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... ©CMBI 2001 ...
Amino Acid Biosynthesis Student Companion Ch 24 Self Test
Amino Acid Biosynthesis Student Companion Ch 24 Self Test

Aston University and VBI logo`s here
Aston University and VBI logo`s here

... and diagnostic markets. Post translational modifications (PTMs) extend the range of functions of proteins, detecting them provides insights into how cells function, which makes them valuable in developing new approaches to drug development. ELS is a leading player in the PTM market (valued at >£1bn ...
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... How fast can an enzyme be? The diffusion limit for small molecules reaching the active site of an enzyme has a second order rate constant of 108-109 M-1s-1. By comparison, TIM – in converting GAP to DHAP appears to be within that limit, at roughly 107 M-1s-1 (Table T.1). However, things are a littl ...
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Catalytic triad



A catalytic triad refers to the three amino acid residues that function together at the centre of the active site of some hydrolase and transferase enzymes (e.g. proteases, amidases, esterases, acylases, lipases and β-lactamases). An Acid-Base-Nucleophile triad is a common motif for generating a nucleophilic residue for covalent catalysis. The residues form a charge-relay network to polarise and activate the nucleophile, which attacks the substrate, forming a covalent intermediate which is then hydrolysed to regenerate free enzyme. The nucleophile is most commonly a serine or cysteine amino acid, but occasionally threonine. Because enzymes fold into complex three-dimensional structures, the residues of a catalytic triad can be far from each other along the amino-acid sequence (primary structure), however, they are brought close together in the final fold.As well as divergent evolution of function (and even the triad's nucleophile), catalytic triads show some of the best examples of convergent evolution. Chemical constraints on catalysis have led to the same catalytic solution independently evolving in at least 23 separate superfamilies. Their mechanism of action is consequently one of the best studied in biochemistry.
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