Antisense Transcript and RNA Processing
... emanating from the selectable marker cassette in pA, spa1, and spa6-8, corresponding to those strains in which the cassette had not been disrupted (see below). The atpB-containing transcripts in spa2 and spa6 also hybridized with aadA, confirming their cotranscription. In spa3-5, however, the atpB t ...
... emanating from the selectable marker cassette in pA, spa1, and spa6-8, corresponding to those strains in which the cassette had not been disrupted (see below). The atpB-containing transcripts in spa2 and spa6 also hybridized with aadA, confirming their cotranscription. In spa3-5, however, the atpB t ...
Defensive microbial symbionts in Hymenoptera Martin Kaltenpoth
... Alternatively, symbionts can modulate the host’s immune system in a way that enhances the efficiency of protection against pathogens. The immune system is generally stimulated by contact with low levels of pathogenic bacteria (Evans & Lopez 2004) or fungi (Konrad et al. 2012). Previously pathogen-ex ...
... Alternatively, symbionts can modulate the host’s immune system in a way that enhances the efficiency of protection against pathogens. The immune system is generally stimulated by contact with low levels of pathogenic bacteria (Evans & Lopez 2004) or fungi (Konrad et al. 2012). Previously pathogen-ex ...
Evidence for Variable Selective Pressures at a
... depths of the tree. Therefore, major differences in variation could be the result of different evolutionary constraints. We used a mutation rate of 1 mutational event in every 5,138 years in the entire coding region to date clades within the tree (Mishmar et al. 2003). We estimated the ages of contr ...
... depths of the tree. Therefore, major differences in variation could be the result of different evolutionary constraints. We used a mutation rate of 1 mutational event in every 5,138 years in the entire coding region to date clades within the tree (Mishmar et al. 2003). We estimated the ages of contr ...
Identification and characterization of putative conserved IAM
... converts IAM to IAA, has been initially cloned and characterized in A. thaliana (Pollmann et al., 2003), and Nicotiana tabacum (Nemoto et al., 2009). IAM-hydrolyzing activity was also observed in wild and cultivated rice as well as cell-free extracts from various tissues of trifoliata orange (Poncir ...
... converts IAM to IAA, has been initially cloned and characterized in A. thaliana (Pollmann et al., 2003), and Nicotiana tabacum (Nemoto et al., 2009). IAM-hydrolyzing activity was also observed in wild and cultivated rice as well as cell-free extracts from various tissues of trifoliata orange (Poncir ...
Week 2. DNA isolation and PCR
... present only one strand of DNA sequence when a gene sequence is given. The other common error that students make is forgetting to include the PCR primers in the length of the PCR product. To correct this misconception I often replay the PCR video and specifically point out that the primer is part of ...
... present only one strand of DNA sequence when a gene sequence is given. The other common error that students make is forgetting to include the PCR primers in the length of the PCR product. To correct this misconception I often replay the PCR video and specifically point out that the primer is part of ...
Gene families and evolution of trehalose
... restore trehalose synthesis and growth of the mutant on glucose, but also that they encode active TPS enzymes (Blázquez et al. 1998; Zentella et al. 1999; van Dijck et al. 2002). In contrast, AtTPS7 or AtTPS8 were unable to complement the yeast tps1∆ mutant (Vogel et al. 2001), and AtTPS5 shows no ...
... restore trehalose synthesis and growth of the mutant on glucose, but also that they encode active TPS enzymes (Blázquez et al. 1998; Zentella et al. 1999; van Dijck et al. 2002). In contrast, AtTPS7 or AtTPS8 were unable to complement the yeast tps1∆ mutant (Vogel et al. 2001), and AtTPS5 shows no ...
Genome Evolution and Developmental Constraint in Caenorhabditis
... because of developmental constraint. To test this hypothesis, a genomewide examination of molecular evolution through ontogeny was carried out using comparative genomic data in Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae. We found that the mean rate of amino acid replacement is not significan ...
... because of developmental constraint. To test this hypothesis, a genomewide examination of molecular evolution through ontogeny was carried out using comparative genomic data in Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae. We found that the mean rate of amino acid replacement is not significan ...
Cluster Analysis in DNA Microarray Experiments
... • Clustering strengthens the signal when averages are taken within clusters of genes (Eisen et al., 1998). • Clustering can be helpful for identifying gene expression patterns in time or space. • Clustering is useful, perhaps essential, when seeking new subclasses of cell samples (tumors, etc). • Cl ...
