Patterns
... Temperature is one of the key environmental parameters, in particular for ectotherms such as Drosophila. A broad range of morphological, behavioral, and physiological responses to temperature has been described, but few studies attempted to compare the patterns of gene expression plasticity across t ...
... Temperature is one of the key environmental parameters, in particular for ectotherms such as Drosophila. A broad range of morphological, behavioral, and physiological responses to temperature has been described, but few studies attempted to compare the patterns of gene expression plasticity across t ...
Genomic organisation of the Mal d 1 gene cluster on linkage group
... complex allergen gene family. Not all Mal d 1 members are likely to be involved in allergenicity. Therefore, additional knowledge about the existence and characteristics of the different Mal d 1 genes is required. In the present study, we investigated the genomic organisation of the Mal d 1 gene clu ...
... complex allergen gene family. Not all Mal d 1 members are likely to be involved in allergenicity. Therefore, additional knowledge about the existence and characteristics of the different Mal d 1 genes is required. In the present study, we investigated the genomic organisation of the Mal d 1 gene clu ...
Centromere Locations and Associated Chromosome
... CEN5 is more complex. The formation of chromosome V of A. thaliana involved a reciprocal translocation (see above and Figure 1), and an understanding of this event is critical for interpreting the origin of CEN5. Previous comparative molecular cytogenetic analyses of A. thaliana and A. lyrata could ...
... CEN5 is more complex. The formation of chromosome V of A. thaliana involved a reciprocal translocation (see above and Figure 1), and an understanding of this event is critical for interpreting the origin of CEN5. Previous comparative molecular cytogenetic analyses of A. thaliana and A. lyrata could ...
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... Some studies have reported evidence for higher recombination rates in genes with worker-biased expression [4,39]. However, the cause of these associations is unclear and several questions remain. In particular, it is not known whether worker-biased genes are preferentially located in regions of high ...
... Some studies have reported evidence for higher recombination rates in genes with worker-biased expression [4,39]. However, the cause of these associations is unclear and several questions remain. In particular, it is not known whether worker-biased genes are preferentially located in regions of high ...
Localization and structural analysis of the ribosomal RNA operons of
... of the R. sphaeroides genome was complex, comprised of a large (containing one rm operon) and small (with two rm operons) chromosome as well as several endogenous plasmids (9). Thus, sequence analysis of these rm operons could shed light on the origin of these two chromosomes, as well as providing i ...
... of the R. sphaeroides genome was complex, comprised of a large (containing one rm operon) and small (with two rm operons) chromosome as well as several endogenous plasmids (9). Thus, sequence analysis of these rm operons could shed light on the origin of these two chromosomes, as well as providing i ...
Hox, ParaHox, ProtoHox: facts and guesses
... The Hox cluster was believed to originate by tandem duplication from an ancestral ‘central’ Hox gene until 1998, with the discovery of the ParaHox cluster (Brooke et al, 1998), an evolutionary sister complex of the Hox cluster. This finding indicated that a hypothetical ProtoHox cluster of four gene ...
... The Hox cluster was believed to originate by tandem duplication from an ancestral ‘central’ Hox gene until 1998, with the discovery of the ParaHox cluster (Brooke et al, 1998), an evolutionary sister complex of the Hox cluster. This finding indicated that a hypothetical ProtoHox cluster of four gene ...
Absence of translationally selected synonymous codon usage
... genes occur in the 40 kb cag pathogenicity island, which has a different GC content compared to the remainder of the chromosome and is most likely the result of horizontal transfer (Covacci et al., 1997) ; these genes were analysed separately. Thirteen genes occur in insertion element sequences and ...
... genes occur in the 40 kb cag pathogenicity island, which has a different GC content compared to the remainder of the chromosome and is most likely the result of horizontal transfer (Covacci et al., 1997) ; these genes were analysed separately. Thirteen genes occur in insertion element sequences and ...
New and Redesigned pRS Plasmid Shuttle Vectors for Genetic
... on the plasmid pUC19 (Gietz and Sugino 1988), whereas the pRS series uses a hybrid backbone built using either the pBluescript or pBluescriptII polylinker/multiple cloning site (MCS) ligated to the pBluescribe replication origin (Christianson et al. 1992; Sikorski and Hieter 1989). Compared with ol ...
