Chapter 5 - Hale AP Biology
... Four Levels of Protein Structure 1.The primary structure of a protein is its unique sequence of amino acids 2.Secondary structure, found in most proteins, consists of coils and folds in the polypeptide ...
... Four Levels of Protein Structure 1.The primary structure of a protein is its unique sequence of amino acids 2.Secondary structure, found in most proteins, consists of coils and folds in the polypeptide ...
Integration and topology of membrane proteins Carolina Boekel
... system that allows a quantitative assessment of membrane insertion efficiency. Our studies suggest that helices might interact with each other already during the membrane-insertion step, possibly forming helical hairpins that partition into the membrane as a single unit. Further, the insertion effic ...
... system that allows a quantitative assessment of membrane insertion efficiency. Our studies suggest that helices might interact with each other already during the membrane-insertion step, possibly forming helical hairpins that partition into the membrane as a single unit. Further, the insertion effic ...
Short transmembrane domains with high
... their subcellular localization was established by colocalization with the plasma membrane marker K-Ras (Gomez and Daniotti, 2005), the Golgi complex marker GalT2 or the trans-Golgi network marker GalNAcT (Giraudo et al., 2001), all of which were tagged with YFP. Wild-type Sso1 colocalized with K-Ras ...
... their subcellular localization was established by colocalization with the plasma membrane marker K-Ras (Gomez and Daniotti, 2005), the Golgi complex marker GalT2 or the trans-Golgi network marker GalNAcT (Giraudo et al., 2001), all of which were tagged with YFP. Wild-type Sso1 colocalized with K-Ras ...
Proteins and their Ligands: Their Importance and how to Crystallize
... there is no or only little information provided about the catalytic mechanism. To gain further insights, it is important or at least helpful to obtain a binary or ternary structure of the protein of interest. In theory there are different approaches to reach this goal even though it can be a difficu ...
... there is no or only little information provided about the catalytic mechanism. To gain further insights, it is important or at least helpful to obtain a binary or ternary structure of the protein of interest. In theory there are different approaches to reach this goal even though it can be a difficu ...
Hereditary Myopathy with Lactic Acidosis
... Recombination is a process in which genetic material is exchanged between the maternal and the paternal chromosomes to ensure correct segregation and genetic diversification with each new offspring. The likelihood of recombination between two loci, for example a genetic marker (usually microsatellit ...
... Recombination is a process in which genetic material is exchanged between the maternal and the paternal chromosomes to ensure correct segregation and genetic diversification with each new offspring. The likelihood of recombination between two loci, for example a genetic marker (usually microsatellit ...
Homologous Promoter Use in Genetic Modification
... If homology-dependent promoter inactivation is based on a general mechanism, it should apply not only to the multiple uses of a heterologous promoter but also to the single use of a homologous promoter. There are several reports on the successful use of homologous promoters for transgene expression ...
... If homology-dependent promoter inactivation is based on a general mechanism, it should apply not only to the multiple uses of a heterologous promoter but also to the single use of a homologous promoter. There are several reports on the successful use of homologous promoters for transgene expression ...
Reducing Rice Seed Storage Protein Accumulation Leads to
... Pro-less transformants (Fig. 2). Since RM9 and RM1 that share a higher homology to RP10 than RM4 were not suppressed, down-regulation of RM4 was suggested to be a side effect of RP10 suppression. RM9 transcript levels slightly decreased in 13kD Pro-less seeds, consistent with the relatively low simi ...
... Pro-less transformants (Fig. 2). Since RM9 and RM1 that share a higher homology to RP10 than RM4 were not suppressed, down-regulation of RM4 was suggested to be a side effect of RP10 suppression. RM9 transcript levels slightly decreased in 13kD Pro-less seeds, consistent with the relatively low simi ...
Sample Chapter 5: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... to perform its functions is specified by its unique amino acid sequence. During synthesis each polypeptide molecule bends in three-dimensional space as its amino acid components (called amino acid residues) interact with each other, largely through noncovalent interactions. The subsequent folding of ...
... to perform its functions is specified by its unique amino acid sequence. During synthesis each polypeptide molecule bends in three-dimensional space as its amino acid components (called amino acid residues) interact with each other, largely through noncovalent interactions. The subsequent folding of ...
Pore-Exposed Tyrosine Residues of P
... interfaces and active site interactions. Tyrosines are amphipathic residues, capable of forming hydrophobic, hydrogenbonding, p-p, and p-cation interactions. They were previously shown to make a large contribution to protein stability (Pace et al., 2001), but nevertheless contribute to structural pl ...
... interfaces and active site interactions. Tyrosines are amphipathic residues, capable of forming hydrophobic, hydrogenbonding, p-p, and p-cation interactions. They were previously shown to make a large contribution to protein stability (Pace et al., 2001), but nevertheless contribute to structural pl ...
Molecular architecture of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
... a second molecule of E2-SBD with either E1 or E3 is not possible. Occupation of both binding sites would result in steric clashes in one of the E2-SBD loop regions. In contrast, it has been known for a long time that a total of 30 E1 and six E3 molecules can associate with the mammalian PDC core [22 ...
... a second molecule of E2-SBD with either E1 or E3 is not possible. Occupation of both binding sites would result in steric clashes in one of the E2-SBD loop regions. In contrast, it has been known for a long time that a total of 30 E1 and six E3 molecules can associate with the mammalian PDC core [22 ...