... • Clustering strengthens the signal when averages are taken within clusters of genes (Eisen et al., 1998). • Clustering can be helpful for identifying gene expression patterns in time or space. • Clustering is useful, perhaps essential, when seeking new subclasses of cell samples (tumors, etc). • Cl ...
intestinal colonization, microbiota, and probiotics
... influenzae, was sequenced.32 Since then, more than 200 bacterial genomes, mainly pathogenic microorganisms, have been sequenced. The first genome of a lactic acid bacterium was completed in 1999.33 Recently, the genomes of many other lactic acid bacteria,34 bifidobacteria,17 and other intestinal mic ...
... influenzae, was sequenced.32 Since then, more than 200 bacterial genomes, mainly pathogenic microorganisms, have been sequenced. The first genome of a lactic acid bacterium was completed in 1999.33 Recently, the genomes of many other lactic acid bacteria,34 bifidobacteria,17 and other intestinal mic ...
Wolbachia: Evolutionary novelty in a rickettsial bacteria | SpringerLink
... representative GroEL amino acid sequences from the three rickettsial genera, and constructed an unrooted tree (Figure 2). This tree is congruent with the tree derived from 16S rDNA sequences. Our analyses confirm monophyly for Wolbachia taxa, including representatives of Wolbachia strains infecting ...
... representative GroEL amino acid sequences from the three rickettsial genera, and constructed an unrooted tree (Figure 2). This tree is congruent with the tree derived from 16S rDNA sequences. Our analyses confirm monophyly for Wolbachia taxa, including representatives of Wolbachia strains infecting ...
Annotation Instruction Sheet A. Information for Beginning Annotators
... In practice creating a gene model is simply designating a series of base coordinates that describe the structure of the gene (i.e. the exact base where each exon begins and ends). In species where evidence of expression (EST or cDNA sequences) is available one may be able to identify the coordinates ...
... In practice creating a gene model is simply designating a series of base coordinates that describe the structure of the gene (i.e. the exact base where each exon begins and ends). In species where evidence of expression (EST or cDNA sequences) is available one may be able to identify the coordinates ...
BMC Genomics 10
... SNP-containing sequences representing these genes were confirmed by Blast analysis against the newly assembled BAC porcine sequence (Additional file 1). A total of 456 gene-associated and six porcine EST-based SNPs identified from resequenced exons were mapped to the 18 porcine autosomes. The main ...
... SNP-containing sequences representing these genes were confirmed by Blast analysis against the newly assembled BAC porcine sequence (Additional file 1). A total of 456 gene-associated and six porcine EST-based SNPs identified from resequenced exons were mapped to the 18 porcine autosomes. The main ...
Comparative Genetics of Nucleotide Binding Site
... is consistent with previous results that were carried out on a smaller sequence set that contained a mixture of cereal and dicotyledon species (Pan et al. 2000). The internal stability of the two major branches is strongly supported by the bootstrapping experiment (500/500 for major group divisions) ...
... is consistent with previous results that were carried out on a smaller sequence set that contained a mixture of cereal and dicotyledon species (Pan et al. 2000). The internal stability of the two major branches is strongly supported by the bootstrapping experiment (500/500 for major group divisions) ...
Table S1.
... Only genes are taken into account that overlap by at least one base pair with window. Attributes are then calculated at exon level for each exon that fulfils the patch overlap definition (overlap >25% of exon length or >10% of window size): _elen = total length of exonic DNA with window, standardize ...
... Only genes are taken into account that overlap by at least one base pair with window. Attributes are then calculated at exon level for each exon that fulfils the patch overlap definition (overlap >25% of exon length or >10% of window size): _elen = total length of exonic DNA with window, standardize ...
Author`s personal copy
... highly efficient gene knockout systems are becoming important and urgent for more haloarchaeal species, such as Hfx. mediterranei and Har. hispanica. In this study, we report the development of the knockout systems for target gene in-frame deletion in Hfx. mediterranei and Har. hispanica, respective ...
... highly efficient gene knockout systems are becoming important and urgent for more haloarchaeal species, such as Hfx. mediterranei and Har. hispanica. In this study, we report the development of the knockout systems for target gene in-frame deletion in Hfx. mediterranei and Har. hispanica, respective ...
Cluster Analysis in DNA Microarray Experiments
... • Clustering strengthens the signal when averages are taken within clusters of genes (Eisen et al., 1998). • Clustering can be helpful for identifying gene expression patterns in time or space. • Clustering is useful, perhaps essential, when seeking new subclasses of cell samples (tumors, etc). • Cl ...
... • Clustering strengthens the signal when averages are taken within clusters of genes (Eisen et al., 1998). • Clustering can be helpful for identifying gene expression patterns in time or space. • Clustering is useful, perhaps essential, when seeking new subclasses of cell samples (tumors, etc). • Cl ...