... on the plasmid pUC19 (Gietz and Sugino 1988), whereas the pRS series uses a hybrid backbone built using either the pBluescript or pBluescriptII polylinker/multiple cloning site (MCS) ligated to the pBluescribe replication origin (Christianson et al. 1992; Sikorski and Hieter 1989). Compared with ol ...
ABSTRACT Using a bioinformatics approach to identify genes that
... protein expression in the retina and to research any diseases the gene is associated with, through MalaCards. Pathway Commons is used to gain more insight into the pathways in which the genes are involved. The result is two annotated lists of ranked genes, one related to non-RP eye phenotypes and o ...
... protein expression in the retina and to research any diseases the gene is associated with, through MalaCards. Pathway Commons is used to gain more insight into the pathways in which the genes are involved. The result is two annotated lists of ranked genes, one related to non-RP eye phenotypes and o ...
AT3 (Acyltransferase) Gene Isolated from Capsicum frutescens cv
... Chili pepper is widely used and cultivated by Indonesian people. There are three species of chili pepper, i.e. Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum violaceum. C. frutescens has a higher economic value due to its pungency and carotenoid content. C. frutescens has several cultivars, one ...
... Chili pepper is widely used and cultivated by Indonesian people. There are three species of chili pepper, i.e. Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum violaceum. C. frutescens has a higher economic value due to its pungency and carotenoid content. C. frutescens has several cultivars, one ...
Universal chloroplast integration and expression vectors
... The invention provides universal chloroplast integration and expression vectors which are competent to stably transform and integrate genes of interest into chloroplast genome of multiple species of plants. Transformed plants and their progeny are provided. Monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants ...
... The invention provides universal chloroplast integration and expression vectors which are competent to stably transform and integrate genes of interest into chloroplast genome of multiple species of plants. Transformed plants and their progeny are provided. Monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants ...
Transcriptome analysis of the two unrelated fungal
... and production strains were only performed for P. chrysogenum [9, 10]. This work detected mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which let the authors conclude that expressional changes are largely responsible for observed enhanced penicillin titers. In line of this conclusion, transcription ...
... and production strains were only performed for P. chrysogenum [9, 10]. This work detected mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which let the authors conclude that expressional changes are largely responsible for observed enhanced penicillin titers. In line of this conclusion, transcription ...
Coordination of the maize transcriptome by a conserved circadian
... that described for Arabidopsis circadian expression datasets [26]. COSOPT identified almost twice as many unique rhythmic transcripts as found by HAYSTACK. This outcome was unexpected, since HAYSTACK has the potential to match a larger diversity of waveforms [35] and HAYSTACK has been shown to ident ...
... that described for Arabidopsis circadian expression datasets [26]. COSOPT identified almost twice as many unique rhythmic transcripts as found by HAYSTACK. This outcome was unexpected, since HAYSTACK has the potential to match a larger diversity of waveforms [35] and HAYSTACK has been shown to ident ...
Genome-wide analysis of the distribution of AP2/ERF transcription
... cabbage genome sequence and more than fifty thousand proteins have been obtained to date. However a high degree of sequence similarity and conserved genome structure remain between cabbage and Arabidopsis; therefore, Arabidopsis is a viable reference species for comparative genomics studies. Transcr ...
... cabbage genome sequence and more than fifty thousand proteins have been obtained to date. However a high degree of sequence similarity and conserved genome structure remain between cabbage and Arabidopsis; therefore, Arabidopsis is a viable reference species for comparative genomics studies. Transcr ...
Phylogenetic analysis of members of the genus Rickettsia using the
... and ompA. Based on phylogenetic data, the current classification of the genus Rickettsia is inappropriate, specifically its division into two groups, typhus and spotted fever. Integration of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data will contribute to the definition of a polyphasic taxonomy as has ...
... and ompA. Based on phylogenetic data, the current classification of the genus Rickettsia is inappropriate, specifically its division into two groups, typhus and spotted fever. Integration of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data will contribute to the definition of a polyphasic taxonomy as has ...
