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and the DNA
and the DNA

... • Our genome is smaller than we thought; only about 30,000 -40,000 genes • The same gene can encode different versions of a protein. An organism’s complete set of proteins is called its proteome. • Transposons, pieces of DNA that move from one chromosome location to another make up half of our genom ...
Genes without frontiers?
Genes without frontiers?

... evolution (Maynard Smith et al, 1991; Campbell, 2000; Ochman et al, 2000; Gogarten et al, 2002). This evolution need not be slow. The intense selection pressure imposed on microbial communities by worldwide antibiotic use reveals that new multiresistance plasmids can arise from diverse origins and s ...
Considerations for Analyzing Targeted NGS Data – HLA
Considerations for Analyzing Targeted NGS Data – HLA

...  Duplicated segments can be more similar to each other within an individual than they are similar to the corresponding segments of the reference genome. ...
Expression and DNA Sequence of the Gene Coding for the lux
Expression and DNA Sequence of the Gene Coding for the lux

... upstream DNA (325 bp) of the structural gene from bioluminescent bacterium, Photobacterium phosphoreum, has been determined. An open reading frame extending for more than 20 codons in 325 bp DNA upstream of luxC was not present in both directions. The lux gene can be translated into a polypeptide of ...
Phylogenetic Relationships Among Ascomycetes: Evidence from an
Phylogenetic Relationships Among Ascomycetes: Evidence from an

... Mims, and Blackwell 1996). Euascomycetes are both the most complex in morphology and the most diverse group in the Ascomycota. The major characters used to delineate the principal lineages of Euascomycetes are the morphology of the fruiting body (ascocarp) and the structure of the ascus (Nannfeldt 1 ...
Identification of Genes Overexpressed in Tumors
Identification of Genes Overexpressed in Tumors

... which encompassed each previously selected clone was synthesized (M probe); 253 inserts from white colonies were amplified by PCR and analyzed on duplicate Southern blots. The two blots were hybrid ized with the M probe and a mixture of the A+T probes, respectively. Eighteen clones which did not hyb ...
A. niger
A. niger

... Glycolysis and TCA cycle of A. niger: a view from the genomescale network. Nodes represent metabolites while directional links represent metabolic reactions. The color of the nodes represents different functional categories. The size of nodes is proportional to the number of reactions from or to tha ...
GENE 760 -‐ Problem Set #3
GENE 760 -‐ Problem Set #3

... FPKM:  Fragments  Per  Kilobase  of  transcript  per  Million  mapped  fragments   In  a  paired-­‐end  sequencing  experiment,  the  sequencer  will  output  two  reads  per  fragment,   but  this  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  both ...
Mining Gene Regulatory Networks and Microarray Data: The
Mining Gene Regulatory Networks and Microarray Data: The

... knowledge integration, and new tools to analyze and mine clinicogenomic data at all levels (gene, protein, molecular pathway, tissue, individual and population). Current post-genomics bioinformatics research seeks for methods that not only combine the information from dispersed and heterogeneous dat ...
I = -[1/3*log 2 (1/3)+ 1/3*log 2 (1/3)+ 1/3*log 2 (1/3)] + 4.32 = 2.73
I = -[1/3*log 2 (1/3)+ 1/3*log 2 (1/3)+ 1/3*log 2 (1/3)] + 4.32 = 2.73

... Mutiple alignment of 3 protein sequences: ...
Chapter 15 The Techniques of Molecular Genetics
Chapter 15 The Techniques of Molecular Genetics

...  Restriction enzymes to prepare homogenous samples of specific segments of chromosomes.  Gel electrophoresis procedures able to resolve DNA fragments differing in length by a single nucleotide.  Gene-cloning techniques allowing preparation of large quantities of a DNA molecule.  Sanger sequencin ...
Document
Document

... • Generally, BLOSUM matrices perform better than PAM matrices for local similarity searches (Henikoff & Henikoff, 1993). • When comparing closely related proteins one should use lower PAM or higher BLOSUM matrices, for distantly related proteins higher PAM or lower BLOSUM matrices. • For database se ...
Protocol
Protocol

