BGFK Blue Segment Student Handout
... each other and are called alpha (α) subunits or α−globin. The other two subunits are also identical to each other and are called beta (β) subunits or β−globin. The α− and β−globins are similar to each other, but not identical. Each subunit has a heme group with an iron (Fe) atom in the center. (See ...
... each other and are called alpha (α) subunits or α−globin. The other two subunits are also identical to each other and are called beta (β) subunits or β−globin. The α− and β−globins are similar to each other, but not identical. Each subunit has a heme group with an iron (Fe) atom in the center. (See ...
spectroscopic studies of mosquito iridescent virus, its capsid
... Optical spectroscopy is one of the efficient and informative methods of studying viruses. It provides well reproducible results and is a powerful supplement to conventional biological methods of studying the living organisms. Thus, it allows one to determine the chemical composition of the capsid pr ...
... Optical spectroscopy is one of the efficient and informative methods of studying viruses. It provides well reproducible results and is a powerful supplement to conventional biological methods of studying the living organisms. Thus, it allows one to determine the chemical composition of the capsid pr ...
A: _____/18
... The transition state is a high energy intermediate in the reaction. By reducing the energy of the transition state, enzyme will increase the concentration of the transition state, thus increasing the rate of the reaction (6 pts). The reduction in energy of the transition state can be due to two fact ...
... The transition state is a high energy intermediate in the reaction. By reducing the energy of the transition state, enzyme will increase the concentration of the transition state, thus increasing the rate of the reaction (6 pts). The reduction in energy of the transition state can be due to two fact ...
The Role in Translation of Editing and Multi
... In addition to their aminoacylation functions, about half of the aaRSs have evolved an editing function, which hydrolyzes non-cognate amino acid from its cognate tRNA thereby maintaining the fidelity of translation. Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) misactivates and mischarges Tyr onto tRNAPhe, b ...
... In addition to their aminoacylation functions, about half of the aaRSs have evolved an editing function, which hydrolyzes non-cognate amino acid from its cognate tRNA thereby maintaining the fidelity of translation. Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) misactivates and mischarges Tyr onto tRNAPhe, b ...
Session 377 Visual cycle and phototransduction
... uptake. The carotenoid uptake efficiency by these receptors, however, was dependent on the concentration of carotenoids. For example – SCARB1 overexpressed cells showed significant increase in the uptake of lutein at concentrations between 1 and 10 μM, whereas SCARB2 overexpressed cells took up more ...
... uptake. The carotenoid uptake efficiency by these receptors, however, was dependent on the concentration of carotenoids. For example – SCARB1 overexpressed cells showed significant increase in the uptake of lutein at concentrations between 1 and 10 μM, whereas SCARB2 overexpressed cells took up more ...
ZOO-302CR:(1.4)CELL DIVISION AND CELL CYCLE
... Binding of a growth factor molecule to its cell surface receptor can stimulate a number of signaling pathways, an example of which is the Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which plays a major role in entry into G1, as discussed in more detail Subheading 2.1. Once cells e ...
... Binding of a growth factor molecule to its cell surface receptor can stimulate a number of signaling pathways, an example of which is the Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which plays a major role in entry into G1, as discussed in more detail Subheading 2.1. Once cells e ...
Structure of Porphobilinogen Synthase from Pseudomonas
... of two molecules of aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Crystal structures of PBGS from various sources confirm the presence of two distinct binding sites for each ALA molecule, termed A and P. We have solved the structure of the active-site variant D139N of the Mg2þ-dependent PBGS from Pseudomonas aeruginos ...
... of two molecules of aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Crystal structures of PBGS from various sources confirm the presence of two distinct binding sites for each ALA molecule, termed A and P. We have solved the structure of the active-site variant D139N of the Mg2þ-dependent PBGS from Pseudomonas aeruginos ...
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[Step 5] New Module Template 2009
... geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental to the majority of life on Earth. Most extremophiles are microbes. The domain Archaea contains renowned examples, but extremophiles are present in numerous and diverse genetic lineages of both bacteria and archaeans. Types of extremophiles There ...
... geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental to the majority of life on Earth. Most extremophiles are microbes. The domain Archaea contains renowned examples, but extremophiles are present in numerous and diverse genetic lineages of both bacteria and archaeans. Types of extremophiles There ...
Molecular cloning, characterization, and homologous
... effects of pH, temperature, and metal ions on both chitinases produced by recombinant and parental Bt strains were investigated. The present study reports molecular cloning and sequence analysis of an endochitinase gene (chi3023) from Bt serovar morrisoni strain 3023 as well as its homologous expres ...