Gene Ontology (GO) Tutorial
... Occasionally, one will come across gene products that have been annotated to Process, Function, and/or Component Unknown. These three terms are used when a curator has looked over the available literature and has found that none of it is adequate to assign a term. A good example is Dab2ip. As shown ...
... Occasionally, one will come across gene products that have been annotated to Process, Function, and/or Component Unknown. These three terms are used when a curator has looked over the available literature and has found that none of it is adequate to assign a term. A good example is Dab2ip. As shown ...
Analysis of clones carrying repeated DNA sequences in two YAC
... coordinates of the YAC clones which hybridized to chloroplast DNA with the coordinates of clones which had been mapped previously on to chromosome 4 and the top half of chromosome 5 using RFLP markers as probes (Hwang eta/., 1991; Schmidt etal., unpublished results). One-hundred-and-ninety-five clon ...
... coordinates of the YAC clones which hybridized to chloroplast DNA with the coordinates of clones which had been mapped previously on to chromosome 4 and the top half of chromosome 5 using RFLP markers as probes (Hwang eta/., 1991; Schmidt etal., unpublished results). One-hundred-and-ninety-five clon ...
Identification of a Vinyl Reductase Gene for
... genes have been identified in higher plants. However, only the gene for 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase (DVR), which is indispensable for monovinyl chlorophyll synthesis, has not been identified yet. In this study, we isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant that accumulated divin ...
... genes have been identified in higher plants. However, only the gene for 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl reductase (DVR), which is indispensable for monovinyl chlorophyll synthesis, has not been identified yet. In this study, we isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant that accumulated divin ...
Robust gene silencing mediated by antisense small RNAs in the
... trigger-gene fusion and is maintained despite loss of the trigger plasmid. We used this approach to silence multiple amebic genes, including an E. histolytica Myb gene, which is upregulated during oxidative stress response. Silencing of the EhMyb gene decreased parasite viability under oxidative str ...
... trigger-gene fusion and is maintained despite loss of the trigger plasmid. We used this approach to silence multiple amebic genes, including an E. histolytica Myb gene, which is upregulated during oxidative stress response. Silencing of the EhMyb gene decreased parasite viability under oxidative str ...
Complete comparative genomic analysis of two field isolates of
... Analysis of all variations showed that 398 point mutations, six insertions totalling 30 bp and 20 deletions totalling 1326 bp occur in predicted ORFs; 65 point mutations, three insertions (13 bp) and five deletions (102 bp) occur in intergenic regions; and 58 point mutations, two insertions (79 bp) ...
... Analysis of all variations showed that 398 point mutations, six insertions totalling 30 bp and 20 deletions totalling 1326 bp occur in predicted ORFs; 65 point mutations, three insertions (13 bp) and five deletions (102 bp) occur in intergenic regions; and 58 point mutations, two insertions (79 bp) ...
Regulation of nitrogen metabolism in gram
... TnrA/GlnR site upstream of orthologous genes in at least two genomes. Another 11 operons lacked the conserved TnrA-binding site, but their products were involved in nitrogen assimilation (Fig. 3). In all genomes analyzed, the conserved TnrAbinding site was observed upstream of the nrgAB operon. In B ...
... TnrA/GlnR site upstream of orthologous genes in at least two genomes. Another 11 operons lacked the conserved TnrA-binding site, but their products were involved in nitrogen assimilation (Fig. 3). In all genomes analyzed, the conserved TnrAbinding site was observed upstream of the nrgAB operon. In B ...
Transposable element
A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within the genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genome size. Transposition often results in duplication of the TE. Barbara McClintock's discovery of these jumping genes earned her a Nobel prize in 1983.TEs make up a large fraction of the C-value of eukaryotic cells. There are at least two classes of TEs: class I TEs generally function via reverse transcription, while class II TEs encode the protein transposase, which they require for insertion and excision, and some of these TEs also encode other proteins. It has been shown that TEs are important in genome function and evolution. In Oxytricha, which has a unique genetic system, they play a critical role in development. They are also very useful to researchers as a means to alter DNA inside a living organism.