... Suggestion: The single oligonucleotide shRNA cloning strategy is very efficient; therefore picking 2-3 colonies for each shRNA clone for plasmid DNA purification should be fine. 2. Spin down whole 6-ml bacterial culture in the desktop centrifuge (e.g. Sorvall RT6000) at 4,000 rpm for 10 min. Discar ...
Hidden Dimensions of Vibrio cholerae Pathogenesis
Hidden Dimensions of Vibrio cholerae Pathogenesis

... Thus, RIVET can be used both to identify ivi ...
B333Syllabus - Home
B333Syllabus - Home

... The microbiology course will help you to (1) acquire basic knowledge and understanding of prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea), and (2) give you a sense of their metabolic and ecological diversity. In addition, the course will introduce you to (3) microbial pathogenesis, the central topic of medical m ...
How do I get the coordinates and sequences of exons using the
How do I get the coordinates and sequences of exons using the

... "position" column returns us to the Browser graphic where we see the first item. We can see that this item is a single exon gene and to view the other items in the browser, let's zoom out by a factor of 100, and then 100 once again, where we see each one of our individual exons on the screen. To col ...
Point Mutation Detection
Point Mutation Detection

... Rarely needs radioactivity and therefore less expensive Most sensitive to small quantities or copy number ...
Biotechnology-
Biotechnology-

... Genomic—DNA exactly as found in the genome, including introns and other non-coding portions of DNA INTRONS-junk DNA 3’ untranslated region ...
Introduction - Milan Area Schools
Introduction - Milan Area Schools

... The goal of recombinant DNA work is to produce many copies (clones) of a particular gene. If the DNA is to be used to make its protein, it must be introduced, or transfected, into a host cell. The host cells or organisms, referred to as transgenic, are transfected with DNA under special conditions. ...
Introduction - Cedar Crest College
Introduction - Cedar Crest College

... The goal of recombinant DNA work is to produce many copies (clones) of a particular gene. ...
The Complete Sequence of 340 kb of DNA around the
The Complete Sequence of 340 kb of DNA around the

... several apparently involved in disease resistance. Fourteen of the genes were confirmed by identifying the corresponding transcripts. Five genes, spanning 1.9 cM of the region, cross-hybridized with maize genomic DNA and were genetically mapped in maize, revealing a stretch of colinearity with maize ...
Evidence for Compensatory Evolution of Ribosomal Proteins in
Evidence for Compensatory Evolution of Ribosomal Proteins in

... ß The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected] ...
Class Discovery and Class Prediction by Gene Expression Monitoring
Class Discovery and Class Prediction by Gene Expression Monitoring

... vector) n times. Any genes that correlate with the randomized version probably do so by chance. Find the best-correlated k genes each time. Record scores in k bags: list of top-gene scores, list of 2nd-best scores, etc. To find 1% significance level for the best gene, take 1% mark from the list of b ...
Introduction to Molecular Pathology
Introduction to Molecular Pathology

...  RNA polymerase II mediates transcription and generates a precursor ss-mRNA identical to the sense (coding) stand except for U for T.  Precursor ss-mRNA is processed in nucleus by spliceosomes that catalyze intron removal and exon ligation with the regulation by exonic and intronic enhancers and s ...
Marine Microbial Biodiversity - Society for Conservation Biology
Marine Microbial Biodiversity - Society for Conservation Biology

... The study of marine microbial diversity is important in order to understand the community structure and the pattern of distribution in the different niches of the marine environment. But microbial diversity is one of the difficult areas of biodiversity research (Watve et al. 1999) and India’s microb ...
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Metagenomics



Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. The broad field may also be referred to as environmental genomics, ecogenomics or community genomics. While traditional microbiology and microbial genome sequencing and genomics rely upon cultivated clonal cultures, early environmental gene sequencing cloned specific genes (often the 16S rRNA gene) to produce a profile of diversity in a natural sample. Such work revealed that the vast majority of microbial biodiversity had been missed by cultivation-based methods. Recent studies use either ""shotgun"" or PCR directed sequencing to get largely unbiased samples of all genes from all the members of the sampled communities. Because of its ability to reveal the previously hidden diversity of microscopic life, metagenomics offers a powerful lens for viewing the microbial world that has the potential to revolutionize understanding of the entire living world. As the price of DNA sequencing continues to fall, metagenomics now allows microbial ecology to be investigated at a much greater scale and detail than before.
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