... effects of pH, temperature, and metal ions on both chitinases produced by recombinant and parental Bt strains were investigated. The present study reports molecular cloning and sequence analysis of an endochitinase gene (chi3023) from Bt serovar morrisoni strain 3023 as well as its homologous expres ...
PCNA Protein Expression during Spermatogenesis of the
... ABSTRACT—Spermatogenesis can be initiated by a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) into the cultivated Japanese eel, which produces only spermatogonia in the testis. To isolate the genes responsible for regulating spermatogenesis, we performed a differential mRNA display using pol ...
... ABSTRACT—Spermatogenesis can be initiated by a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) into the cultivated Japanese eel, which produces only spermatogonia in the testis. To isolate the genes responsible for regulating spermatogenesis, we performed a differential mRNA display using pol ...
Canola Meal for Pig Feeding
... Canola meal is the major protein meal used within the Australian livestock industries, this being due to the demand for canola oil and the production of meal through the oilseed crushing process. The Australian market has two differing oilseed crushing processes in the form of expeller or solvent ex ...
... Canola meal is the major protein meal used within the Australian livestock industries, this being due to the demand for canola oil and the production of meal through the oilseed crushing process. The Australian market has two differing oilseed crushing processes in the form of expeller or solvent ex ...
Molecular Immunology Circular Dichroism reveals evidence of coupling between immunoglobulin
... family in mice, which is thought to have arisen by a process of gene duplication of an ancestral gene with subsequent drift through mutation. In mice, IgG1 has been proposed to be the oldest and it may have diverged from IgG2 before speciation (Adetugbo, 1978). However, though IgG1 is most similar t ...
... family in mice, which is thought to have arisen by a process of gene duplication of an ancestral gene with subsequent drift through mutation. In mice, IgG1 has been proposed to be the oldest and it may have diverged from IgG2 before speciation (Adetugbo, 1978). However, though IgG1 is most similar t ...
Mechanisms and applications of disulfide bond formation
... formation. PDI contain four domains plus two short regions, whose architecture is defined: a-b-b’-x-a’-c. a and a’ are catalytic domains containing active sites, the b and b’ domains lack active sites and are non-catalytic, x is a linker region and c is a C-terminal acidic tail. The b’ domain is ess ...
... formation. PDI contain four domains plus two short regions, whose architecture is defined: a-b-b’-x-a’-c. a and a’ are catalytic domains containing active sites, the b and b’ domains lack active sites and are non-catalytic, x is a linker region and c is a C-terminal acidic tail. The b’ domain is ess ...
Blood loss
... (a) Basic point: Bicarb is much more soluble in plasma than CO2, so lots of bicarb (but not much CO2) can be carried in the blood. Therefore need to covert CO2 to bicarb when want to carry CO2 in blood; need to do reverse to eliminate the CO2 (in lungs). (b) Conversion of CO2 to bicarb (& vice ...
... (a) Basic point: Bicarb is much more soluble in plasma than CO2, so lots of bicarb (but not much CO2) can be carried in the blood. Therefore need to covert CO2 to bicarb when want to carry CO2 in blood; need to do reverse to eliminate the CO2 (in lungs). (b) Conversion of CO2 to bicarb (& vice ...
Towards the storage metabolome: profiling the barley vacuole
... Technological developments in the last decade have rendered metabolomics, the comprehensive study of small molecule metabolites, an important functional genomic tool (Fiehn, 2002; Sumner et al., 2003; Weckwerth, 2003; Farre et al., 2006; Matsuda et al., 2009; Saito and Matsuda, 2010). It is currentl ...
... Technological developments in the last decade have rendered metabolomics, the comprehensive study of small molecule metabolites, an important functional genomic tool (Fiehn, 2002; Sumner et al., 2003; Weckwerth, 2003; Farre et al., 2006; Matsuda et al., 2009; Saito and Matsuda, 2010). It is currentl ...
The 20 amino acids
... The fact that it doesn’t have a side chain means that its backbone is very flexible so that it can make backbone turns that other residues cannot make. It is very bad for helix, bad for strand, but it is the star of the turns. ...
... The fact that it doesn’t have a side chain means that its backbone is very flexible so that it can make backbone turns that other residues cannot make. It is very bad for helix, bad for strand, but it is the star of the turns. ...