Cis-trans isomerization of omega dihedrals in Proteins
... This conclusion brought our attention to the fact that many cis peptide bonds may have passed unnoticed due to an automatic usage of refinement programs (Huber, Steigemann 1974). Moreover, Gunasekaran and co-workers showed that half of disallowed regions residues (often due to cisconformation) in th ...
... This conclusion brought our attention to the fact that many cis peptide bonds may have passed unnoticed due to an automatic usage of refinement programs (Huber, Steigemann 1974). Moreover, Gunasekaran and co-workers showed that half of disallowed regions residues (often due to cisconformation) in th ...
The Invention of Proteomic Code and mRNA
... bench scientists published the real Genetic Code [9, 10] and provided a huge surprise: it was redundant. It was not compact, it was seemingly chaotic, there were no signs of any protection against frame shifts, and there were no signs of any connection between the codons and any characteristics of t ...
... bench scientists published the real Genetic Code [9, 10] and provided a huge surprise: it was redundant. It was not compact, it was seemingly chaotic, there were no signs of any protection against frame shifts, and there were no signs of any connection between the codons and any characteristics of t ...
Green Fluorescent Protein: A Reporter Molecule
... Study of biological processes (example: synthesis of proteins) ...
... Study of biological processes (example: synthesis of proteins) ...
Contribution of defined amino acid residues to the immunogenicity
... C and the resulting rise in mucosal cGMP mediates the electrolyte-rich, watery diarrhea characteristic of the illness. The receptor-binding and enterotoxic properties of STh have been mapped to a highly conserved domain including six cysteine residues forming three intramolecular disul¢de bonds that ...
... C and the resulting rise in mucosal cGMP mediates the electrolyte-rich, watery diarrhea characteristic of the illness. The receptor-binding and enterotoxic properties of STh have been mapped to a highly conserved domain including six cysteine residues forming three intramolecular disul¢de bonds that ...
Journal of Molecular Biology
... model and subsequently subjected to extensive mutational analysis15,16 allowing the assignment of individual enzyme–substrate interactions within particular subsites. We report here the structure of an enzyme–ligand complex solved by X-ray crystallography to investigate the contribution of key resid ...
... model and subsequently subjected to extensive mutational analysis15,16 allowing the assignment of individual enzyme–substrate interactions within particular subsites. We report here the structure of an enzyme–ligand complex solved by X-ray crystallography to investigate the contribution of key resid ...
PPT
... Helices are 17-25 amino acids long (span the membrane) Predominantly hydrophobic residues Helices oriented perpendicular to membrane Orientation can be predicted using "positive inside" rule ...
... Helices are 17-25 amino acids long (span the membrane) Predominantly hydrophobic residues Helices oriented perpendicular to membrane Orientation can be predicted using "positive inside" rule ...
Simple models of the protein folding problem
... a small mixing part −0:3. Several authors have investigated the e"ect of the mixing contribution as a small perturbation to the additive potential [26 –29].) We have studied the model (1) on a three-dimensional cubic lattice and on a two-dimensional square lattice [23]. For the three-dimensional cas ...
... a small mixing part −0:3. Several authors have investigated the e"ect of the mixing contribution as a small perturbation to the additive potential [26 –29].) We have studied the model (1) on a three-dimensional cubic lattice and on a two-dimensional square lattice [23]. For the three-dimensional cas ...
Identification and temporal expression of putative circadian clock
... in the repression of clk transcription by binding VRI/PAR domain protein 1ε (PDP1ε) promoters (Cyran et al., 2003). VRI dependent repression also mediates transcription of output mRNAs that cycle in phase with clk, such as cryptochrome (Glossop et al., 2003). In mammals and some arthropods, CRYPTOCH ...
... in the repression of clk transcription by binding VRI/PAR domain protein 1ε (PDP1ε) promoters (Cyran et al., 2003). VRI dependent repression also mediates transcription of output mRNAs that cycle in phase with clk, such as cryptochrome (Glossop et al., 2003). In mammals and some arthropods, CRYPTOCH ...
and gender-specific hallmarks
... onset of insulin resistance (IR), where the individual is usually asymptomatic7. Thus, early detection of T2DM, or preferably avoidance of disease onset, would be of tremendous benefit for human health. Our group has been contributing to unveiling the human adipose tissue proteome for the last 10 ye ...
... onset of insulin resistance (IR), where the individual is usually asymptomatic7. Thus, early detection of T2DM, or preferably avoidance of disease onset, would be of tremendous benefit for human health. Our group has been contributing to unveiling the human adipose tissue proteome for the last 10 ye ...
3D Structure - Canadian Bioinformatics Workshops
... • BLAST alignments can be used to detect or predict the presence of domains by sequence homology • Protein domains can also be predicted using CDD (Conserved Domain Database) at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cdd.shtml Lecture 3.0 ...
... • BLAST alignments can be used to detect or predict the presence of domains by sequence homology • Protein domains can also be predicted using CDD (Conserved Domain Database) at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cdd.shtml Lecture 3.0 ...
Interactome
In molecular biology, an interactome is the whole set of molecular interactions in a particular cell. The term specifically refers to physical interactions among molecules (such as those among proteins, also known as protein-protein interactions) but can also describe sets of indirect interactions among genes (genetic interactions). Mathematically, interactomes are generally displayed as graphs.The word ""interactome"" was originally coined in 1999 by a group of French scientists headed by Bernard Jacq. Though interactomes may be described as biological networks, they should not be confused with other networks such as neural networks or food webs.