Regio- and Enantioselective Alkane Hydroxylation with Engineered Cytochromes P450 BM-3 Peter Meinhold,
... enzyme (modified heme domain attached to the unmodified reductase domain) was used in all the experiments described here. Of the 11 amino acid substitutions in the alkane hydroxylase 139-3 heme domain, only one (V78A) occurs at a residue that contacts the fatty acid substrate in the (wild-type) enzy ...
... enzyme (modified heme domain attached to the unmodified reductase domain) was used in all the experiments described here. Of the 11 amino acid substitutions in the alkane hydroxylase 139-3 heme domain, only one (V78A) occurs at a residue that contacts the fatty acid substrate in the (wild-type) enzy ...
Malo-ethanolic fermentation in Saccharomyces and
... for yeast and fungi, i.e. those that are repressed by glucose and those that are not. In the K(+) yeasts K. lactis, C. utilis, H. anomala and C. sphaerica, the malate transport system was found to be substrateinducible and subject to glucose repression (Camarasa et al. 2001; Cássio and Leão 1993; ...
... for yeast and fungi, i.e. those that are repressed by glucose and those that are not. In the K(+) yeasts K. lactis, C. utilis, H. anomala and C. sphaerica, the malate transport system was found to be substrateinducible and subject to glucose repression (Camarasa et al. 2001; Cássio and Leão 1993; ...
The Synthesis of Enzymes Concerned in Bacterio
... light intensity. Enzyme synthesis in the light is repressed by oxygen, the effect being overcome on restoration of anaerobic conditions. Formation of bacteriochlorophyll under these various conditions is affected in the same way as enzyme synthesis. Addition of B-aminolaevulic acid or haemin to grow ...
... light intensity. Enzyme synthesis in the light is repressed by oxygen, the effect being overcome on restoration of anaerobic conditions. Formation of bacteriochlorophyll under these various conditions is affected in the same way as enzyme synthesis. Addition of B-aminolaevulic acid or haemin to grow ...
Slide 1
... Pyruvate PEP; reversing the pyruvate kinase step of glycolysis. 4 subunits Biotin Allosteric + acetyl CoA Indicates CAC Backed-up ...
... Pyruvate PEP; reversing the pyruvate kinase step of glycolysis. 4 subunits Biotin Allosteric + acetyl CoA Indicates CAC Backed-up ...
Document
... confirmed by means of affinity purification and mAb binding in ELISA. Whereas standard enzymatic assays with milk casein and hemoglobin as substrates showed that both rBla g 2 Wt and rBla g 2 Mut proteins were inactive, a modified hemoglobin assay with increased sensitivity detected residual activit ...
... confirmed by means of affinity purification and mAb binding in ELISA. Whereas standard enzymatic assays with milk casein and hemoglobin as substrates showed that both rBla g 2 Wt and rBla g 2 Mut proteins were inactive, a modified hemoglobin assay with increased sensitivity detected residual activit ...
Kinetic Assay of Human Pepsin with Albumin
... have the same optical and chemical properties as the intact amino acids in the protein chain and therefore have to be physically separated from the original substrate, usually by centrifugation, ifitration, or dialysis, before the change in absorbance can be measured. Such procedures militate ...
... have the same optical and chemical properties as the intact amino acids in the protein chain and therefore have to be physically separated from the original substrate, usually by centrifugation, ifitration, or dialysis, before the change in absorbance can be measured. Such procedures militate ...
Divergent evolution of the thiolase superfamily and chalcone
... All thiolase superfamily enzymes have an active site Cys that acts as nucleophile and anchors the growing chain during condensation reactions. Thiolases also possess a conserved His that activates the Cys nucleophile (thus, CH diad) and another Cys that acts as a base and deprotonates the a-carbon o ...
... All thiolase superfamily enzymes have an active site Cys that acts as nucleophile and anchors the growing chain during condensation reactions. Thiolases also possess a conserved His that activates the Cys nucleophile (thus, CH diad) and another Cys that acts as a base and deprotonates the a-carbon o ...
amino acid, peptides, proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids
... figures greatly in the present chapter. We will approach the very important chemistry of amino acids and their derivatives in three stages. First, simple a-amino acids will be considered with emphasis on how the properties of amine functions and of acid functions are modified in molecules that posse ...
... figures greatly in the present chapter. We will approach the very important chemistry of amino acids and their derivatives in three stages. First, simple a-amino acids will be considered with emphasis on how the properties of amine functions and of acid functions are modified in molecules that posse ...
Cytochrome P450-enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of mono
... genome of all biological kingdoms (Nelson 2011). The result of a cytochrome P450 catalysed reaction is most often insertion of oxygen (hydroxylation), although also dehydrogenation, isomerization, dimerization, carbon–carbon bond cleavage, reductions, as well as N-, O- and S-dealkylations, sulphoxid ...
... genome of all biological kingdoms (Nelson 2011). The result of a cytochrome P450 catalysed reaction is most often insertion of oxygen (hydroxylation), although also dehydrogenation, isomerization, dimerization, carbon–carbon bond cleavage, reductions, as well as N-, O- and S-dealkylations, sulphoxid ...
finalglycogen (2)
... Glycogen is homopolysaccharide formed of branched α-DGLUCOSE units (α1,4and α1,6) each branch is made of 6-12 glucose units , at the branching point the chain is attached by 1-6 link ...