Developmental Regulation of Genes Encoding Universal Stress
... were maintained at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 7 days. Total RNA was extracted from eggs, miracidia, schistosomula, male and female using the Trizol reagent (Sigma) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Single-stranded cDNA was generated by priming 1 to 2 µg of total RNA with 500 ...
... were maintained at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 7 days. Total RNA was extracted from eggs, miracidia, schistosomula, male and female using the Trizol reagent (Sigma) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Single-stranded cDNA was generated by priming 1 to 2 µg of total RNA with 500 ...
DECISION of 28 June 2005
... application No. 94 907 259.9 published under the international application No. WO 94/15966 with the title "Growth Differentiation Factor-9" claiming priority from US 08/003303 of 12 January 1993. The decision was based on the main request and auxiliary requests 1 to 3 then on file. Claim 1 of the ma ...
... application No. 94 907 259.9 published under the international application No. WO 94/15966 with the title "Growth Differentiation Factor-9" claiming priority from US 08/003303 of 12 January 1993. The decision was based on the main request and auxiliary requests 1 to 3 then on file. Claim 1 of the ma ...
Characterization of the Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Biosynthetic Genes
... propionaldehyde. Propanediol cannot be fermented or oxidized anaerobically by Salmonella spp. Since propionaldehyde can be oxidized only under aerobic growth conditions (56, 75, 104), Salmonella spp. require an exogenous corrinoid to use propanediol as a carbon and energy source. (iv) Queuosine synt ...
... propionaldehyde. Propanediol cannot be fermented or oxidized anaerobically by Salmonella spp. Since propionaldehyde can be oxidized only under aerobic growth conditions (56, 75, 104), Salmonella spp. require an exogenous corrinoid to use propanediol as a carbon and energy source. (iv) Queuosine synt ...
Bacterial hemoglobins and flavohemoglobins: versatile proteins and
... have been discovered in mammals : a Hb present preferentially in the brain called neuroglobin, and an ubiquitously expressed Hb designated histoglobin or, alternatively, cytoglobin [3^5]. Neuroglobin has been suggested to protect neurons from hypoxic^ischemic injury [6]. Both proteins show less than ...
... have been discovered in mammals : a Hb present preferentially in the brain called neuroglobin, and an ubiquitously expressed Hb designated histoglobin or, alternatively, cytoglobin [3^5]. Neuroglobin has been suggested to protect neurons from hypoxic^ischemic injury [6]. Both proteins show less than ...
SEPARATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANES OF
... also studied as a function of digitonin concentration, and as shown in Fig . 2 b, the pattern of release of these enzymes (AAS, RI, DH, and AT) closely resembles that of soluble matrix enzyme MDH, and not that produced by either of the membranebound marker enzymes KH or SCCR . The soluble nature of ...
... also studied as a function of digitonin concentration, and as shown in Fig . 2 b, the pattern of release of these enzymes (AAS, RI, DH, and AT) closely resembles that of soluble matrix enzyme MDH, and not that produced by either of the membranebound marker enzymes KH or SCCR . The soluble nature of ...
cell biology and membrane biochemistry
... perioxisomes and vacuoles. Plant cells, in addition to the above, have those of choloroplasts. These intracellular membranes separate the cells into compartments with an identity of their own to carry out specific functions. However, they remain in contact with the cytoplasm of the cell through spec ...
... perioxisomes and vacuoles. Plant cells, in addition to the above, have those of choloroplasts. These intracellular membranes separate the cells into compartments with an identity of their own to carry out specific functions. However, they remain in contact with the cytoplasm of the cell through spec ...
CHEMISTRY OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND THEIR UTILIZATION
... Fig. 4.4. Molecular dendrogram of globin superfamily based on amino acid sequences. Each protein forms clear clusters. ...
... Fig. 4.4. Molecular dendrogram of globin superfamily based on amino acid sequences. Each protein forms clear clusters. ...
Two-hybrid screening
Two-hybrid screening (also known as yeast two-hybrid system or Y2H) is a molecular biology technique used to discover protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and protein–DNA interactions by testing for physical interactions (such as binding) between two proteins or a single protein and a DNA molecule, respectively.The premise behind the test is the activation of downstream reporter gene(s) by the binding of a transcription factor onto an upstream activating sequence (UAS). For two-hybrid screening, the transcription factor is split into two separate fragments, called the binding domain (BD) and activating domain (AD). The BD is the domain responsible for binding to the UAS and the AD is the domain responsible for the activation of transcription. The Y2H is thus a protein-fragment complementation assay.