Chapter 12 Recombinant DNA Technology Key Concepts
... DNA sequence followed by the reintroduction of the gene into the genome. Furthermore, a gene can be moved from one organism to another. An organism containing a foreign gene is called transgenic. Transgenic organisms can be used either for basic research or for specialized commercial applications. O ...
... DNA sequence followed by the reintroduction of the gene into the genome. Furthermore, a gene can be moved from one organism to another. An organism containing a foreign gene is called transgenic. Transgenic organisms can be used either for basic research or for specialized commercial applications. O ...
Metallophiles and Acidophiles in Metal-Rich Environments
... A first indication of a selective pressure linked to the presence of bioavailable concentrations of heavy metals may arise when the viable counts of heterotrophic bacteria on selective media (with metals) are similar to those observed in the absence of selection. Further evidence that bacteria carry ...
... A first indication of a selective pressure linked to the presence of bioavailable concentrations of heavy metals may arise when the viable counts of heterotrophic bacteria on selective media (with metals) are similar to those observed in the absence of selection. Further evidence that bacteria carry ...
European workshop on Phenotype MicroArrays
... University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. Experimental technologies such as Phenotype Micro-arrays have provided unprecedented physiological data under different growth environments and genetic backgrounds. Similar advances in computational modeling techniques have allo ...
... University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada. Experimental technologies such as Phenotype Micro-arrays have provided unprecedented physiological data under different growth environments and genetic backgrounds. Similar advances in computational modeling techniques have allo ...
Nematode genome evolution
... enabled nematodes to invade many different habitats. Analyses of the C. elegans and C. briggsae genomes suggest that these include major changes in gene content; as well as in chromosome number, structure and size. Here I discuss how the data set of ten genomes will be ideal for tackling questions a ...
... enabled nematodes to invade many different habitats. Analyses of the C. elegans and C. briggsae genomes suggest that these include major changes in gene content; as well as in chromosome number, structure and size. Here I discuss how the data set of ten genomes will be ideal for tackling questions a ...
clinchem.org - Clinical Chemistry
... Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), one of the most common lethal genetic disorders in children, affects 1 in 3500 newborn males (8 ) and is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, resulting from variations in the DMD gene on Xp21.1. The DMD gene, consisting of 79 exons and spanning a region of 2 ...
... Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), one of the most common lethal genetic disorders in children, affects 1 in 3500 newborn males (8 ) and is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern, resulting from variations in the DMD gene on Xp21.1. The DMD gene, consisting of 79 exons and spanning a region of 2 ...
evolution and mechanism of translation in chloroplasts
... Chloroplasts are plant organelles that contain the entire machinery for the process of photosynthesis. In addition, chloroplasts possess their own genome, multiple copies of circular double-stranded DNA molecules, typically 150 kb in size, with over 100 different genes. According to the endosymbioti ...
... Chloroplasts are plant organelles that contain the entire machinery for the process of photosynthesis. In addition, chloroplasts possess their own genome, multiple copies of circular double-stranded DNA molecules, typically 150 kb in size, with over 100 different genes. According to the endosymbioti ...
Host Cell Contact-Induced Transcription of the Type IV Fimbria Gene
... (TSB-NAD) at 37°C with shaking at 120 rpm. After overnight growth, the culture was diluted 10-fold in TSB-NAD and incubated for 90 min at 37°C with shaking. Then, the bacteria were collected by centrifugation (5,500 ⫻ g, 10 min, 4°C), washed with 25 ml of chilled 274 mM sucrose–15% glycerol, and res ...
... (TSB-NAD) at 37°C with shaking at 120 rpm. After overnight growth, the culture was diluted 10-fold in TSB-NAD and incubated for 90 min at 37°C with shaking. Then, the bacteria were collected by centrifugation (5,500 ⫻ g, 10 min, 4°C), washed with 25 ml of chilled 274 mM sucrose–15% glycerol, and res ...
Metagenomics
Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. The broad field may also be referred to as environmental genomics, ecogenomics or community genomics. While traditional microbiology and microbial genome sequencing and genomics rely upon cultivated clonal cultures, early environmental gene sequencing cloned specific genes (often the 16S rRNA gene) to produce a profile of diversity in a natural sample. Such work revealed that the vast majority of microbial biodiversity had been missed by cultivation-based methods. Recent studies use either ""shotgun"" or PCR directed sequencing to get largely unbiased samples of all genes from all the members of the sampled communities. Because of its ability to reveal the previously hidden diversity of microscopic life, metagenomics offers a powerful lens for viewing the microbial world that has the potential to revolutionize understanding of the entire living world. As the price of DNA sequencing continues to fall, metagenomics now allows microbial ecology to be investigated at a much greater scale and detail than before.