... Glycogen is homopolysaccharide formed of branched α-DGLUCOSE units (α1,4and α1,6) each branch is made of 6-12 glucose units , at the branching point the chain is attached by 1-6 link ...
The tyrosine regulated DAHP synthase and the biosynthetic
... (Arg114, Thr115, Lys120). This enhances the destabilizing effect on the catalytic center. The dual inhibitory pathways presumably result in reduced binding of substrates which reduces the activity of the enzyme. Native PAGE experiments suggest that the dimer is the preferred oligomerization state of ...
... (Arg114, Thr115, Lys120). This enhances the destabilizing effect on the catalytic center. The dual inhibitory pathways presumably result in reduced binding of substrates which reduces the activity of the enzyme. Native PAGE experiments suggest that the dimer is the preferred oligomerization state of ...
A Substrate Serves as a Hydrogen Atom Donor in the Enzyme
... enzyme-initiated catalysis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the maize lipoxygenase-1 is structurally more similar to soybean LOX1 than pea LOXN2 in that it has an additional external loop (residues 318-351) in the carboxy-terminal catalytic domain. We analyzed the dependence of product distrib ...
... enzyme-initiated catalysis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the maize lipoxygenase-1 is structurally more similar to soybean LOX1 than pea LOXN2 in that it has an additional external loop (residues 318-351) in the carboxy-terminal catalytic domain. We analyzed the dependence of product distrib ...
Zaenab Aljassim thesis-6_1
... my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or for the duration of my copyright ownership. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also reserve the right to use in future works (such as articl ...
... my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or for the duration of my copyright ownership. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also reserve the right to use in future works (such as articl ...
Pineapple Juice and Its Fractions in Enzymatic Browning Inhibition
... determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using the methods of Wen and Wrolstad (23). For L-ascorbic acid and organic acids analyses, columns ODS-2 and ODS-1 (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size; Alltech Associates Inc.) were connected in series to a Dynamax model SD-300 pump ...
... determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using the methods of Wen and Wrolstad (23). For L-ascorbic acid and organic acids analyses, columns ODS-2 and ODS-1 (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size; Alltech Associates Inc.) were connected in series to a Dynamax model SD-300 pump ...
Chapter 8
... At this point all of the reactions that result in reduction in carbon chain length are complete, 2 CO2 have been eliminated 2 NADH and 1 ATP have been made and we are back with a 4-carbon acid. However the acid is succinate, whereas to start a new cycle we need oxalacetate. This requires the oxidati ...
... At this point all of the reactions that result in reduction in carbon chain length are complete, 2 CO2 have been eliminated 2 NADH and 1 ATP have been made and we are back with a 4-carbon acid. However the acid is succinate, whereas to start a new cycle we need oxalacetate. This requires the oxidati ...
Biochemical Journal
... For diffraction data collection, the LiCMSN crystals were first cryo-protected using paratone oil (Hampton Research) and then flash-cooled in liquid nitrogen. Selenium SAD (single-wavelength anomalous dispersion) diffraction data of LiCMSN were collected to a resolution of 2.6 Å from a flash-cooled ...
... For diffraction data collection, the LiCMSN crystals were first cryo-protected using paratone oil (Hampton Research) and then flash-cooled in liquid nitrogen. Selenium SAD (single-wavelength anomalous dispersion) diffraction data of LiCMSN were collected to a resolution of 2.6 Å from a flash-cooled ...
Biosynthesis of lipoxygenase, lipids and its fatty acid composition of
... According to literature data, in the young growing culture the role of functionality significant lipids, especially, lipids with considerable quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids, is very high. The increasing of lipids in ageing culture takes place, obviously with increasing of part of the compon ...
... According to literature data, in the young growing culture the role of functionality significant lipids, especially, lipids with considerable quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids, is very high. The increasing of lipids in ageing culture takes place, obviously with increasing of part of the compon ...
Лекция 2. Структура и функция белка
... Relatively simple monomeric subunits provide the key to the structure of the thousands of different proteins. All proteins, whether from the most ancient lines of bacteria or from the most complex forms of life, are constructed from the same ubiquitous set of 20 amino acids, covalently linked in cha ...
... Relatively simple monomeric subunits provide the key to the structure of the thousands of different proteins. All proteins, whether from the most ancient lines of bacteria or from the most complex forms of life, are constructed from the same ubiquitous set of 20 amino acids, covalently linked in cha ...
Key Residues Controlling Binding of Diverse Ligands to Human
... (Protein Data Bank code 1Z11) (Yano et al., 2005). Mutations of CYP2A13 were performed in silico via the Biopolymer suite in Insight-II (Accelrys, San Diego, CA), and each unique mutant protein was allowed to relax via CHARMM simulations (Brooks et al., 1983), entailing a 100-step molecular mechanic ...
... (Protein Data Bank code 1Z11) (Yano et al., 2005). Mutations of CYP2A13 were performed in silico via the Biopolymer suite in Insight-II (Accelrys, San Diego, CA), and each unique mutant protein was allowed to relax via CHARMM simulations (Brooks et al., 1983), entailing a 100-step molecular mechanic ...
Action
... The characteristics of cancer are uncontrolled cellular growth and proliferation, sometimes, tumor cell migration, invasion, and spreading to other organs and tissues. Different factors and conditions can transform normal cells into cancerous ones by altering the normal function of a wide spectrum o ...
... The characteristics of cancer are uncontrolled cellular growth and proliferation, sometimes, tumor cell migration, invasion, and spreading to other organs and tissues. Different factors and conditions can transform normal cells into cancerous ones by altering the normal function of a wide spectrum o ...
Modulation of glucokinase by glucose, small
... GK (glucokinase; hexokinase IV) plays a central role in maintaining glucose homoeostasis and is the major glucosephosphorylating enzyme expressed in hepatocytes and pancreatic β-cells [1]. GK is unique among hexokinases in that it displays a sigmoidal substrate dose–response curve, demonstrates low ...
... GK (glucokinase; hexokinase IV) plays a central role in maintaining glucose homoeostasis and is the major glucosephosphorylating enzyme expressed in hepatocytes and pancreatic β-cells [1]. GK is unique among hexokinases in that it displays a sigmoidal substrate dose–response curve, demonstrates low ...
Full-Text PDF
... The expression of Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms can be altered by pathological conditions. For instance, in several cardiac diseases, the Na+,K+-ATPase isoform composition of the heart is modified [32]. Numerous studies have reported changes in Na+,K+-ATPase subunit expression and activity in the course of ...
... The expression of Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms can be altered by pathological conditions. For instance, in several cardiac diseases, the Na+,K+-ATPase isoform composition of the heart is modified [32]. Numerous studies have reported changes in Na+,K+-ATPase subunit expression and activity in the course of ...
Studies on pituitary polypeptide hormones. 2. The action of pepsin
... C-terminal fragment, S4 (positions 8-18 in pMSH), which contain five and six respectively of the seven amino acid residues which constitute the heptapeptide structure common to both corticotrophin and P-MSH, appear to be inactive as melanocyte-stimulators. Thus in all the cases which have been studi ...
... C-terminal fragment, S4 (positions 8-18 in pMSH), which contain five and six respectively of the seven amino acid residues which constitute the heptapeptide structure common to both corticotrophin and P-MSH, appear to be inactive as melanocyte-stimulators. Thus in all the cases which have been studi ...
Medical faculty 2- d course Module 4 General principles of metabolism
... 46. A deficiency in thiamin causes the disease beriberi. Which might you expect to have a higher than normal blood concentration in an individual with this condition? A. Isocitrate B. Pyruvate C. Oxaloacetate D. Acetyl CoA E. Malate ANSWER: B 47. Compounds like succinate, fumarate and а-ketoglutarat ...
... 46. A deficiency in thiamin causes the disease beriberi. Which might you expect to have a higher than normal blood concentration in an individual with this condition? A. Isocitrate B. Pyruvate C. Oxaloacetate D. Acetyl CoA E. Malate ANSWER: B 47. Compounds like succinate, fumarate and а-ketoglutarat ...
Enzyme inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity. Since blocking an enzyme's activity can kill a pathogen or correct a metabolic imbalance, many drugs are enzyme inhibitors. They are also used in pesticides. Not all molecules that bind to enzymes are inhibitors; enzyme activators bind to enzymes and increase their enzymatic activity, while enzyme substrates bind and are converted to products in the normal catalytic cycle of the enzyme.The binding of an inhibitor can stop a substrate from entering the enzyme's active site and/or hinder the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction. Inhibitor binding is either reversible or irreversible. Irreversible inhibitors usually react with the enzyme and change it chemically (e.g. via covalent bond formation). These inhibitors modify key amino acid residues needed for enzymatic activity. In contrast, reversible inhibitors bind non-covalently and different types of inhibition are produced depending on whether these inhibitors bind to the enzyme, the enzyme-substrate complex, or both.Many drug molecules are enzyme inhibitors, so their discovery and improvement is an active area of research in biochemistry and pharmacology. A medicinal enzyme inhibitor is often judged by its specificity (its lack of binding to other proteins) and its potency (its dissociation constant, which indicates the concentration needed to inhibit the enzyme). A high specificity and potency ensure that a drug will have few side effects and thus low toxicity.Enzyme inhibitors also occur naturally and are involved in the regulation of metabolism. For example, enzymes in a metabolic pathway can be inhibited by downstream products. This type of negative feedback slows the production line when products begin to build up and is an important way to maintain homeostasis in a cell. Other cellular enzyme inhibitors are proteins that specifically bind to and inhibit an enzyme target. This can help control enzymes that may be damaging to a cell, like proteases or nucleases. A well-characterised example of this is the ribonuclease inhibitor, which binds to ribonucleases in one of the tightest known protein–protein interactions. Natural enzyme inhibitors can also be poisons and are used as defences against predators or as ways of killing prey.